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2021-07-22
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Startup Claims Breakthrough in Long-Duration Batteries<blockquote>初创公司声称在长寿命电池领域取得突破</blockquote>
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But it says they will be capable of solving one of the most elusive problems facing renewable energy: cheaply storing large amounts of electricity to power grids when the sun isn’t shining and wind isn’t blowing.</p><p><blockquote>Form Energy Inc. 的电池对于电动汽车来说太重了。但它表示，他们将能够解决可再生能源面临的最难以捉摸的问题之一：在没有阳光照耀、没有风吹的时候，以低廉的价格将大量电力储存到电网中。</blockquote></p><p> The work of the Somerville, Mass., company has long been shrouded in secrecy and nondisclosure agreements. It recently shared its progress with The Wall Street Journal, saying it wants to make regulators and utilities aware that if all continues to go according to plan, its iron-air batteries will be capable of affordable, long-duration power storage by 2025.</p><p><blockquote>马萨诸塞州萨默维尔的作品。公司长期以来一直被保密和保密协议所笼罩。该公司最近与《华尔街日报》分享了其进展，称希望让监管机构和公用事业公司意识到，如果一切继续按计划进行，到 2025 年，其铁空气电池将能够实现负担得起的长期储能。</blockquote></p><p> Its backers include Breakthrough Energy Ventures, a climate investment fund whose investors include Microsoft Corp. co-founder Bill Gates and Amazon.com Inc. founderJeff Bezos. Form recently initiated a $200 million funding round, led by a strategic investment from steelmaking giantArcelorMittalSA,MT4.27%one of the world’s leading iron-ore producers.</p><p><blockquote>其支持者包括气候投资基金 Breakthrough Energy Ventures，其投资者包括微软公司联合创始人比尔盖茨和亚马逊公司创始人杰夫贝索斯。Form 最近启动了一轮 2 亿美元的融资，由世界领先的铁矿石生产商之一钢铁巨头 CelorMittalSA 的战略投资牵头。</blockquote></p><p> Form is preparing to soon be in production of the “kind of battery you need to fully retire thermal assets like coal andnatural gas” power plants, said the company’s chief executive, Mateo Jaramillo, who developed Tesla Inc.’s Powerwall battery and worked on some of its earliest automotive powertrains.</p><p><blockquote>Form 公司首席执行官 Mateo Jaramillo 表示，Form 正准备很快投入生产 “完全淘汰煤炭和天然气等热能资产所需的电池 ”发电厂。</blockquote></p><p> On a recent tour of Form’s windowless laboratory, Mr. Jaramillo gestured to barrels filled with low-cost iron pellets as its key advantage in therapidly evolving battery space. Its prototype battery, nicknamed Big Jim, is filled with 18,000 pebble-size gray pieces of iron, an abundant, nontoxic and nonflammable mineral.</p><p><blockquote>在最近参观 Form 的无窗实验室时，Jaramillo 先生指出，装满低成本铁颗粒的桶是其在快速发展的电池领域的主要优势。它的原型电池被昵称为“大吉姆”，充满了 18,000 块鹅卵石大小的灰色铁，这是一种丰富、无毒且不易燃的矿物。</blockquote></p><p> For alithium-ion battery cell, the workhorse of electric vehicles and today’s grid-scale batteries, the nickel, cobalt, lithium and manganese minerals used currently cost between $50 and $80 per kilowatt-hour of storage, according to analysts.</p><p><blockquote>据分析师称，对于电动汽车和当今电网规模电池的主力锂离子电池单元，目前使用的镍、钴、锂和锰矿物的储能成本在每千瓦时 50 至 80 美元之间。</blockquote></p><p> Using iron, Form believes it will spend less than $6 per kilowatt-hour of storage on materials for each cell. Packaging the cells together into a full battery system will raise the price to less than $20 per kilowatt-hour, a level at which academics have said renewables plus storage could fully replace traditional fossil-fuel-burning power plants.</p><p><blockquote>Form 认为，使用铁，每个电池每千瓦时的材料存储成本将低于 6 美元。将电池组装成一个完整的电池系统将使价格提高到每千瓦时不到 20 美元，学者们表示，可再生能源加存储可以完全取代传统的化石燃料燃烧发电厂。</blockquote></p><p> A battery capable of cheaply discharging power for days has been a holy grail in the energy industry, due to the problem that it solves and the potential market it creates.</p><p><blockquote>由于它解决的问题和创造的潜在市场，能够连续几天廉价放电的电池一直是能源行业的圣杯。</blockquote></p><p> Regulators and power companies are under growing pressure to deliver affordable, reliable and carbon-free electricity, as countries world-wide seek to reduce the greenhouse-gas emissions linked to climate change. Most electricity generation delivers two out of three. A long-duration battery could enable renewable energy—wind and solar—to deliver all three.</p><p><blockquote>随着世界各国寻求减少与气候变化相关的温室气体排放，监管机构和电力公司面临着越来越大的压力，要求提供负担得起的、可靠的和无碳的电力。大多数发电厂提供三分之二的电力。长寿命电池可以使可再生能源（风能和太阳能）能够提供这三者。</blockquote></p><p> The Biden administration is pushing for a carbon-free power grid in the U.S. by 2035, and several states and electric utilities have similar pledges. There is widespread agreement that a combination of wind, solar, geothermal and nuclear power mixed with short-duration lithium-ion batteries can generate 80% of electricity. The final 20% will require some type of multiday storage.</p><p><blockquote>拜登政府正在推动到 2035 年在美国实现无碳电网，几个州和电力公司也做出了类似的承诺。人们普遍认为，风能、太阳能、地热能和核能与短寿命锂离子电池相结合可以产生 80% 的电力。最后20%将需要某种类型的多日存储。</blockquote></p><p> “That first 80% we know the technology pathway, and it is already cost competitive,” said Jeremiah Baumann, deputy chief of staff at the Energy Department. “We have a good sense of the technology for the final piece. The real question is which technology is going to get its cost down and get into the marketplace.”</p><p><blockquote>“能源部副参谋长耶利米-鲍曼（Jeremiah Baumann）说：”我们知道前 80% 的技术路线，而且它已经具有成本竞争力。“我们对最终产品的技术有很好的了解。真正的问题是，哪种技术能够降低成本并进入市场。”</blockquote></p><p> Form’s battery will compete with numerous other approaches in what is becoming a crowded space, as an array of startups race to develop more advanced, cost-effective energy-storage techniques.</p><p><blockquote>随着一系列初创公司竞相开发更先进、更具成本效益的储能技术，Form 的电池将在这个日益拥挤的领域与众多其他方法展开竞争。</blockquote></p><p> Several companies are heading to market with different battery configurations, such as solid-state designs. Some think pumped water storage or compressed air can be used more widely to bank energy. The European Union is pushing the use of hydrogen to store and generate power.</p><p><blockquote>几家公司正以不同的电池配置进入市场，例如固态设计。一些人认为抽水蓄水或压缩空气可以更广泛地用于储存能源。欧盟正在推动使用氢来储存和发电。</blockquote></p><p> Others, meanwhile, are focusing on carbon-capture technology to make gas- and coal-fired power plants emission-free, which would reduce the need for storing energy.</p><p><blockquote>与此同时，其他人则专注于碳捕获技术，使燃气和燃煤发电厂实现零排放，这将减少储存能源的需求。</blockquote></p><p> Form Energy’s iron-air battery breathes in oxygen and converts iron to rust, then turns the rust back into iron and breathes out oxygen, discharging and charging the battery in the process.</p><p><blockquote>Form Energy 的铁空气电池吸入氧气，将铁转化为铁锈，然后将铁锈转化为铁并呼出氧气，在此过程中对电池进行放电和充电。</blockquote></p><p> “There is a Cambrian explosion of new storage technologies and in a Darwinian sense, they are not all going to survive. But the prize is huge both for investors and for society,” says Ramez Naam, a clean-energy investor who isn’t involved with Form Energy.</p><p><blockquote>“新的存储技术出现了寒武纪大爆炸，从达尔文的意义上来说，它们并不是都能存活下来。但对投资者和社会来说，回报都是巨大的，”与 Form Energy 无关的清洁能源投资者拉梅兹-纳姆（Ramez Naam）说。</blockquote></p><p></p><p> Previous high-profile effortsto develop better batterieshave arced from hope and hype to bankruptcy. But since Form was created in 2017, it has attracted speculation and intrigue within the industry due to the track records of its founders. They include Mr. Jaramillo and Yet-Ming Chiang, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who co-founded A123 Systems Inc., a lithium-battery pioneer.</p><p><blockquote>以前备受瞩目的开发更好电池的努力从希望和炒作变成了破产。但自2017年Form创建以来，由于其创始人的过往记录，它吸引了业内的猜测和好奇。其中包括 Jaramillo 先生和麻省理工学院教授 Yet-Ming Chiang，后者是锂电池先驱 A123 Systems Inc. 的联合创始人。</blockquote></p><p> Mr. Jaramillo earned degrees in economics and a master’s degree from the Yale Divinity School before switching to a career developing new batteries. After more than seven years at Tesla, he left in 2016 to pursue what he called “The Next Thing” on his LinkedIn page. He didn’t provide any details, but he wanted to build an inexpensive battery for the grid. He was close to signing a funding sheet for a new company when Mr. Chiang called him.</p><p><blockquote>Jaramillo 先生在耶鲁大学神学院获得了经济学学位和硕士学位，之后转行从事开发新电池的职业。在特斯拉工作了七年多后，他于 2016 年离开，在自己的 LinkedIn 页面上追求他所谓的 “下一件事”。他没有提供任何细节，但他想为电网制造一种廉价的电池。蒋先生打电话给他时，他正要签署一家新公司的融资文件。</blockquote></p><p> Mr. Chiang arrived at MIT as an undergraduate and joined the faculty less than a decade later. He started working on a long-duration battery in 2012 as part of a Energy Department collaboration. In 2017, he was also working on long-duration batteries and he and Mr. Jaramillo decided to together create Form Energy.</p><p><blockquote>蒋先生本科时来到麻省理工学院，不到十年后就加入了学院。作为能源部合作的一部分，他于 2012 年开始研究长寿命电池。2017年，他还致力于长寿命电池，他和Jaramillo先生决定共同创建Form Energy。</blockquote></p><p> They recruited other battery-industry veterans. “The founding team has 100 years of battery experience,” says Mr. Chiang. “We’re the alumni of a generation of failed battery companies who all came back for more.”</p><p><blockquote>他们招募了其他电池行业的资深人士。“创始团队拥有 100 年的电池经验，”蒋先生说。“我们是一代失败的电池公司的校友，他们都回来了，想要更多”。</blockquote></p><p> In early 2018, they began small-scale tests, the Ph.D. material scientist’s version of a middle-school science fair’s potato battery, using small pieces of metal wrapped in hardware-store hose clamps at the bottom of translucent measuring cups. Form tested different configurations: sulfur-iron, sulfur-air, sulfur-manganese and iron-air. By the end of the year, iron-air looked the most promising.</p><p><blockquote>2018 年初，他们开始进行小规模测试，这是这位材料科学家博士对中学科学博览会土豆电池的版本，使用的是半透明量杯底部五金店软管夹包裹的小金属片。形成测试了不同的配置：硫化铁、硫空气、硫锰和铁空气。到年底，iron-air 看起来最有前途。</blockquote></p><p> In 2020, as work was moving quickly, Form caught a break. It needed a critical battery component called a cathode that was impermeable to water but breathed oxygen, like a Gore-Tex jacket. An Arizona battery company, NantEnergy Inc., had spent a decade building such a membrane for a zinc-air battery. Owner Patrick Soon-Shiong, a billionaire biotechnology entrepreneur who owns the Los Angeles Times, wound down operations last year to focus on other investments.</p><p><blockquote>2020年，随着工作进展迅速，Form遇到了突破。它需要一个关键的电池组件，称为阴极，这种阴极不透水，但可以呼吸氧气，就像戈尔特克斯夹克一样。亚利桑那州的一家电池公司NantEnergy Inc.花了十年时间为锌空气电池制造这种膜。所有者 Patrick Soon-Shiong 是一位亿万富翁生物技术企业家，拥有《洛杉矶时报》，他去年结束了业务，专注于其他投资。</blockquote></p><p> Form bought its patents as well as its inventory of thousands of cathodes, which sit in cardboard boxes in a corner of the company’s building. “Having this piece nailed down allowed us to hit the accelerator,” said Mr. Jaramillo.</p><p><blockquote>Form 购买了其专利和数千个阴极库存，这些阴极存放在公司大楼角落里的纸箱里。“Jaramillo 先生说：”把这一块钉住后，我们就可以踩下油门了。</blockquote></p><p> Late last summer, Form built a one-meter-tall (roughly 3.3-foot-tall) battery it called Slim Jim because it had the dimensions of a trash can of the same name. Earlier this year, it built Big Jim, a full-scale one-meter-by-one-meter battery cell. If it works as expected, 20 of these cells will be grouped in a battery. Thousands of these batteries will be strung together, filling entire warehouses and storing weeks’ worth of electricity. It could take days to fully charge these battery systems, but the batteries can discharge electricity for 150 hours at a stretch.</p><p><blockquote>去年夏末，Form 制造了一款一米高（约 3.3 英尺高）的电池，称之为 Slim Jim，因为它的尺寸与同名垃圾桶相当。今年早些时候，它制造了 Big Jim，这是一种全尺寸一米一米的电池单元。如果它按预期工作，20个这样的电池将被分组到一个电池中。成千上万块这样的电池将串联在一起，填满整个仓库，储存数周的电力。这些电池系统可能需要几天时间才能充满电，但电池可以连续放电 150 小时。</blockquote></p><p> In 2023, Form plans to deploy a one-megawatt battery capable of discharging continuously for more than six days and says it is in talks with several utilities about battery deployments.</p><p><blockquote>到 2023 年，Form 计划部署一块能够连续放电六天以上的 1 兆瓦电池，并表示正在与多家公用事业公司就电池部署进行谈判。</blockquote></p><p> Mr. Chiang, who is the company’s chief science officer, said the challenge was to figure out how to make a battery using iron, air and a water-based electrolyte.</p><p><blockquote>该公司首席科学官蒋先生说，挑战在于如何利用铁、空气和水基电解质制造电池。</blockquote></p><p> “Chefs will tell you it is harder to make an excellent dish with common ingredients,” he said.</p><p><blockquote>“他说：”厨师们会告诉你，用普通的食材做出一道美味佳肴更难。</blockquote></p><p></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Startup Claims Breakthrough in Long-Duration Batteries<blockquote>初创公司声称在长寿命电池领域取得突破</blockquote></title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nStartup Claims Breakthrough in Long-Duration Batteries<blockquote>初创公司声称在长寿命电池领域取得突破</blockquote>\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<p class=\"head\">\n<strong class=\"h-name small\">The Wall Street Journal</strong><span class=\"h-time small\">2021-07-22 21:21</span>\n</p>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p> <b>Form Energy’s iron-air batteries could have big ramifications for storing electricity on the power grid.</b> A four-year-old startup says it has built an inexpensive battery that can discharge power for days using one of the most common elements on Earth: iron.</p><p><blockquote><b>Form Energy 的铁空气电池将对电网储存电力产生重大影响。</b>一家成立四年的初创公司表示，它已经制造了一种廉价的电池，可以使用地球上最常见的元素之一——铁——放电数天。</blockquote></p><p> Form Energy Inc.’s batteries are far too heavy for electric cars. But it says they will be capable of solving one of the most elusive problems facing renewable energy: cheaply storing large amounts of electricity to power grids when the sun isn’t shining and wind isn’t blowing.</p><p><blockquote>Form Energy Inc. 的电池对于电动汽车来说太重了。但它表示，他们将能够解决可再生能源面临的最难以捉摸的问题之一：在没有阳光照耀、没有风吹的时候，以低廉的价格将大量电力储存到电网中。</blockquote></p><p> The work of the Somerville, Mass., company has long been shrouded in secrecy and nondisclosure agreements. It recently shared its progress with The Wall Street Journal, saying it wants to make regulators and utilities aware that if all continues to go according to plan, its iron-air batteries will be capable of affordable, long-duration power storage by 2025.</p><p><blockquote>马萨诸塞州萨默维尔的作品。公司长期以来一直被保密和保密协议所笼罩。该公司最近与《华尔街日报》分享了其进展，称希望让监管机构和公用事业公司意识到，如果一切继续按计划进行，到 2025 年，其铁空气电池将能够实现负担得起的长期储能。</blockquote></p><p> Its backers include Breakthrough Energy Ventures, a climate investment fund whose investors include Microsoft Corp. co-founder Bill Gates and Amazon.com Inc. founderJeff Bezos. Form recently initiated a $200 million funding round, led by a strategic investment from steelmaking giantArcelorMittalSA,MT4.27%one of the world’s leading iron-ore producers.</p><p><blockquote>其支持者包括气候投资基金 Breakthrough Energy Ventures，其投资者包括微软公司联合创始人比尔盖茨和亚马逊公司创始人杰夫贝索斯。Form 最近启动了一轮 2 亿美元的融资，由世界领先的铁矿石生产商之一钢铁巨头 CelorMittalSA 的战略投资牵头。</blockquote></p><p> Form is preparing to soon be in production of the “kind of battery you need to fully retire thermal assets like coal andnatural gas” power plants, said the company’s chief executive, Mateo Jaramillo, who developed Tesla Inc.’s Powerwall battery and worked on some of its earliest automotive powertrains.</p><p><blockquote>Form 公司首席执行官 Mateo Jaramillo 表示，Form 正准备很快投入生产 “完全淘汰煤炭和天然气等热能资产所需的电池 ”发电厂。</blockquote></p><p> On a recent tour of Form’s windowless laboratory, Mr. Jaramillo gestured to barrels filled with low-cost iron pellets as its key advantage in therapidly evolving battery space. Its prototype battery, nicknamed Big Jim, is filled with 18,000 pebble-size gray pieces of iron, an abundant, nontoxic and nonflammable mineral.</p><p><blockquote>在最近参观 Form 的无窗实验室时，Jaramillo 先生指出，装满低成本铁颗粒的桶是其在快速发展的电池领域的主要优势。它的原型电池被昵称为“大吉姆”，充满了 18,000 块鹅卵石大小的灰色铁，这是一种丰富、无毒且不易燃的矿物。</blockquote></p><p> For alithium-ion battery cell, the workhorse of electric vehicles and today’s grid-scale batteries, the nickel, cobalt, lithium and manganese minerals used currently cost between $50 and $80 per kilowatt-hour of storage, according to analysts.</p><p><blockquote>据分析师称，对于电动汽车和当今电网规模电池的主力锂离子电池单元，目前使用的镍、钴、锂和锰矿物的储能成本在每千瓦时 50 至 80 美元之间。</blockquote></p><p> Using iron, Form believes it will spend less than $6 per kilowatt-hour of storage on materials for each cell. Packaging the cells together into a full battery system will raise the price to less than $20 per kilowatt-hour, a level at which academics have said renewables plus storage could fully replace traditional fossil-fuel-burning power plants.</p><p><blockquote>Form 认为，使用铁，每个电池每千瓦时的材料存储成本将低于 6 美元。将电池组装成一个完整的电池系统将使价格提高到每千瓦时不到 20 美元，学者们表示，可再生能源加存储可以完全取代传统的化石燃料燃烧发电厂。</blockquote></p><p> A battery capable of cheaply discharging power for days has been a holy grail in the energy industry, due to the problem that it solves and the potential market it creates.</p><p><blockquote>由于它解决的问题和创造的潜在市场，能够连续几天廉价放电的电池一直是能源行业的圣杯。</blockquote></p><p> Regulators and power companies are under growing pressure to deliver affordable, reliable and carbon-free electricity, as countries world-wide seek to reduce the greenhouse-gas emissions linked to climate change. Most electricity generation delivers two out of three. A long-duration battery could enable renewable energy—wind and solar—to deliver all three.</p><p><blockquote>随着世界各国寻求减少与气候变化相关的温室气体排放，监管机构和电力公司面临着越来越大的压力，要求提供负担得起的、可靠的和无碳的电力。大多数发电厂提供三分之二的电力。长寿命电池可以使可再生能源（风能和太阳能）能够提供这三者。</blockquote></p><p> The Biden administration is pushing for a carbon-free power grid in the U.S. by 2035, and several states and electric utilities have similar pledges. There is widespread agreement that a combination of wind, solar, geothermal and nuclear power mixed with short-duration lithium-ion batteries can generate 80% of electricity. The final 20% will require some type of multiday storage.</p><p><blockquote>拜登政府正在推动到 2035 年在美国实现无碳电网，几个州和电力公司也做出了类似的承诺。人们普遍认为，风能、太阳能、地热能和核能与短寿命锂离子电池相结合可以产生 80% 的电力。最后20%将需要某种类型的多日存储。</blockquote></p><p> “That first 80% we know the technology pathway, and it is already cost competitive,” said Jeremiah Baumann, deputy chief of staff at the Energy Department. “We have a good sense of the technology for the final piece. The real question is which technology is going to get its cost down and get into the marketplace.”</p><p><blockquote>“能源部副参谋长耶利米-鲍曼（Jeremiah Baumann）说：”我们知道前 80% 的技术路线，而且它已经具有成本竞争力。“我们对最终产品的技术有很好的了解。真正的问题是，哪种技术能够降低成本并进入市场。”</blockquote></p><p> Form’s battery will compete with numerous other approaches in what is becoming a crowded space, as an array of startups race to develop more advanced, cost-effective energy-storage techniques.</p><p><blockquote>随着一系列初创公司竞相开发更先进、更具成本效益的储能技术，Form 的电池将在这个日益拥挤的领域与众多其他方法展开竞争。</blockquote></p><p> Several companies are heading to market with different battery configurations, such as solid-state designs. Some think pumped water storage or compressed air can be used more widely to bank energy. The European Union is pushing the use of hydrogen to store and generate power.</p><p><blockquote>几家公司正以不同的电池配置进入市场，例如固态设计。一些人认为抽水蓄水或压缩空气可以更广泛地用于储存能源。欧盟正在推动使用氢来储存和发电。</blockquote></p><p> Others, meanwhile, are focusing on carbon-capture technology to make gas- and coal-fired power plants emission-free, which would reduce the need for storing energy.</p><p><blockquote>与此同时，其他人则专注于碳捕获技术，使燃气和燃煤发电厂实现零排放，这将减少储存能源的需求。</blockquote></p><p> Form Energy’s iron-air battery breathes in oxygen and converts iron to rust, then turns the rust back into iron and breathes out oxygen, discharging and charging the battery in the process.</p><p><blockquote>Form Energy 的铁空气电池吸入氧气，将铁转化为铁锈，然后将铁锈转化为铁并呼出氧气，在此过程中对电池进行放电和充电。</blockquote></p><p> “There is a Cambrian explosion of new storage technologies and in a Darwinian sense, they are not all going to survive. But the prize is huge both for investors and for society,” says Ramez Naam, a clean-energy investor who isn’t involved with Form Energy.</p><p><blockquote>“新的存储技术出现了寒武纪大爆炸，从达尔文的意义上来说，它们并不是都能存活下来。但对投资者和社会来说，回报都是巨大的，”与 Form Energy 无关的清洁能源投资者拉梅兹-纳姆（Ramez Naam）说。</blockquote></p><p></p><p> Previous high-profile effortsto develop better batterieshave arced from hope and hype to bankruptcy. But since Form was created in 2017, it has attracted speculation and intrigue within the industry due to the track records of its founders. They include Mr. Jaramillo and Yet-Ming Chiang, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who co-founded A123 Systems Inc., a lithium-battery pioneer.</p><p><blockquote>以前备受瞩目的开发更好电池的努力从希望和炒作变成了破产。但自2017年Form创建以来，由于其创始人的过往记录，它吸引了业内的猜测和好奇。其中包括 Jaramillo 先生和麻省理工学院教授 Yet-Ming Chiang，后者是锂电池先驱 A123 Systems Inc. 的联合创始人。</blockquote></p><p> Mr. Jaramillo earned degrees in economics and a master’s degree from the Yale Divinity School before switching to a career developing new batteries. After more than seven years at Tesla, he left in 2016 to pursue what he called “The Next Thing” on his LinkedIn page. He didn’t provide any details, but he wanted to build an inexpensive battery for the grid. He was close to signing a funding sheet for a new company when Mr. Chiang called him.</p><p><blockquote>Jaramillo 先生在耶鲁大学神学院获得了经济学学位和硕士学位，之后转行从事开发新电池的职业。在特斯拉工作了七年多后，他于 2016 年离开，在自己的 LinkedIn 页面上追求他所谓的 “下一件事”。他没有提供任何细节，但他想为电网制造一种廉价的电池。蒋先生打电话给他时，他正要签署一家新公司的融资文件。</blockquote></p><p> Mr. Chiang arrived at MIT as an undergraduate and joined the faculty less than a decade later. He started working on a long-duration battery in 2012 as part of a Energy Department collaboration. In 2017, he was also working on long-duration batteries and he and Mr. Jaramillo decided to together create Form Energy.</p><p><blockquote>蒋先生本科时来到麻省理工学院，不到十年后就加入了学院。作为能源部合作的一部分，他于 2012 年开始研究长寿命电池。2017年，他还致力于长寿命电池，他和Jaramillo先生决定共同创建Form Energy。</blockquote></p><p> They recruited other battery-industry veterans. “The founding team has 100 years of battery experience,” says Mr. Chiang. “We’re the alumni of a generation of failed battery companies who all came back for more.”</p><p><blockquote>他们招募了其他电池行业的资深人士。“创始团队拥有 100 年的电池经验，”蒋先生说。“我们是一代失败的电池公司的校友，他们都回来了，想要更多”。</blockquote></p><p> In early 2018, they began small-scale tests, the Ph.D. material scientist’s version of a middle-school science fair’s potato battery, using small pieces of metal wrapped in hardware-store hose clamps at the bottom of translucent measuring cups. Form tested different configurations: sulfur-iron, sulfur-air, sulfur-manganese and iron-air. By the end of the year, iron-air looked the most promising.</p><p><blockquote>2018 年初，他们开始进行小规模测试，这是这位材料科学家博士对中学科学博览会土豆电池的版本，使用的是半透明量杯底部五金店软管夹包裹的小金属片。形成测试了不同的配置：硫化铁、硫空气、硫锰和铁空气。到年底，iron-air 看起来最有前途。</blockquote></p><p> In 2020, as work was moving quickly, Form caught a break. It needed a critical battery component called a cathode that was impermeable to water but breathed oxygen, like a Gore-Tex jacket. An Arizona battery company, NantEnergy Inc., had spent a decade building such a membrane for a zinc-air battery. Owner Patrick Soon-Shiong, a billionaire biotechnology entrepreneur who owns the Los Angeles Times, wound down operations last year to focus on other investments.</p><p><blockquote>2020年，随着工作进展迅速，Form遇到了突破。它需要一个关键的电池组件，称为阴极，这种阴极不透水，但可以呼吸氧气，就像戈尔特克斯夹克一样。亚利桑那州的一家电池公司NantEnergy Inc.花了十年时间为锌空气电池制造这种膜。所有者 Patrick Soon-Shiong 是一位亿万富翁生物技术企业家，拥有《洛杉矶时报》，他去年结束了业务，专注于其他投资。</blockquote></p><p> Form bought its patents as well as its inventory of thousands of cathodes, which sit in cardboard boxes in a corner of the company’s building. “Having this piece nailed down allowed us to hit the accelerator,” said Mr. Jaramillo.</p><p><blockquote>Form 购买了其专利和数千个阴极库存，这些阴极存放在公司大楼角落里的纸箱里。“Jaramillo 先生说：”把这一块钉住后，我们就可以踩下油门了。</blockquote></p><p> Late last summer, Form built a one-meter-tall (roughly 3.3-foot-tall) battery it called Slim Jim because it had the dimensions of a trash can of the same name. Earlier this year, it built Big Jim, a full-scale one-meter-by-one-meter battery cell. If it works as expected, 20 of these cells will be grouped in a battery. Thousands of these batteries will be strung together, filling entire warehouses and storing weeks’ worth of electricity. It could take days to fully charge these battery systems, but the batteries can discharge electricity for 150 hours at a stretch.</p><p><blockquote>去年夏末，Form 制造了一款一米高（约 3.3 英尺高）的电池，称之为 Slim Jim，因为它的尺寸与同名垃圾桶相当。今年早些时候，它制造了 Big Jim，这是一种全尺寸一米一米的电池单元。如果它按预期工作，20个这样的电池将被分组到一个电池中。成千上万块这样的电池将串联在一起，填满整个仓库，储存数周的电力。这些电池系统可能需要几天时间才能充满电，但电池可以连续放电 150 小时。</blockquote></p><p> In 2023, Form plans to deploy a one-megawatt battery capable of discharging continuously for more than six days and says it is in talks with several utilities about battery deployments.</p><p><blockquote>到 2023 年，Form 计划部署一块能够连续放电六天以上的 1 兆瓦电池，并表示正在与多家公用事业公司就电池部署进行谈判。</blockquote></p><p> Mr. Chiang, who is the company’s chief science officer, said the challenge was to figure out how to make a battery using iron, air and a water-based electrolyte.</p><p><blockquote>该公司首席科学官蒋先生说，挑战在于如何利用铁、空气和水基电解质制造电池。</blockquote></p><p> “Chefs will tell you it is harder to make an excellent dish with common ingredients,” he said.</p><p><blockquote>“他说：”厨师们会告诉你，用普通的食材做出一道美味佳肴更难。</blockquote></p><p></p>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n<p> 来源：<a href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/startup-claims-breakthrough-in-long-duration-batteries-11626946330?mod=hp_lead_pos7\">The Wall Street Journal</a></p>\n<p>为提升您的阅读体验，我们对本页面进行了排版优化</p>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.wsj.com/articles/startup-claims-breakthrough-in-long-duration-batteries-11626946330?mod=hp_lead_pos7","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1110204064","content_text":"Form Energy’s iron-air batteries could have big ramifications for storing electricity on the power grid.\n\nA four-year-old startup says it has built an inexpensive battery that can discharge power for days using one of the most common elements on Earth: iron.\nForm Energy Inc.’s batteries are far too heavy for electric cars. But it says they will be capable of solving one of the most elusive problems facing renewable energy: cheaply storing large amounts of electricity to power grids when the sun isn’t shining and wind isn’t blowing.\nThe work of the Somerville, Mass., company has long been shrouded in secrecy and nondisclosure agreements. It recently shared its progress with The Wall Street Journal, saying it wants to make regulators and utilities aware that if all continues to go according to plan, its iron-air batteries will be capable of affordable, long-duration power storage by 2025.\nIts backers include Breakthrough Energy Ventures, a climate investment fund whose investors include Microsoft Corp. co-founder Bill Gates and Amazon.com Inc. founderJeff Bezos. Form recently initiated a $200 million funding round, led by a strategic investment from steelmaking giantArcelorMittalSA,MT4.27%one of the world’s leading iron-ore producers.\nForm is preparing to soon be in production of the “kind of battery you need to fully retire thermal assets like coal andnatural gas” power plants, said the company’s chief executive, Mateo Jaramillo, who developed Tesla Inc.’s Powerwall battery and worked on some of its earliest automotive powertrains.\nOn a recent tour of Form’s windowless laboratory, Mr. Jaramillo gestured to barrels filled with low-cost iron pellets as its key advantage in therapidly evolving battery space. Its prototype battery, nicknamed Big Jim, is filled with 18,000 pebble-size gray pieces of iron, an abundant, nontoxic and nonflammable mineral.\nFor alithium-ion battery cell, the workhorse of electric vehicles and today’s grid-scale batteries, the nickel, cobalt, lithium and manganese minerals used currently cost between $50 and $80 per kilowatt-hour of storage, according to analysts.\nUsing iron, Form believes it will spend less than $6 per kilowatt-hour of storage on materials for each cell. Packaging the cells together into a full battery system will raise the price to less than $20 per kilowatt-hour, a level at which academics have said renewables plus storage could fully replace traditional fossil-fuel-burning power plants.\nA battery capable of cheaply discharging power for days has been a holy grail in the energy industry, due to the problem that it solves and the potential market it creates.\nRegulators and power companies are under growing pressure to deliver affordable, reliable and carbon-free electricity, as countries world-wide seek to reduce the greenhouse-gas emissions linked to climate change. Most electricity generation delivers two out of three. A long-duration battery could enable renewable energy—wind and solar—to deliver all three.\nThe Biden administration is pushing for a carbon-free power grid in the U.S. by 2035, and several states and electric utilities have similar pledges. There is widespread agreement that a combination of wind, solar, geothermal and nuclear power mixed with short-duration lithium-ion batteries can generate 80% of electricity. The final 20% will require some type of multiday storage.\n“That first 80% we know the technology pathway, and it is already cost competitive,” said Jeremiah Baumann, deputy chief of staff at the Energy Department. “We have a good sense of the technology for the final piece. The real question is which technology is going to get its cost down and get into the marketplace.”\nForm’s battery will compete with numerous other approaches in what is becoming a crowded space, as an array of startups race to develop more advanced, cost-effective energy-storage techniques.\nSeveral companies are heading to market with different battery configurations, such as solid-state designs. Some think pumped water storage or compressed air can be used more widely to bank energy. The European Union is pushing the use of hydrogen to store and generate power.\nOthers, meanwhile, are focusing on carbon-capture technology to make gas- and coal-fired power plants emission-free, which would reduce the need for storing energy.\nForm Energy’s iron-air battery breathes in oxygen and converts iron to rust, then turns the rust back into iron and breathes out oxygen, discharging and charging the battery in the process.\n“There is a Cambrian explosion of new storage technologies and in a Darwinian sense, they are not all going to survive. But the prize is huge both for investors and for society,” says Ramez Naam, a clean-energy investor who isn’t involved with Form Energy.\nPrevious high-profile effortsto develop better batterieshave arced from hope and hype to bankruptcy. But since Form was created in 2017, it has attracted speculation and intrigue within the industry due to the track records of its founders. They include Mr. Jaramillo and Yet-Ming Chiang, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who co-founded A123 Systems Inc., a lithium-battery pioneer.\nMr. Jaramillo earned degrees in economics and a master’s degree from the Yale Divinity School before switching to a career developing new batteries. After more than seven years at Tesla, he left in 2016 to pursue what he called “The Next Thing” on his LinkedIn page. He didn’t provide any details, but he wanted to build an inexpensive battery for the grid. He was close to signing a funding sheet for a new company when Mr. Chiang called him.\nMr. Chiang arrived at MIT as an undergraduate and joined the faculty less than a decade later. He started working on a long-duration battery in 2012 as part of a Energy Department collaboration. In 2017, he was also working on long-duration batteries and he and Mr. Jaramillo decided to together create Form Energy.\nThey recruited other battery-industry veterans. “The founding team has 100 years of battery experience,” says Mr. Chiang. “We’re the alumni of a generation of failed battery companies who all came back for more.”\nIn early 2018, they began small-scale tests, the Ph.D. material scientist’s version of a middle-school science fair’s potato battery, using small pieces of metal wrapped in hardware-store hose clamps at the bottom of translucent measuring cups. Form tested different configurations: sulfur-iron, sulfur-air, sulfur-manganese and iron-air. By the end of the year, iron-air looked the most promising.\nIn 2020, as work was moving quickly, Form caught a break. It needed a critical battery component called a cathode that was impermeable to water but breathed oxygen, like a Gore-Tex jacket. An Arizona battery company, NantEnergy Inc., had spent a decade building such a membrane for a zinc-air battery. Owner Patrick Soon-Shiong, a billionaire biotechnology entrepreneur who owns the Los Angeles Times, wound down operations last year to focus on other investments.\nForm bought its patents as well as its inventory of thousands of cathodes, which sit in cardboard boxes in a corner of the company’s building. “Having this piece nailed down allowed us to hit the accelerator,” said Mr. Jaramillo.\nLate last summer, Form built a one-meter-tall (roughly 3.3-foot-tall) battery it called Slim Jim because it had the dimensions of a trash can of the same name. Earlier this year, it built Big Jim, a full-scale one-meter-by-one-meter battery cell. If it works as expected, 20 of these cells will be grouped in a battery. Thousands of these batteries will be strung together, filling entire warehouses and storing weeks’ worth of electricity. It could take days to fully charge these battery systems, but the batteries can discharge electricity for 150 hours at a stretch.\nIn 2023, Form plans to deploy a one-megawatt battery capable of discharging continuously for more than six days and says it is in talks with several utilities about battery deployments.\nMr. Chiang, who is the company’s chief science officer, said the challenge was to figure out how to make a battery using iron, air and a water-based electrolyte.\n“Chefs will tell you it is harder to make an excellent dish with common ingredients,” he said.","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":472,"commentLimit":10,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"symbols":[],"verified":2,"subType":0,"readableState":1,"langContent":"EN","currentLanguage":"EN","warmUpFlag":false,"orderFlag":false,"shareable":true,"causeOfNotShareable":"","featuresForAnalytics":[],"commentAndTweetFlag":false,"andRepostAutoSelectedFlag":false,"upFlag":false,"length":14,"subscribersOnly":false,"subscribersOnlyAccessible":false,"xxTargetLangEnum":"ORIG"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"isTiger":false,"isWeiXinMini":false,"url":"/m/post/172270811"}
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