StockWatcher
2021-09-07
Chip war
Chip prices set to rise into 2022 as TSMC hikes rates<blockquote>随着台积电加息，芯片价格将在2022年上涨</blockquote>
免责声明：上述内容仅代表发帖人个人观点，不构成本平台的任何投资建议。
分享至
微信
复制链接
精彩评论
我们需要你的真知灼见来填补这片空白
打开APP，发表看法
APP内打开
发表看法
2
{"i18n":{"language":"zh_CN"},"detailType":1,"isChannel":false,"data":{"magic":2,"id":817583910,"tweetId":"817583910","gmtCreate":1630975007730,"gmtModify":1631889863317,"author":{"id":3581565649060536,"idStr":"3581565649060536","authorId":3581565649060536,"authorIdStr":"3581565649060536","name":"StockWatcher","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/648f98c0d0a1e2a6bdf618a2b6cf1878","vip":1,"userType":1,"introduction":"","boolIsFan":false,"boolIsHead":false,"crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[],"fanSize":19,"starInvestorFlag":false},"themes":[],"images":[],"coverImages":[],"extraTitle":"","html":"<html><head></head><body><p>Chip war</p></body></html>","htmlText":"<html><head></head><body><p>Chip war</p></body></html>","text":"Chip war","highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"favoriteSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/817583910","repostId":1113754693,"repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1113754693","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1630974255,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1113754693?lang=zh_CN&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-09-07 08:24","market":"us","language":"en","title":"Chip prices set to rise into 2022 as TSMC hikes rates<blockquote>随着台积电加息，芯片价格将在2022年上涨</blockquote>","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1113754693","media":"Nikkei Asia","summary":"Semiconductor and electronics prices are set to rise absent major economic slowdowns\nTSMC's move to ","content":"<p>Semiconductor and electronics prices are set to rise absent major economic slowdowns</p><p><blockquote>如果经济没有重大放缓，半导体和电子产品价格将会上涨</blockquote></p><p> <p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9f6e7393360b1a36607fb16bb8d77f0a\" tg-width=\"1400\" tg-height=\"788\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"><span>TSMC's move to raise its fees for chip production services took many in the industry by surprise. © AFP/Jiji</span></p><p><blockquote><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><span>台积电提高芯片生产服务费用的举动让许多业内人士感到意外。©法新社/时事社</span></p></blockquote></p><p> TAIPEI/HSINCHU, Taiwan -- The price of chips -- and the electronic devices they power -- are on track to rise into 2022 as the world's biggest contract chipmaker joins its rivals in ramping up production fees.</p><p><blockquote>台湾台北/新竹——随着全球最大的合同芯片制造商与其竞争对手一起提高生产费用，芯片及其驱动的电子设备的价格有望在2022年上涨。</blockquote></p><p> Prices of semiconductors have been climbing since the last quarter of 2020 amid a global supply crunch. But news that Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. was preparing its biggest price hike in a decade still came as a shock to some, bringing home just how entrenched chip price inflation has become.</p><p><blockquote>自2020年最后一个季度以来，由于全球供应紧缩，半导体价格一直在攀升。但台积电公司准备进行十年来最大幅度提价的消息仍然让一些人感到震惊，让他们明白了芯片价格通胀已经变得多么根深蒂固。</blockquote></p><p> TSMC controls over half the global foundry market, making chips for the likes of Apple, Nvidia and Qualcomm. Known for its cutting-edge tech and high quality, the Taiwanese company normally commands production fees around 20% higher than its rivals, according to industry insiders.</p><p><blockquote>台积电控制着全球一半以上的代工市场，为苹果、英伟达和高通等公司生产芯片。据业内人士称，这家台湾公司以其尖端技术和高质量而闻名，其制作费通常比竞争对手高出20%左右。</blockquote></p><p> Since the end of last year, however, smaller foundries have repeatedly ramped up their own prices, so that United Microelectronics, the world's No. 3 player, now charges more than its bigger compatriot for some services, four industry executives told Nikkei Asia.</p><p><blockquote>然而，四位行业高管告诉《日经亚洲》，自去年年底以来，规模较小的代工厂一再提高价格，因此全球第三大制造商联华电子现在在某些服务上的收费高于其规模较大的同胞。</blockquote></p><p> These higher prices stem from a range of factors, including higher material and logistics costs as well as the race by device makers to secure adequate chip supplies, that have emerged since the chip shortage first began to bite late last year.</p><p><blockquote>这些较高的价格源于一系列因素，包括更高的材料和物流成本，以及设备制造商为确保充足的芯片供应而进行的竞赛，这些因素自去年年底芯片短缺首次开始蔓延以来就出现了。</blockquote></p><p> TSMC has been slower than most other chip companies in raising its prices, in part because it already enjoyed such a hefty premium. But with investment costs also rising -- the company has pledged $100 billion in spending over the next three years -- the chip giant felt compelled to pass on some of the burden, sources briefed on the matter said.</p><p><blockquote>台积电提价的速度慢于大多数其他芯片公司，部分原因是它已经享受了如此高的溢价。但知情人士称，随着投资成本也在上升——该公司已承诺在未来三年内支出1000亿美元——这家芯片巨头感到有必要转嫁部分负担。</blockquote></p><p> More urgently, industry sources say, the company is keen to weed out so-called double-booking, in which clients place orders for more chips than they actually need in hopes of securing production line space and support from contract chipmakers amid the global supply crunch. This, in turn, has made it difficult for TSMC to grasp the \"real demand\" picture, sources briefed on the matter told Nikkei.</p><p><blockquote>业内消息人士称，更紧迫的是，该公司热衷于消除所谓的重复预订，即客户订购的芯片数量超过了实际需求，希望在全球供应紧缩的情况下获得生产线空间和合同芯片制造商的支持。知情人士告诉《日经新闻》，这反过来又使台积电难以掌握“真实需求”情况。</blockquote></p><p> Client reactions to the planned price rise are mixed.</p><p><blockquote>客户对计划涨价的反应不一。</blockquote></p><p> \"We are glad that TSMC eventually adjusted prices so that it could fend off the practice of double-booking, when industry players race to secure enough chip production capacity during a shortage,\" K.S. Pua, chairman and CEO of Phison Electronics, told Nikkei. The leading NAND flash controller chip and solution provider is a client of both TSMC and UMC.</p><p><blockquote>“我们很高兴台积电最终调整了价格，以便在行业参与者在短缺期间竞相确保足够的芯片产能时避免重复预订的做法，”K.S.群联电子董事长兼首席执行官普阿告诉《日经新闻》。领先的NAND闪存控制器芯片和解决方案提供商是台积电和联电的客户。</blockquote></p><p> \"We are still short of supplies and want more chip capacity to support our growth for the second half of 2021,\" Pua said.</p><p><blockquote>Pua表示：“我们仍然供应短缺，需要更多芯片产能来支持我们2021年下半年的增长。”</blockquote></p><p> Phison raised its own chip prices around April this year to reflect the rising supply chain costs, and Pua said his company will have discussions with clients about further increases.</p><p><blockquote>群联在今年4月左右提高了自己的芯片价格，以反映供应链成本的上升，Pua表示，他的公司将与客户讨论进一步上涨的问题。</blockquote></p><p> Others, however, have expressed concern over whether they will be able to pass on these higher costs to customers.</p><p><blockquote>然而，其他人则担心他们是否能够将这些更高的成本转嫁给客户。</blockquote></p><p> \"We are all in a great shock and all of our account managers need to speak to our customers to see if we can renegotiate some of the contracts,\" a chip executive told Nikkei. \"We haven't seen TSMC introduce such a broad rate increase in over a decade.\"</p><p><blockquote>“我们都感到非常震惊，我们所有的客户经理都需要与客户交谈，看看我们是否可以重新谈判一些合同，”一位芯片高管告诉日经新闻。“我们已经十多年没有看到台积电推出如此广泛的加息了。”</blockquote></p><p> The impact of TSMC's price will be felt more obviously from next year, analysts say, as the company is still working through existing orders. Customers will also negotiate their own specific terms with TSMC before Oct. 1, when the price hikes officially take effect, they said.</p><p><blockquote>分析师表示，从明年开始，台积电价格的影响将更加明显，因为该公司仍在处理现有订单。他们表示，客户还将在10月1日提价正式生效之前与台积电协商自己的具体条款。</blockquote></p><p> Overall chip prices, however, have already surged.</p><p><blockquote>然而，整体芯片价格已经飙升。</blockquote></p><p> According to Dale Gai, research director of Counterpoint Research, chip developers are paying 40% higher production fees for legacy chips that are in the shortest supply.</p><p><blockquote>根据Counterpoint Research的研究主管Dale Gai的说法，芯片开发商正在为供应最短缺的传统芯片支付40%的生产费用。</blockquote></p><p> <img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/201b6c1300dd3cb3b2a783df4cf2a849\" tg-width=\"770\" tg-height=\"788\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p><blockquote></blockquote></p><p> Electronics makers, meanwhile, face even steeper increases as they try to source enough chips to complete their devices. The price of some microcontroller chips, for example, has jumped from $0.20 each to more than $1, supply chain executives and distributors told Nikkei -- a 400% increase in less than a year.</p><p><blockquote>与此同时，电子产品制造商面临着更大的增长，因为他们试图采购足够的芯片来完成他们的设备。例如，供应链高管和分销商告诉《日经新闻》，一些微控制器芯片的价格已从每个0.20美元跃升至1美元以上，在不到一年的时间里上涨了400%。</blockquote></p><p> The reason is that these chips, while not necessarily the most important part of a smartphone or server, are still essential and not easily replaced. Such chips can also be stockpiled more easily than, say, CPUs, which quickly become obsolete, so anyone who has extra inventory can name their price if they find a buyer in need.</p><p><blockquote>原因是这些芯片虽然不一定是智能手机或服务器最重要的部分，但仍然是必不可少的，不容易更换。这种芯片也比CPU更容易储存，CPU很快就会过时，所以任何有额外库存的人都可以在找到有需要的买家时说出价格。</blockquote></p><p></p><p> Prices have risen in just about every step of the chip supply chain, from basic materials to chip packing and testing services -- the last step before chips are mounted on printed circuit boards.</p><p><blockquote>从基础材料到芯片封装和测试服务——芯片安装到印刷电路板前的最后一步——芯片供应链的几乎每一步的价格都在上涨。</blockquote></p><p> For top chip developers that outsource production -- namely Qualcomm, Nvidia, MediaTek and Advanced Micro Devices -- this translated to an increase in \"cost of sales\" in 2020, according to a Nikkei analysis. Defined as the total cost of production, materials and delivery of goods, cost of sales continued to surge in the first half of 2021.</p><p><blockquote>根据日经新闻的分析，对于外包生产的顶级芯片开发商——即高通、英伟达、联发科和Advanced Micro Devices——来说，这意味着2020年“销售成本”的增加。销售成本定义为生产、材料和货物交付的总成本，在2021年上半年继续飙升。</blockquote></p><p> Mobile chip giant Qualcomm's accumulated cost of sales from last October until June this year jumped nearly 60% on the year, while that of MediaTek, its key Asia rival, increased more than 64% for the same period. Both Qualcomm and MediaTek's revenue surged even more during the period, however, indicating they have adjusted the selling prices of their chips, which are used by the world's major smartphone makers.</p><p><blockquote>移动芯片巨头高通从去年10月到今年6月的累计销售成本同比增长近60%，而其亚洲主要竞争对手联发科同期增长超过64%。然而，高通和联发科的收入在此期间飙升更多，这表明它们已经调整了全球主要智能手机制造商使用的芯片的售价。</blockquote></p><p> Industry players and analysts predict strong chip demand -- and thus higher prices -- to continue into next year.</p><p><blockquote>业内人士和分析师预测，强劲的芯片需求——从而导致价格上涨——将持续到明年。</blockquote></p><p> Doris Hsu, chair and CEO of Globalwafers, the world's third-largest wafer material maker, said the price of wafers -- the essential substrate that all chips are fabricated on -- is set to go up.</p><p><blockquote>全球第三大晶圆材料制造商Globalwafers董事长兼首席执行官Doris Hsu表示，晶圆（制造所有芯片的基本基板）的价格将会上涨。</blockquote></p><p> \"Materials and chemicals used in production and transportation logistics costs are all on the rise,\" Hsu said. \"That means we have to adjust the selling price of our wafers, otherwise our profit margin could be affected.\"</p><p><blockquote>“生产中使用的材料和化学品以及运输物流成本都在上升，”Hsu说。“这意味着我们必须调整晶圆的售价，否则我们的利润率可能会受到影响。”</blockquote></p><p> Peter Hanbury, a partner specializing in chip and tech supply chain at Bain & Co., told Nikkei chip prices will likely rise into next year due to the time it takes to expand production capacity.</p><p><blockquote>贝恩公司专门研究芯片和技术供应链的合伙人彼得·汉伯里告诉《日经新闻》，由于扩大产能需要时间，芯片价格可能会在明年上涨。</blockquote></p><p> Chip developers such as Qualcomm, NXP and Nvidia, he added, will likely negotiate to pass these price increases onto their own customers -- namely device makers and electronics builders such as Apple, Samsung, Xiaomi, HP, Dell and Ford.</p><p><blockquote>他补充说，高通、恩智浦和英伟达等芯片开发商可能会通过谈判将这些价格上涨转嫁给自己的客户，即苹果、三星、小米、惠普、戴尔和福特等设备制造商和电子产品制造商。</blockquote></p><p> \"[For] products like smartphones and PCs, the price increases will be more noticeable, while for other devices with limited semiconductor content you may not even notice,\" Hanbury said, referring to the retail prices.</p><p><blockquote>“对于智能手机和个人电脑等产品，价格上涨将更加明显，而对于其他半导体含量有限的设备，你甚至可能不会注意到，”汉伯里在谈到零售价格时表示。</blockquote></p><p> Gai, of Counterpoint Research, said the rising cost of chips may even impact smartphone makers' business strategies.</p><p><blockquote>Counterpoint Research的Gai表示，芯片成本的上升甚至可能影响智能手机制造商的商业战略。</blockquote></p><p> \"The net profit margin for smartphone makers excluding Apple is only about 5% to 10%. In that case, the rising chip costs will definitely push all the industry players to roll out higher-end handset models for next year to offset the cost impacts rather than focus on midrange or lower-end phones,\" he said.</p><p><blockquote>“不包括苹果在内的智能手机制造商的净利润率只有5%至10%左右。在这种情况下，芯片成本的上升肯定会推动所有行业参与者在明年推出更高端的手机型号，以抵消成本影响，而不是专注于中端或低端手机，”他说。</blockquote></p><p> Meanwhile, the race to develop cutting-edge technologies is also expected to keep chip prices high for the long term, particularly the more advanced offerings.</p><p><blockquote>与此同时，开发尖端技术的竞赛预计也将使芯片价格长期保持高位，尤其是更先进的产品。</blockquote></p><p> \"Advanced chip production, such as 7-nanometer, 5-nanometer and future 3-nanometer, is extremely expensive,\" Mark Li, a veteran semiconductor analyst with Sanford C. Bernstein, told Nikkei. \"Only TSMC, Samsung and Intel could afford the investment. I am not going to say those advanced chip prices will never fall, but it's not easy for them to go down much given the scale of the investment,\" Li said.</p><p><blockquote>Sanford C.Bernstein资深半导体分析师Mark Li告诉《日经新闻》：“先进的芯片生产，例如7纳米、5纳米和未来的3纳米，成本极其昂贵。”“只有台积电、三星和英特尔有能力承担这项投资。我不会说这些先进芯片的价格永远不会下降，但考虑到投资规模，它们不容易下降太多，”李说。</blockquote></p><p> For smaller players and for more mature production technology, Li said the market \"could be more volatile once there is an economic slowdown. The correction could be quite substantial and quick, too.\"</p><p><blockquote>李表示，对于规模较小的企业和生产技术更成熟的企业，“一旦经济放缓，市场可能会更加波动。调整也可能相当大且迅速。”</blockquote></p><p> Li said the most important factor in determining prices, however, is the same as always: demand.</p><p><blockquote>李说，然而，决定价格的最重要因素一如既往：需求。</blockquote></p><p> \"Chip plants operate like airlines. Airlines must shoulder fixed costs even if there are only one or two passengers on board. Chipmaking plants are the same. If the demand slows, they have to lower prices to lure more clients and maintain utilization rates.\"</p><p><blockquote>“芯片厂的运营就像航空公司，即使机上只有一两名乘客，航空公司也要承担固定成本。芯片制造厂也一样，如果需求放缓，就不得不降低价格来吸引更多客户，维持利用率。”</blockquote></p><p> TSMC told Nikkei that it will not comment on pricing adjustment but referred to CEO C.C. Wei's statement during an earnings briefing in July, when he said, \"TSMC's pricing strategy is strategic, not opportunistic. At the same time, we face manufacturing cost challenges due to increasing process complexity at leading node, new investment in mature nodes, expansion of our global manufacturing footprint and rising materials and basic commodities cost. Therefore, we are firming up our wafer pricing.\"</p><p><blockquote>台积电告诉日经新闻，不会对定价调整发表评论，但提到了首席执行官C.C.魏在7月份的财报简报会上表示，“台积电的定价策略是战略性的，而不是机会主义的。与此同时，由于领先节点的工艺复杂性增加、成熟节点的新投资、全球制造足迹的扩大以及材料和基本商品成本的上涨，我们面临制造成本挑战。因此，我们正在坚定我们的晶圆定价。”</blockquote></p><p></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Chip prices set to rise into 2022 as TSMC hikes rates<blockquote>随着台积电加息，芯片价格将在2022年上涨</blockquote></title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nChip prices set to rise into 2022 as TSMC hikes rates<blockquote>随着台积电加息，芯片价格将在2022年上涨</blockquote>\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<p class=\"head\">\n<strong class=\"h-name small\">Nikkei Asia</strong><span class=\"h-time small\">2021-09-07 08:24</span>\n</p>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p>Semiconductor and electronics prices are set to rise absent major economic slowdowns</p><p><blockquote>如果经济没有重大放缓，半导体和电子产品价格将会上涨</blockquote></p><p> <p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9f6e7393360b1a36607fb16bb8d77f0a\" tg-width=\"1400\" tg-height=\"788\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"><span>TSMC's move to raise its fees for chip production services took many in the industry by surprise. © AFP/Jiji</span></p><p><blockquote><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><span>台积电提高芯片生产服务费用的举动让许多业内人士感到意外。©法新社/时事社</span></p></blockquote></p><p> TAIPEI/HSINCHU, Taiwan -- The price of chips -- and the electronic devices they power -- are on track to rise into 2022 as the world's biggest contract chipmaker joins its rivals in ramping up production fees.</p><p><blockquote>台湾台北/新竹——随着全球最大的合同芯片制造商与其竞争对手一起提高生产费用，芯片及其驱动的电子设备的价格有望在2022年上涨。</blockquote></p><p> Prices of semiconductors have been climbing since the last quarter of 2020 amid a global supply crunch. But news that Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. was preparing its biggest price hike in a decade still came as a shock to some, bringing home just how entrenched chip price inflation has become.</p><p><blockquote>自2020年最后一个季度以来，由于全球供应紧缩，半导体价格一直在攀升。但台积电公司准备进行十年来最大幅度提价的消息仍然让一些人感到震惊，让他们明白了芯片价格通胀已经变得多么根深蒂固。</blockquote></p><p> TSMC controls over half the global foundry market, making chips for the likes of Apple, Nvidia and Qualcomm. Known for its cutting-edge tech and high quality, the Taiwanese company normally commands production fees around 20% higher than its rivals, according to industry insiders.</p><p><blockquote>台积电控制着全球一半以上的代工市场，为苹果、英伟达和高通等公司生产芯片。据业内人士称，这家台湾公司以其尖端技术和高质量而闻名，其制作费通常比竞争对手高出20%左右。</blockquote></p><p> Since the end of last year, however, smaller foundries have repeatedly ramped up their own prices, so that United Microelectronics, the world's No. 3 player, now charges more than its bigger compatriot for some services, four industry executives told Nikkei Asia.</p><p><blockquote>然而，四位行业高管告诉《日经亚洲》，自去年年底以来，规模较小的代工厂一再提高价格，因此全球第三大制造商联华电子现在在某些服务上的收费高于其规模较大的同胞。</blockquote></p><p> These higher prices stem from a range of factors, including higher material and logistics costs as well as the race by device makers to secure adequate chip supplies, that have emerged since the chip shortage first began to bite late last year.</p><p><blockquote>这些较高的价格源于一系列因素，包括更高的材料和物流成本，以及设备制造商为确保充足的芯片供应而进行的竞赛，这些因素自去年年底芯片短缺首次开始蔓延以来就出现了。</blockquote></p><p> TSMC has been slower than most other chip companies in raising its prices, in part because it already enjoyed such a hefty premium. But with investment costs also rising -- the company has pledged $100 billion in spending over the next three years -- the chip giant felt compelled to pass on some of the burden, sources briefed on the matter said.</p><p><blockquote>台积电提价的速度慢于大多数其他芯片公司，部分原因是它已经享受了如此高的溢价。但知情人士称，随着投资成本也在上升——该公司已承诺在未来三年内支出1000亿美元——这家芯片巨头感到有必要转嫁部分负担。</blockquote></p><p> More urgently, industry sources say, the company is keen to weed out so-called double-booking, in which clients place orders for more chips than they actually need in hopes of securing production line space and support from contract chipmakers amid the global supply crunch. This, in turn, has made it difficult for TSMC to grasp the \"real demand\" picture, sources briefed on the matter told Nikkei.</p><p><blockquote>业内消息人士称，更紧迫的是，该公司热衷于消除所谓的重复预订，即客户订购的芯片数量超过了实际需求，希望在全球供应紧缩的情况下获得生产线空间和合同芯片制造商的支持。知情人士告诉《日经新闻》，这反过来又使台积电难以掌握“真实需求”情况。</blockquote></p><p> Client reactions to the planned price rise are mixed.</p><p><blockquote>客户对计划涨价的反应不一。</blockquote></p><p> \"We are glad that TSMC eventually adjusted prices so that it could fend off the practice of double-booking, when industry players race to secure enough chip production capacity during a shortage,\" K.S. Pua, chairman and CEO of Phison Electronics, told Nikkei. The leading NAND flash controller chip and solution provider is a client of both TSMC and UMC.</p><p><blockquote>“我们很高兴台积电最终调整了价格，以便在行业参与者在短缺期间竞相确保足够的芯片产能时避免重复预订的做法，”K.S.群联电子董事长兼首席执行官普阿告诉《日经新闻》。领先的NAND闪存控制器芯片和解决方案提供商是台积电和联电的客户。</blockquote></p><p> \"We are still short of supplies and want more chip capacity to support our growth for the second half of 2021,\" Pua said.</p><p><blockquote>Pua表示：“我们仍然供应短缺，需要更多芯片产能来支持我们2021年下半年的增长。”</blockquote></p><p> Phison raised its own chip prices around April this year to reflect the rising supply chain costs, and Pua said his company will have discussions with clients about further increases.</p><p><blockquote>群联在今年4月左右提高了自己的芯片价格，以反映供应链成本的上升，Pua表示，他的公司将与客户讨论进一步上涨的问题。</blockquote></p><p> Others, however, have expressed concern over whether they will be able to pass on these higher costs to customers.</p><p><blockquote>然而，其他人则担心他们是否能够将这些更高的成本转嫁给客户。</blockquote></p><p> \"We are all in a great shock and all of our account managers need to speak to our customers to see if we can renegotiate some of the contracts,\" a chip executive told Nikkei. \"We haven't seen TSMC introduce such a broad rate increase in over a decade.\"</p><p><blockquote>“我们都感到非常震惊，我们所有的客户经理都需要与客户交谈，看看我们是否可以重新谈判一些合同，”一位芯片高管告诉日经新闻。“我们已经十多年没有看到台积电推出如此广泛的加息了。”</blockquote></p><p> The impact of TSMC's price will be felt more obviously from next year, analysts say, as the company is still working through existing orders. Customers will also negotiate their own specific terms with TSMC before Oct. 1, when the price hikes officially take effect, they said.</p><p><blockquote>分析师表示，从明年开始，台积电价格的影响将更加明显，因为该公司仍在处理现有订单。他们表示，客户还将在10月1日提价正式生效之前与台积电协商自己的具体条款。</blockquote></p><p> Overall chip prices, however, have already surged.</p><p><blockquote>然而，整体芯片价格已经飙升。</blockquote></p><p> According to Dale Gai, research director of Counterpoint Research, chip developers are paying 40% higher production fees for legacy chips that are in the shortest supply.</p><p><blockquote>根据Counterpoint Research的研究主管Dale Gai的说法，芯片开发商正在为供应最短缺的传统芯片支付40%的生产费用。</blockquote></p><p> <img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/201b6c1300dd3cb3b2a783df4cf2a849\" tg-width=\"770\" tg-height=\"788\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p><blockquote></blockquote></p><p> Electronics makers, meanwhile, face even steeper increases as they try to source enough chips to complete their devices. The price of some microcontroller chips, for example, has jumped from $0.20 each to more than $1, supply chain executives and distributors told Nikkei -- a 400% increase in less than a year.</p><p><blockquote>与此同时，电子产品制造商面临着更大的增长，因为他们试图采购足够的芯片来完成他们的设备。例如，供应链高管和分销商告诉《日经新闻》，一些微控制器芯片的价格已从每个0.20美元跃升至1美元以上，在不到一年的时间里上涨了400%。</blockquote></p><p> The reason is that these chips, while not necessarily the most important part of a smartphone or server, are still essential and not easily replaced. Such chips can also be stockpiled more easily than, say, CPUs, which quickly become obsolete, so anyone who has extra inventory can name their price if they find a buyer in need.</p><p><blockquote>原因是这些芯片虽然不一定是智能手机或服务器最重要的部分，但仍然是必不可少的，不容易更换。这种芯片也比CPU更容易储存，CPU很快就会过时，所以任何有额外库存的人都可以在找到有需要的买家时说出价格。</blockquote></p><p></p><p> Prices have risen in just about every step of the chip supply chain, from basic materials to chip packing and testing services -- the last step before chips are mounted on printed circuit boards.</p><p><blockquote>从基础材料到芯片封装和测试服务——芯片安装到印刷电路板前的最后一步——芯片供应链的几乎每一步的价格都在上涨。</blockquote></p><p> For top chip developers that outsource production -- namely Qualcomm, Nvidia, MediaTek and Advanced Micro Devices -- this translated to an increase in \"cost of sales\" in 2020, according to a Nikkei analysis. Defined as the total cost of production, materials and delivery of goods, cost of sales continued to surge in the first half of 2021.</p><p><blockquote>根据日经新闻的分析，对于外包生产的顶级芯片开发商——即高通、英伟达、联发科和Advanced Micro Devices——来说，这意味着2020年“销售成本”的增加。销售成本定义为生产、材料和货物交付的总成本，在2021年上半年继续飙升。</blockquote></p><p> Mobile chip giant Qualcomm's accumulated cost of sales from last October until June this year jumped nearly 60% on the year, while that of MediaTek, its key Asia rival, increased more than 64% for the same period. Both Qualcomm and MediaTek's revenue surged even more during the period, however, indicating they have adjusted the selling prices of their chips, which are used by the world's major smartphone makers.</p><p><blockquote>移动芯片巨头高通从去年10月到今年6月的累计销售成本同比增长近60%，而其亚洲主要竞争对手联发科同期增长超过64%。然而，高通和联发科的收入在此期间飙升更多，这表明它们已经调整了全球主要智能手机制造商使用的芯片的售价。</blockquote></p><p> Industry players and analysts predict strong chip demand -- and thus higher prices -- to continue into next year.</p><p><blockquote>业内人士和分析师预测，强劲的芯片需求——从而导致价格上涨——将持续到明年。</blockquote></p><p> Doris Hsu, chair and CEO of Globalwafers, the world's third-largest wafer material maker, said the price of wafers -- the essential substrate that all chips are fabricated on -- is set to go up.</p><p><blockquote>全球第三大晶圆材料制造商Globalwafers董事长兼首席执行官Doris Hsu表示，晶圆（制造所有芯片的基本基板）的价格将会上涨。</blockquote></p><p> \"Materials and chemicals used in production and transportation logistics costs are all on the rise,\" Hsu said. \"That means we have to adjust the selling price of our wafers, otherwise our profit margin could be affected.\"</p><p><blockquote>“生产中使用的材料和化学品以及运输物流成本都在上升，”Hsu说。“这意味着我们必须调整晶圆的售价，否则我们的利润率可能会受到影响。”</blockquote></p><p> Peter Hanbury, a partner specializing in chip and tech supply chain at Bain & Co., told Nikkei chip prices will likely rise into next year due to the time it takes to expand production capacity.</p><p><blockquote>贝恩公司专门研究芯片和技术供应链的合伙人彼得·汉伯里告诉《日经新闻》，由于扩大产能需要时间，芯片价格可能会在明年上涨。</blockquote></p><p> Chip developers such as Qualcomm, NXP and Nvidia, he added, will likely negotiate to pass these price increases onto their own customers -- namely device makers and electronics builders such as Apple, Samsung, Xiaomi, HP, Dell and Ford.</p><p><blockquote>他补充说，高通、恩智浦和英伟达等芯片开发商可能会通过谈判将这些价格上涨转嫁给自己的客户，即苹果、三星、小米、惠普、戴尔和福特等设备制造商和电子产品制造商。</blockquote></p><p> \"[For] products like smartphones and PCs, the price increases will be more noticeable, while for other devices with limited semiconductor content you may not even notice,\" Hanbury said, referring to the retail prices.</p><p><blockquote>“对于智能手机和个人电脑等产品，价格上涨将更加明显，而对于其他半导体含量有限的设备，你甚至可能不会注意到，”汉伯里在谈到零售价格时表示。</blockquote></p><p> Gai, of Counterpoint Research, said the rising cost of chips may even impact smartphone makers' business strategies.</p><p><blockquote>Counterpoint Research的Gai表示，芯片成本的上升甚至可能影响智能手机制造商的商业战略。</blockquote></p><p> \"The net profit margin for smartphone makers excluding Apple is only about 5% to 10%. In that case, the rising chip costs will definitely push all the industry players to roll out higher-end handset models for next year to offset the cost impacts rather than focus on midrange or lower-end phones,\" he said.</p><p><blockquote>“不包括苹果在内的智能手机制造商的净利润率只有5%至10%左右。在这种情况下，芯片成本的上升肯定会推动所有行业参与者在明年推出更高端的手机型号，以抵消成本影响，而不是专注于中端或低端手机，”他说。</blockquote></p><p> Meanwhile, the race to develop cutting-edge technologies is also expected to keep chip prices high for the long term, particularly the more advanced offerings.</p><p><blockquote>与此同时，开发尖端技术的竞赛预计也将使芯片价格长期保持高位，尤其是更先进的产品。</blockquote></p><p> \"Advanced chip production, such as 7-nanometer, 5-nanometer and future 3-nanometer, is extremely expensive,\" Mark Li, a veteran semiconductor analyst with Sanford C. Bernstein, told Nikkei. \"Only TSMC, Samsung and Intel could afford the investment. I am not going to say those advanced chip prices will never fall, but it's not easy for them to go down much given the scale of the investment,\" Li said.</p><p><blockquote>Sanford C.Bernstein资深半导体分析师Mark Li告诉《日经新闻》：“先进的芯片生产，例如7纳米、5纳米和未来的3纳米，成本极其昂贵。”“只有台积电、三星和英特尔有能力承担这项投资。我不会说这些先进芯片的价格永远不会下降，但考虑到投资规模，它们不容易下降太多，”李说。</blockquote></p><p> For smaller players and for more mature production technology, Li said the market \"could be more volatile once there is an economic slowdown. The correction could be quite substantial and quick, too.\"</p><p><blockquote>李表示，对于规模较小的企业和生产技术更成熟的企业，“一旦经济放缓，市场可能会更加波动。调整也可能相当大且迅速。”</blockquote></p><p> Li said the most important factor in determining prices, however, is the same as always: demand.</p><p><blockquote>李说，然而，决定价格的最重要因素一如既往：需求。</blockquote></p><p> \"Chip plants operate like airlines. Airlines must shoulder fixed costs even if there are only one or two passengers on board. Chipmaking plants are the same. If the demand slows, they have to lower prices to lure more clients and maintain utilization rates.\"</p><p><blockquote>“芯片厂的运营就像航空公司，即使机上只有一两名乘客，航空公司也要承担固定成本。芯片制造厂也一样，如果需求放缓，就不得不降低价格来吸引更多客户，维持利用率。”</blockquote></p><p> TSMC told Nikkei that it will not comment on pricing adjustment but referred to CEO C.C. Wei's statement during an earnings briefing in July, when he said, \"TSMC's pricing strategy is strategic, not opportunistic. At the same time, we face manufacturing cost challenges due to increasing process complexity at leading node, new investment in mature nodes, expansion of our global manufacturing footprint and rising materials and basic commodities cost. Therefore, we are firming up our wafer pricing.\"</p><p><blockquote>台积电告诉日经新闻，不会对定价调整发表评论，但提到了首席执行官C.C.魏在7月份的财报简报会上表示，“台积电的定价策略是战略性的，而不是机会主义的。与此同时，由于领先节点的工艺复杂性增加、成熟节点的新投资、全球制造足迹的扩大以及材料和基本商品成本的上涨，我们面临制造成本挑战。因此，我们正在坚定我们的晶圆定价。”</blockquote></p><p></p>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n<p> 来源：<a href=\"https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Tech/Semiconductors/Chip-prices-set-to-rise-into-2022-as-TSMC-hikes-rates\">Nikkei Asia</a></p>\n<p>为提升您的阅读体验，我们对本页面进行了排版优化</p>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{"NVDA":"英伟达","AMD":"美国超微公司","QCOM":"高通","UMC":"联电","TSM":"台积电","AAPL":"苹果"},"source_url":"https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Tech/Semiconductors/Chip-prices-set-to-rise-into-2022-as-TSMC-hikes-rates","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1113754693","content_text":"Semiconductor and electronics prices are set to rise absent major economic slowdowns\nTSMC's move to raise its fees for chip production services took many in the industry by surprise. © AFP/Jiji\nTAIPEI/HSINCHU, Taiwan -- The price of chips -- and the electronic devices they power -- are on track to rise into 2022 as the world's biggest contract chipmaker joins its rivals in ramping up production fees.\nPrices of semiconductors have been climbing since the last quarter of 2020 amid a global supply crunch. But news that Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. was preparing its biggest price hike in a decade still came as a shock to some, bringing home just how entrenched chip price inflation has become.\nTSMC controls over half the global foundry market, making chips for the likes of Apple, Nvidia and Qualcomm. Known for its cutting-edge tech and high quality, the Taiwanese company normally commands production fees around 20% higher than its rivals, according to industry insiders.\nSince the end of last year, however, smaller foundries have repeatedly ramped up their own prices, so that United Microelectronics, the world's No. 3 player, now charges more than its bigger compatriot for some services, four industry executives told Nikkei Asia.\nThese higher prices stem from a range of factors, including higher material and logistics costs as well as the race by device makers to secure adequate chip supplies, that have emerged since the chip shortage first began to bite late last year.\nTSMC has been slower than most other chip companies in raising its prices, in part because it already enjoyed such a hefty premium. But with investment costs also rising -- the company has pledged $100 billion in spending over the next three years -- the chip giant felt compelled to pass on some of the burden, sources briefed on the matter said.\nMore urgently, industry sources say, the company is keen to weed out so-called double-booking, in which clients place orders for more chips than they actually need in hopes of securing production line space and support from contract chipmakers amid the global supply crunch. This, in turn, has made it difficult for TSMC to grasp the \"real demand\" picture, sources briefed on the matter told Nikkei.\nClient reactions to the planned price rise are mixed.\n\"We are glad that TSMC eventually adjusted prices so that it could fend off the practice of double-booking, when industry players race to secure enough chip production capacity during a shortage,\" K.S. Pua, chairman and CEO of Phison Electronics, told Nikkei. The leading NAND flash controller chip and solution provider is a client of both TSMC and UMC.\n\"We are still short of supplies and want more chip capacity to support our growth for the second half of 2021,\" Pua said.\nPhison raised its own chip prices around April this year to reflect the rising supply chain costs, and Pua said his company will have discussions with clients about further increases.\nOthers, however, have expressed concern over whether they will be able to pass on these higher costs to customers.\n\"We are all in a great shock and all of our account managers need to speak to our customers to see if we can renegotiate some of the contracts,\" a chip executive told Nikkei. \"We haven't seen TSMC introduce such a broad rate increase in over a decade.\"\nThe impact of TSMC's price will be felt more obviously from next year, analysts say, as the company is still working through existing orders. Customers will also negotiate their own specific terms with TSMC before Oct. 1, when the price hikes officially take effect, they said.\nOverall chip prices, however, have already surged.\nAccording to Dale Gai, research director of Counterpoint Research, chip developers are paying 40% higher production fees for legacy chips that are in the shortest supply.\n\nElectronics makers, meanwhile, face even steeper increases as they try to source enough chips to complete their devices. The price of some microcontroller chips, for example, has jumped from $0.20 each to more than $1, supply chain executives and distributors told Nikkei -- a 400% increase in less than a year.\nThe reason is that these chips, while not necessarily the most important part of a smartphone or server, are still essential and not easily replaced. Such chips can also be stockpiled more easily than, say, CPUs, which quickly become obsolete, so anyone who has extra inventory can name their price if they find a buyer in need.\nPrices have risen in just about every step of the chip supply chain, from basic materials to chip packing and testing services -- the last step before chips are mounted on printed circuit boards.\nFor top chip developers that outsource production -- namely Qualcomm, Nvidia, MediaTek and Advanced Micro Devices -- this translated to an increase in \"cost of sales\" in 2020, according to a Nikkei analysis. Defined as the total cost of production, materials and delivery of goods, cost of sales continued to surge in the first half of 2021.\nMobile chip giant Qualcomm's accumulated cost of sales from last October until June this year jumped nearly 60% on the year, while that of MediaTek, its key Asia rival, increased more than 64% for the same period. Both Qualcomm and MediaTek's revenue surged even more during the period, however, indicating they have adjusted the selling prices of their chips, which are used by the world's major smartphone makers.\nIndustry players and analysts predict strong chip demand -- and thus higher prices -- to continue into next year.\nDoris Hsu, chair and CEO of Globalwafers, the world's third-largest wafer material maker, said the price of wafers -- the essential substrate that all chips are fabricated on -- is set to go up.\n\"Materials and chemicals used in production and transportation logistics costs are all on the rise,\" Hsu said. \"That means we have to adjust the selling price of our wafers, otherwise our profit margin could be affected.\"\nPeter Hanbury, a partner specializing in chip and tech supply chain at Bain & Co., told Nikkei chip prices will likely rise into next year due to the time it takes to expand production capacity.\nChip developers such as Qualcomm, NXP and Nvidia, he added, will likely negotiate to pass these price increases onto their own customers -- namely device makers and electronics builders such as Apple, Samsung, Xiaomi, HP, Dell and Ford.\n\"[For] products like smartphones and PCs, the price increases will be more noticeable, while for other devices with limited semiconductor content you may not even notice,\" Hanbury said, referring to the retail prices.\nGai, of Counterpoint Research, said the rising cost of chips may even impact smartphone makers' business strategies.\n\"The net profit margin for smartphone makers excluding Apple is only about 5% to 10%. In that case, the rising chip costs will definitely push all the industry players to roll out higher-end handset models for next year to offset the cost impacts rather than focus on midrange or lower-end phones,\" he said.\nMeanwhile, the race to develop cutting-edge technologies is also expected to keep chip prices high for the long term, particularly the more advanced offerings.\n\"Advanced chip production, such as 7-nanometer, 5-nanometer and future 3-nanometer, is extremely expensive,\" Mark Li, a veteran semiconductor analyst with Sanford C. Bernstein, told Nikkei. \"Only TSMC, Samsung and Intel could afford the investment. I am not going to say those advanced chip prices will never fall, but it's not easy for them to go down much given the scale of the investment,\" Li said.\nFor smaller players and for more mature production technology, Li said the market \"could be more volatile once there is an economic slowdown. The correction could be quite substantial and quick, too.\"\nLi said the most important factor in determining prices, however, is the same as always: demand.\n\"Chip plants operate like airlines. Airlines must shoulder fixed costs even if there are only one or two passengers on board. Chipmaking plants are the same. If the demand slows, they have to lower prices to lure more clients and maintain utilization rates.\"\nTSMC told Nikkei that it will not comment on pricing adjustment but referred to CEO C.C. Wei's statement during an earnings briefing in July, when he said, \"TSMC's pricing strategy is strategic, not opportunistic. At the same time, we face manufacturing cost challenges due to increasing process complexity at leading node, new investment in mature nodes, expansion of our global manufacturing footprint and rising materials and basic commodities cost. Therefore, we are firming up our wafer pricing.\"","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"AAPL":0.9,"UMC":0.9,"QCOM":0.9,"AMD":0.9,"TSM":0.9,"NVDA":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":2446,"commentLimit":10,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"symbols":[],"verified":2,"subType":0,"readableState":1,"langContent":"EN","currentLanguage":"EN","warmUpFlag":false,"orderFlag":false,"shareable":true,"causeOfNotShareable":"","featuresForAnalytics":[],"commentAndTweetFlag":false,"andRepostAutoSelectedFlag":false,"upFlag":false,"length":7,"xxTargetLangEnum":"ORIG"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"isTiger":false,"isWeiXinMini":false,"url":"/m/post/817583910"}
精彩评论