Although the market is over pr_老虎社区_美港股上老虎

2021-02-16

Although the market is over priced now, the overall market’s perception of value is uneven.

Where the Real Stock Market Bubble Is<blockquote>真正的股市泡沫在哪里</blockquote>

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{"i18n":{"language":"zh_CN"},"detailType":1,"isChannel":false,"data":{"magic":2,"id":382614795,"tweetId":"382614795","gmtCreate":1613441004417,"gmtModify":1631891655866,"author":{"id":3561757396404610,"idStr":"3561757396404610","authorId":3561757396404610,"authorIdStr":"3561757396404610","name":"IvanTeo","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/09ad7baf8f067a94c8d3f2222a521ef8","vip":1,"userType":1,"introduction":"","boolIsFan":false,"boolIsHead":false,"crmLevel":13,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[],"wearingBadges":[],"fanSize":2,"starInvestorFlag":false},"themes":[],"images":[],"coverImages":[],"title":"","extraTitle":"","html":"<html><head></head><body>Although the market is over priced now, the overall market’s perception of value is uneven.&nbsp;</body></html>","htmlText":"<html><head></head><body>Although the market is over priced now, the overall market’s perception of value is uneven.&nbsp;</body></html>","text":"Although the market is over priced now, the overall market’s perception of value is uneven.","highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"favoriteSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/382614795","repostId":1185344045,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1185344045","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1613440524,"share":"https://www.laohunote.com/m/news/1185344045?lang=zh_CN&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-02-16 09:55","market":"us","language":"en","title":"Where the Real Stock Market Bubble Is<blockquote>真正的股市泡沫在哪里</blockquote>","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1185344045","media":"Barrons","summary":"It is likely that the S&P 500 Technology Hardware, Storage & Peripherals indexis in a bubble at risk","content":"It is likely that the&nbsp;S&amp;P 500 Technology Hardware, Storage &amp; Peripherals indexis in a bubble at risk of bursting.<blockquote>标普500技术硬件、存储和外围设备指数很可能处于泡沫中，有破裂的风险。</blockquote>That’s the conclusion I draw from a study by three Harvard University researchers: Robin Greenwood, a finance and banking professor who chairs the institution’s Behavioral Finance and Financial Stability project; Andrei Shleifer, an economics professor; and Yang You, a Ph.D. candidate. In their study,“Bubbles for Fama,”published in the January 2019 issue of the Journal of Financial Economics, they analyzed U.S. stock market history back to 1926 in search of ways&nbsp;to forecast a bubble that was about to burst.<blockquote>这是我从哈佛大学三位研究人员的一项研究中得出的结论： 罗宾-格林伍德（Robin Greenwood）是一位金融和银行学教授，也是该机构行为金融和金融稳定项目的主席；安德烈·施莱弗，经济学教授；还有杨友，博士候选人。他们在 2019 年 1 月出版的《金融经济学杂志》（Journal of Financial Economics）上发表的研究报告《Fama 的泡沫》（Bubbles for Fama）中，分析了 1926 年以来的美国股市历史，以寻找预测即将破裂的泡沫的方法。</blockquote>Applying the formula the researchers derive, I calculate there is an 80% chance that the Technology Hardware, Storage &amp; Peripherals index will be 40% lower than today at some point in the next two years. Among some of the better-known firms in this industry are&nbsp;Apple(ticker: AAPL),Seagate Technology(STX), and&nbsp;Western Digital(WDC).<blockquote>应用研究人员得出的公式，我计算出在未来两年的某个时候，技术硬件、存储和外围设备指数有80%的可能性比现在低40%。该行业一些比较知名的公司包括苹果（股票代码：AAPL）、希捷科技（STX）和西部数据（WDC）。</blockquote>Though no other industries satisfy the researchers’ definition of a bubble, two others come close. They are also in the technology arena: Semiconductors and Semiconductor Equipment, and Software.<blockquote>虽然没有其他行业符合研究人员对泡沫的定义，但还有两个行业接近泡沫。他们也在技术领域：半导体和半导体设备，以及软件。</blockquote>Why focus on an industry that may be in a bubble, rather than the market as a whole? Prof. Greenwood toldBarron’sthat he and his fellow researchers learned from their study of the history of bubbles that they “rarely are marketwide” events. Far more common, he said, is for a bubble to manifest in certain pockets of the market even as other sectors remain undervalued.<blockquote>为什么要关注一个可能处于泡沫中的行业，而不是整个市场？格林伍德教授告诉巴伦他和他的研究伙伴们从对泡沫历史的研究中了解到，泡沫 “很少是市场范围内的 ”事件。他说，更常见的情况是，即使其他行业仍然被低估，泡沫也会在某些市场领域显现出来。</blockquote>This was certainly the case at the top ofthe dot-com bubble, the mother of all bubbles. Greenwood reminds us that, even as dot-com stocks soared to outrageous valuations in the late 1990s and early 2000, other sectors of the market—notably value stocks—were either fairly valued or even undervalued. Some of those other sectors actually gained ground during the bear market that accompanied the bursting of the dot-com bubble stocks.<blockquote>在互联网泡沫的顶端，所有泡沫之母，当然就是这种情况。格林伍德提醒我们，即使互联网股票在 20 世纪 90 年代末和 21 世纪初飙升至离谱的估值，市场的其他板块——尤其是价值股——要么估值合理，甚至被低估。在伴随互联网泡沫股票破裂的熊市中，其他一些行业实际上取得了进展。</blockquote>The researchers define a bubble to be any industry whose two-year return is at least 100 percentage points greater than the overall market’s. This is a high standard indeed—among all industries for which they had performance data between 1926 and 2016, just 40 satisfied the definition at any point over this 90-year period.<blockquote>研究人员将泡沫定义为两年回报率至少比整体市场高出 100 个百分点的任何行业。这确实是一个很高的标准——在他们拥有 1926 年至 2016 年间业绩数据的所有行业中，在这 90 年期间的任何时候，只有 40 个行业符合该定义。</blockquote>Not all bubbles burst, of course, and those that do don’t always burst right away. The researchers imposed a strict precondition here as well: Once an industry satisfied their definition of a bubble, they considered it to have burst if, within the subsequent two years, it lost at least 40% of its value. Of the 40 industries that satisfied the researchers’ definition of a bubble, 21—or 53%—burst.<blockquote>当然，并不是所有的泡沫都会破裂，而且那些会破裂的泡沫也不一定会马上破裂。研究人员还在这里提出了一个严格的前提条件：一旦一个行业满足了他们对泡沫的定义，如果在接下来的两年内，泡沫至少损失了40%，他们就认为泡沫已经破裂。在符合研究人员定义的 40 个行业中，有 21 个行业（即 53%）破裂。</blockquote>What this means, assuming the future is like the past: There’s a slightly better than one out of two chance that any industry that outperforms the market by 100 percentage points in any two-year period will lose 40% or more over the subsequent two years.<blockquote>假设未来和过去一样，这意味着什么： 任何在任何两年期间跑赢市场 100 个百分点的行业，在接下来的两年里，都有略高于二分之一的机会亏损 40% 或更多。</blockquote>The researchers also studied how the probabilities of a crash changed when they tightened or loosened their definition of a bubble. When they set the criterion to be just 50 percentage points ahead of the market, instead of 100, the odds of a crash fell to just 20%. When they tightened the criterion to 150 percentage points, the probabilities of a crash rose to 80%.<blockquote>研究人员还研究了当他们收紧或放松对泡沫的定义时，崩溃的概率是如何变化的。当他们将标准设定为仅领先市场 50 个百分点而不是 100 个百分点时，崩盘的几率就降至仅 20%。当他们将标准收紧到150个百分点时，崩溃的概率上升到80%。</blockquote>This latter probability is what applies to the Technology Hardware, Storage &amp; Peripherals index. Over the past two years, according to FactSet, it has outperformed the&nbsp;S&amp;P 500&nbsp;by 151 percentage points.<blockquote>后一种概率适用于技术硬件、存储和外围设备指数。根据 FactSet 的数据，过去两年，它的表现比标普500高出 151 个百分点。</blockquote>One is tempted to apply the professors’ formula to individual securities, as I myself have done in the past. In November 2017, for example, I used the formula to argue thatthe odds of Bitcoin crashingwere greater than 80%. It lost 67% over the next 12 months. I used the professors’ formulaonce again in February 2020to argue that the odds of&nbsp;Tesla(TSLA) crashing were 80%. The stock lost 59% over the next six weeks.<blockquote>人们倾向于将教授的公式应用于个别证券，就像我自己过去所做的那样。例如，2017 年 11 月，我用这个公式论证了比特币崩溃的几率大于 80%。在接下来的12个月里，它损失了67%。2020 年 2 月，我再次使用教授们的公式来论证特斯拉（TSLA）崩溃的几率为 80%。该股在接下来的六周内下跌了 59%。</blockquote>Since then, of course,TeslaandBitcoin have skyrocketed, as have any of a number of other highflying assets. Should I once again forecast that there is a high probability of their crashing, I asked Greenwood? He demurred, stressing that further research is needed into the various factors that affect the odds of an individual stock crashing.<blockquote>当然，从那时起，特斯拉和比特币就像许多其他飞速发展的资产一样暴涨。我是否应该再次预测他们坠毁的可能性很大，我问格林伍德？他表示反对，强调需要进一步研究影响个股崩盘几率的各种因素。</blockquote>Yet he added he believes that not only is the broad stock market overvalued, there are individual pockets of the market that are “incredibly frothy and bubbly.”<blockquote>但他补充说，他认为不仅整个股市被高估了，市场上的个别部分 “泡沫和泡沫令人难以置信”。</blockquote>","source":"lsy1601382232898","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Where the Real Stock Market Bubble Is<blockquote>真正的股市泡沫在哪里</blockquote></title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nWhere the Real Stock Market Bubble Is<blockquote>真正的股市泡沫在哪里</blockquote>\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\nBarrons2021-02-16 09:55\n\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\nIt is likely that the&nbsp;S&amp;P 500 Technology Hardware, Storage &amp; Peripherals indexis in a bubble at risk of bursting.<blockquote>标普500技术硬件、存储和外围设备指数很可能处于泡沫中，有破裂的风险。</blockquote>That’s the conclusion I draw from a study by three Harvard University researchers: Robin Greenwood, a finance and banking professor who chairs the institution’s Behavioral Finance and Financial Stability project; Andrei Shleifer, an economics professor; and Yang You, a Ph.D. candidate. In their study,“Bubbles for Fama,”published in the January 2019 issue of the Journal of Financial Economics, they analyzed U.S. stock market history back to 1926 in search of ways&nbsp;to forecast a bubble that was about to burst.<blockquote>这是我从哈佛大学三位研究人员的一项研究中得出的结论： 罗宾-格林伍德（Robin Greenwood）是一位金融和银行学教授，也是该机构行为金融和金融稳定项目的主席；安德烈·施莱弗，经济学教授；还有杨友，博士候选人。他们在 2019 年 1 月出版的《金融经济学杂志》（Journal of Financial Economics）上发表的研究报告《Fama 的泡沫》（Bubbles for Fama）中，分析了 1926 年以来的美国股市历史，以寻找预测即将破裂的泡沫的方法。</blockquote>Applying the formula the researchers derive, I calculate there is an 80% chance that the Technology Hardware, Storage &amp; Peripherals index will be 40% lower than today at some point in the next two years. Among some of the better-known firms in this industry are&nbsp;Apple(ticker: AAPL),Seagate Technology(STX), and&nbsp;Western Digital(WDC).<blockquote>应用研究人员得出的公式，我计算出在未来两年的某个时候，技术硬件、存储和外围设备指数有80%的可能性比现在低40%。该行业一些比较知名的公司包括苹果（股票代码：AAPL）、希捷科技（STX）和西部数据（WDC）。</blockquote>Though no other industries satisfy the researchers’ definition of a bubble, two others come close. They are also in the technology arena: Semiconductors and Semiconductor Equipment, and Software.<blockquote>虽然没有其他行业符合研究人员对泡沫的定义，但还有两个行业接近泡沫。他们也在技术领域：半导体和半导体设备，以及软件。</blockquote>Why focus on an industry that may be in a bubble, rather than the market as a whole? Prof. Greenwood toldBarron’sthat he and his fellow researchers learned from their study of the history of bubbles that they “rarely are marketwide” events. Far more common, he said, is for a bubble to manifest in certain pockets of the market even as other sectors remain undervalued.<blockquote>为什么要关注一个可能处于泡沫中的行业，而不是整个市场？格林伍德教授告诉巴伦他和他的研究伙伴们从对泡沫历史的研究中了解到，泡沫 “很少是市场范围内的 ”事件。他说，更常见的情况是，即使其他行业仍然被低估，泡沫也会在某些市场领域显现出来。</blockquote>This was certainly the case at the top ofthe dot-com bubble, the mother of all bubbles. Greenwood reminds us that, even as dot-com stocks soared to outrageous valuations in the late 1990s and early 2000, other sectors of the market—notably value stocks—were either fairly valued or even undervalued. Some of those other sectors actually gained ground during the bear market that accompanied the bursting of the dot-com bubble stocks.<blockquote>在互联网泡沫的顶端，所有泡沫之母，当然就是这种情况。格林伍德提醒我们，即使互联网股票在 20 世纪 90 年代末和 21 世纪初飙升至离谱的估值，市场的其他板块——尤其是价值股——要么估值合理，甚至被低估。在伴随互联网泡沫股票破裂的熊市中，其他一些行业实际上取得了进展。</blockquote>The researchers define a bubble to be any industry whose two-year return is at least 100 percentage points greater than the overall market’s. This is a high standard indeed—among all industries for which they had performance data between 1926 and 2016, just 40 satisfied the definition at any point over this 90-year period.<blockquote>研究人员将泡沫定义为两年回报率至少比整体市场高出 100 个百分点的任何行业。这确实是一个很高的标准——在他们拥有 1926 年至 2016 年间业绩数据的所有行业中，在这 90 年期间的任何时候，只有 40 个行业符合该定义。</blockquote>Not all bubbles burst, of course, and those that do don’t always burst right away. The researchers imposed a strict precondition here as well: Once an industry satisfied their definition of a bubble, they considered it to have burst if, within the subsequent two years, it lost at least 40% of its value. Of the 40 industries that satisfied the researchers’ definition of a bubble, 21—or 53%—burst.<blockquote>当然，并不是所有的泡沫都会破裂，而且那些会破裂的泡沫也不一定会马上破裂。研究人员还在这里提出了一个严格的前提条件：一旦一个行业满足了他们对泡沫的定义，如果在接下来的两年内，泡沫至少损失了40%，他们就认为泡沫已经破裂。在符合研究人员定义的 40 个行业中，有 21 个行业（即 53%）破裂。</blockquote>What this means, assuming the future is like the past: There’s a slightly better than one out of two chance that any industry that outperforms the market by 100 percentage points in any two-year period will lose 40% or more over the subsequent two years.<blockquote>假设未来和过去一样，这意味着什么： 任何在任何两年期间跑赢市场 100 个百分点的行业，在接下来的两年里，都有略高于二分之一的机会亏损 40% 或更多。</blockquote>The researchers also studied how the probabilities of a crash changed when they tightened or loosened their definition of a bubble. When they set the criterion to be just 50 percentage points ahead of the market, instead of 100, the odds of a crash fell to just 20%. When they tightened the criterion to 150 percentage points, the probabilities of a crash rose to 80%.<blockquote>研究人员还研究了当他们收紧或放松对泡沫的定义时，崩溃的概率是如何变化的。当他们将标准设定为仅领先市场 50 个百分点而不是 100 个百分点时，崩盘的几率就降至仅 20%。当他们将标准收紧到150个百分点时，崩溃的概率上升到80%。</blockquote>This latter probability is what applies to the Technology Hardware, Storage &amp; Peripherals index. Over the past two years, according to FactSet, it has outperformed the&nbsp;S&amp;P 500&nbsp;by 151 percentage points.<blockquote>后一种概率适用于技术硬件、存储和外围设备指数。根据 FactSet 的数据，过去两年，它的表现比标普500高出 151 个百分点。</blockquote>One is tempted to apply the professors’ formula to individual securities, as I myself have done in the past. In November 2017, for example, I used the formula to argue thatthe odds of Bitcoin crashingwere greater than 80%. It lost 67% over the next 12 months. I used the professors’ formulaonce again in February 2020to argue that the odds of&nbsp;Tesla(TSLA) crashing were 80%. The stock lost 59% over the next six weeks.<blockquote>人们倾向于将教授的公式应用于个别证券，就像我自己过去所做的那样。例如，2017 年 11 月，我用这个公式论证了比特币崩溃的几率大于 80%。在接下来的12个月里，它损失了67%。2020 年 2 月，我再次使用教授们的公式来论证特斯拉（TSLA）崩溃的几率为 80%。该股在接下来的六周内下跌了 59%。</blockquote>Since then, of course,TeslaandBitcoin have skyrocketed, as have any of a number of other highflying assets. Should I once again forecast that there is a high probability of their crashing, I asked Greenwood? He demurred, stressing that further research is needed into the various factors that affect the odds of an individual stock crashing.<blockquote>当然，从那时起，特斯拉和比特币就像许多其他飞速发展的资产一样暴涨。我是否应该再次预测他们坠毁的可能性很大，我问格林伍德？他表示反对，强调需要进一步研究影响个股崩盘几率的各种因素。</blockquote>Yet he added he believes that not only is the broad stock market overvalued, there are individual pockets of the market that are “incredibly frothy and bubbly.”<blockquote>但他补充说，他认为不仅整个股市被高估了，市场上的个别部分 “泡沫和泡沫令人难以置信”。</blockquote>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n 来源：<a href=\"https://www.barrons.com/articles/this-is-where-the-real-stock-market-bubble-is-51613388601?mod=hp_LEAD_1\">Barrons</a>\n为提升您的阅读体验，我们对本页面进行了排版优化\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{"TSLA":"特斯拉",".SPX":"S&P 500 Index","AAPL":"苹果",".DJI":"道琼斯","STX":"希捷科技",".IXIC":"NASDAQ Composite","WDC":"西部数据"},"source_url":"https://www.barrons.com/articles/this-is-where-the-real-stock-market-bubble-is-51613388601?mod=hp_LEAD_1","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1185344045","content_text":"It is likely that the S&P 500 Technology Hardware, Storage & Peripherals indexis in a bubble at risk of bursting.That’s the conclusion I draw from a study by three Harvard University researchers: Robin Greenwood, a finance and banking professor who chairs the institution’s Behavioral Finance and Financial Stability project; Andrei Shleifer, an economics professor; and Yang You, a Ph.D. candidate. In their study,“Bubbles for Fama,”published in the January 2019 issue of the Journal of Financial Economics, they analyzed U.S. stock market history back to 1926 in search of ways to forecast a bubble that was about to burst.Applying the formula the researchers derive, I calculate there is an 80% chance that the Technology Hardware, Storage & Peripherals index will be 40% lower than today at some point in the next two years. Among some of the better-known firms in this industry are Apple(ticker: AAPL),Seagate Technology(STX), and Western Digital(WDC).Though no other industries satisfy the researchers’ definition of a bubble, two others come close. They are also in the technology arena: Semiconductors and Semiconductor Equipment, and Software.Why focus on an industry that may be in a bubble, rather than the market as a whole? Prof. Greenwood toldBarron’sthat he and his fellow researchers learned from their study of the history of bubbles that they “rarely are marketwide” events. Far more common, he said, is for a bubble to manifest in certain pockets of the market even as other sectors remain undervalued.This was certainly the case at the top ofthe dot-com bubble, the mother of all bubbles. Greenwood reminds us that, even as dot-com stocks soared to outrageous valuations in the late 1990s and early 2000, other sectors of the market—notably value stocks—were either fairly valued or even undervalued. Some of those other sectors actually gained ground during the bear market that accompanied the bursting of the dot-com bubble stocks.The researchers define a bubble to be any industry whose two-year return is at least 100 percentage points greater than the overall market’s. This is a high standard indeed—among all industries for which they had performance data between 1926 and 2016, just 40 satisfied the definition at any point over this 90-year period.Not all bubbles burst, of course, and those that do don’t always burst right away. The researchers imposed a strict precondition here as well: Once an industry satisfied their definition of a bubble, they considered it to have burst if, within the subsequent two years, it lost at least 40% of its value. Of the 40 industries that satisfied the researchers’ definition of a bubble, 21—or 53%—burst.What this means, assuming the future is like the past: There’s a slightly better than one out of two chance that any industry that outperforms the market by 100 percentage points in any two-year period will lose 40% or more over the subsequent two years.The researchers also studied how the probabilities of a crash changed when they tightened or loosened their definition of a bubble. When they set the criterion to be just 50 percentage points ahead of the market, instead of 100, the odds of a crash fell to just 20%. When they tightened the criterion to 150 percentage points, the probabilities of a crash rose to 80%.This latter probability is what applies to the Technology Hardware, Storage & Peripherals index. Over the past two years, according to FactSet, it has outperformed the S&P 500 by 151 percentage points.One is tempted to apply the professors’ formula to individual securities, as I myself have done in the past. In November 2017, for example, I used the formula to argue thatthe odds of Bitcoin crashingwere greater than 80%. It lost 67% over the next 12 months. I used the professors’ formulaonce again in February 2020to argue that the odds of Tesla(TSLA) crashing were 80%. The stock lost 59% over the next six weeks.Since then, of course,TeslaandBitcoin have skyrocketed, as have any of a number of other highflying assets. Should I once again forecast that there is a high probability of their crashing, I asked Greenwood? He demurred, stressing that further research is needed into the various factors that affect the odds of an individual stock crashing.Yet he added he believes that not only is the broad stock market overvalued, there are individual pockets of the market that are “incredibly frothy and bubbly.”","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"AAPL":0.9,".DJI":0.9,"TSLA":0.9,".SPX":0.9,"WDC":0.9,".IXIC":0.9,"STX":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":2070,"commentLimit":10,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"symbols":[],"verified":2,"subType":0,"readableState":1,"langContent":"EN","currentLanguage":"EN","warmUpFlag":false,"orderFlag":false,"shareable":true,"causeOfNotShareable":"","featuresForAnalytics":[],"commentAndTweetFlag":false,"andRepostAutoSelectedFlag":false,"upFlag":false,"length":77,"subscribersOnly":false,"subscribersOnlyAccessible":false,"xxTargetLangEnum":"ORIG"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"isTiger":false,"isWeiXinMini":false,"url":"/m/post/382614795"}