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2021-10-11
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Elon Musk vs. Charlie Ergen: Battle of the Billionaires Over Spectrum<blockquote>埃隆·马斯克 (Elon Musk) 与查理·埃尔根 (Charlie Ergen)：亿万富翁争夺频谱</blockquote>
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Is there space en","content":"<p>The two moguls want rules to favor their visions for high-speed broadband service. Is there space enough for the two of them?</p><p><blockquote>这两位大亨希望规则有利于他们对高速宽带服务的愿景。有足够的空间容纳他们两个吗？</blockquote></p><p> <p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b6e612e1cad7e416fa444ae038edd739\" tg-width=\"1290\" tg-height=\"857\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"><span>The skirmish between Elon Musk, left, and Charlie Ergen over wireless spectrum has a nastier edge than most telecom disputes.</span></p><p><blockquote><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><span>埃隆·马斯克（左）和查理·埃尔根之间关于无线频谱的冲突比大多数电信纠纷更糟糕。</span></p></blockquote></p><p> Elon Musk was adamant.</p><p><blockquote>埃隆·马斯克态度坚决。</blockquote></p><p> On a call last December with Ajit Pai, the Federal Communications Commission’s chairman at the time, Mr. Musk said that if the commission considered a proposal to begin the process of opening up a certain swath of wireless frequencies for ground-based 5G service, it would pose a threat to his Starlink satellite network, according to people familiar with the discussion.</p><p><blockquote>据熟悉讨论情况的人士透露，在去年 12 月与时任联邦通信委员会主席阿吉特-派（Ajit Pai）举行的看涨期权上，马斯克先生表示，如果委员会考虑开始为地面 5G 服务开放一定范围的无线频率的提议，这将对他的星链卫星网络构成威胁。</blockquote></p><p> In later filings with the FCC, Mr. Musk’s Space Exploration Technologies Corp., better known as SpaceX, told the regulator it needed those airwaves, which sit above 12 gigahertz on the wireless spectrum, free and clear for its Starlink swarm of satellites to beam high-speed broadband internet service to disconnected homes across the country. SpaceX didn’t respond to requests for comment for this article.</p><p><blockquote>马斯克先生的太空探索技术公司（Space Exploration Technologies Corp.）在随后提交给联邦通信委员会的文件中告诉监管机构，它需要这些无线频谱上超过 12 千兆赫的无线电波，以便其星链卫星群能够免费清晰地向全国各地断网的家庭提供高速宽带互联网服务。SpaceX 没有回应本文的置评请求。</blockquote></p><p> The Tesla billionaire’s main antagonist in this case is Dish Network Corp. Chairman Charlie Ergen, another mogul with a history of tangling with regulators. Mr. Ergen’s Dish and his allies—who include Dell Computer founder Michael Dell through his personal investment fund, MSD Capital—are pressing the government to allow cellphone towers to send high-speed internet signals over the same airwaves. SpaceX and fellow satellite operator OneWeb oppose changes that they say threaten their goal of expanding internet access from the skies.</p><p><blockquote>这位特斯拉亿万富翁在本案中的主要对手是 Dish Network Corp. 另一位与监管机构纠缠不清的大亨查理-埃尔根（Charlie Ergen）。Ergen 先生的 Dish 和他的盟友--包括戴尔电脑创始人迈克尔-戴尔（Michael Dell）通过其个人投资基金 MSD Capital--正在向政府施压，要求允许手机信号塔通过同一电波发送高速互联网信号。SpaceX 和卫星运营商 OneWeb 反对这些变化，他们称这些变化威胁到他们从空中扩大互联网接入的目标。</blockquote></p><p> Mr. Ergen made his fortune launching satellites but has said his company’s future lies in ultrafast fifth-generation wireless service on the ground. Mr. Musk’s businesses, which include electric cars and rocket launches that ferry NASA astronauts to space, also include satellite broadband service.</p><p><blockquote>埃尔根先生靠发射卫星发家致富，但他表示，公司的未来在于地面超高速第五代无线服务。马斯克先生的业务包括电动汽车和将美国国家航空航天局宇航员送入太空的火箭发射，还包括卫星宽带服务。</blockquote></p><p> This is the kind of skirmish that companies often wage in Washington over finite resources subject to government rules—but with more-prominent personalities and a nastier edge than most telecom disputes. Fights over wireless spectrum are becoming increasingly common as technological advances like 5G let companies stream data in ways considered impossible a few years ago, spurring new demand for space on the airwaves to carry those signals.</p><p><blockquote>这是华盛顿公司经常为受政府规定约束的有限资源而发生的冲突——但与大多数电信纠纷相比，这场冲突的人物更突出，边缘也更恶劣。随着5G等技术进步让公司以几年前被认为不可能的方式传输数据，围绕无线频谱的斗争变得越来越普遍，刺激了对无线电波空间传输这些信号的新需求。</blockquote></p><p> SpaceX says its new Starlink broadband service is already providing cablelike internet speeds to more than 90,000 customers. The FCC granted the company $885 million in incentives to provide more connections to areas of the U.S. that lack true broadband. Dish and its allies argue that looser rules for the 12 GHz frequencies would help the company build a network that will connect smartphones, factory machines and vehicle sensors with the kind of ultrafast internet speeds that 5G promises to deliver.</p><p><blockquote>SpaceX 表示，其新的 Starlink 宽带服务已经为 90,000 多名客户提供类似电缆的互联网速度。联邦通信委员会授予该公司8.85亿美元的激励措施，为美国缺乏真正宽带的地区提供更多连接。Dish及其盟友认为，对12 GHz频率的宽松规则将有助于该公司建立一个网络，将智能手机、工厂机器和车辆传感器与5G承诺提供的超快互联网速度连接起来。</blockquote></p><p> <p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/5f07d3f2d8330b1238ac3f42e0ed5aad\" tg-width=\"1050\" tg-height=\"700\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"><span>A SpaceX rocket returned to Earth in September after delivering Starlink satellites to low-Earth orbit.</span></p><p><blockquote><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><span>SpaceX 的一枚火箭在将星链卫星送入近地轨道后于 9 月返回地球。</span></p></blockquote></p><p> <b>The roots of controversy</b></p><p><blockquote><b>争议的根源</b></blockquote></p><p> The controversy has been developing for years. Dish and its rival DirecTV have long had the first right to use the 12 GHz spectrum to support TV broadcasts beamed by satellites in geostationary orbit more than 22,000 miles above the Earth. But much of the spectrum sits unused. Dish and DirecTV send many signals over frequencies outside the band in dispute, and their customer bases continue to shrink as viewers cut the pay-TV cord and adopt online streaming services.</p><p><blockquote>这场争议已经发展了多年。Dish 及其竞争对手 DirecTV 长期以来一直拥有使用 12 GHz 频谱来支持位于地球上方 22,000 英里以上地球静止轨道上的卫星传输的电视广播的第一权利。但是大部分频谱都没有被使用。Dish和DirecTV在有争议的频段之外的频率上发送许多信号，随着观众切断付费电视线并采用在线流媒体服务，它们的客户群继续萎缩。</blockquote></p><p> Starlink engineers, meanwhile, have spent the past six years working on a plan to make satellite internet speeds competitive with those of traditional broadband cable companies. The company has already used low-cost rocket launches to hurl hundreds of satellites into orbit just 340 miles from Earth, cutting down on the time it takes for broadband signals to travel between the satellites and customers’ dishes.</p><p><blockquote>与此同时，Starlink的工程师们在过去的六年里一直致力于一项计划，使卫星互联网速度与传统宽带有线电视公司的速度相媲美。该公司已经利用低成本火箭发射将数百颗卫星送入距离地球仅 340 英里的轨道，缩短了宽带信号在卫星和客户天线之间传播的时间。</blockquote></p><p> The FCC granted Starlink’s low-flying satellites “secondary” permission to use 12 GHz airwaves, which means they couldn’t interfere with transmissions to Dish and DirecTV’s older geostationary satellites. Both sides point their transmissions in different directions, so the dual use wasn’t considered a problem.</p><p><blockquote>联邦通信委员会授予 Starlink 的低空飞行卫星使用 12 GHz 电波的 “二级 ”许可，这意味着它们不能干扰 Dish 和 DirecTV 老式地球静止卫星的传输。双方的传输指向不同的方向，因此双重使用并不被认为是问题。</blockquote></p><p> The dispute grew out of Dish’s ambitions to expand its 5G network, which remains under construction. The company now wants the right to send cellular signals over the same 12 GHz airwaves it uses for satellite transmissions, taking steps to prevent either type of signal from interfering with the other.</p><p><blockquote>争议源于 Dish 扩大其 5G 网络的雄心，该网络仍在建设中。该公司现在希望获得通过用于卫星传输的相同 12 GHz 电波发送蜂窝信号的权利，并采取措施防止两种类型的信号干扰另一种类型的信号。</blockquote></p><p></p><p> <p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/7d8a70460903977f930f263c5273fcf1\" tg-width=\"1050\" tg-height=\"700\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"><span>Dish Network says it doesn’t want a fight with SpaceX.</span></p><p><blockquote><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><span>Dish Network 表示不想与 SpaceX 开战。</span></p></blockquote></p><p> <b>No end in sight</b></p><p><blockquote><b>看不到尽头</b></blockquote></p><p> The Musk-Ergen standoff is unlikely to see a quick resolution. Mr. Pai’s FCC ended up drafting what most observers consider a “neutral” document that kicked the can down the road. The agency, now led by acting Chairwoman Jessica Rosenworcel, is still missing a full slate of commissioners, hampering its ability to tackle controversial policy issues.</p><p><blockquote>马斯克与埃尔根的僵局不太可能很快得到解决。白先生领导的联邦通信委员会最终起草了一份被大多数观察家认为是 “中立 ”的文件，而这份文件却一脚踢开了。该机构目前由代理主席杰西卡·罗森沃塞尔 (Jessica Rosenworcel) 领导，但仍然缺少完整的委员名单，这阻碍了其解决有争议的政策问题的能力。</blockquote></p><p> Both sides have claimed the other misrepresents the science behind their services. “There’s definitely a lot of hostility in a lot of the filings,” says Tim Farrar, president of TMF Associates, a telecom consulting firm based in Menlo Park, Calif. SpaceX has been especially aggressive defending its turf against would-be interlopers, Mr. Farrar says.</p><p><blockquote>双方都声称对方歪曲了他们服务背后的科学。“总部位于加利福尼亚州门洛帕克的电信咨询公司 TMF Associates 的总裁蒂姆-法勒（Tim Farrar）说：”在很多文件中肯定有很多敌意。法勒表示，SpaceX 一直特别积极地捍卫其地盘免受潜在入侵者的侵害。</blockquote></p><p> In a March filing with the FCC, SpaceX accused Dish of making “increasingly desperate claims to support its quest to add even more frequencies to its warehouse of unused spectrum,” adding that Mr. Ergen’s company would be better off building the network it promised “rather than spending its time trying to take service away from the customers of those actually delivering on promises.”</p><p><blockquote>在 3 月份提交给联邦通信委员会的一份文件中，SpaceX 指责 Dish 提出 “越来越绝望的说法，以支持其在未使用频谱仓库中增加更多频率的追求”，并补充说，Ergen 先生的公司最好还是建设其承诺的网络，“而不是花时间试图从那些真正兑现承诺的客户手中夺走服务”。</blockquote></p><p> Dish told regulators that SpaceX was the one seeking to monopolize a resource that it doesn’t need. The 12-gigahertz band in question is a small part of the many wavelengths Mr. Musk’s satellites can use to beam data to customers, the company argued. “SpaceX continues a practice that has become familiar: do not cede any ground except inch by inch,” Dish wrote in a letter to the commission.</p><p><blockquote>迪什告诉监管机构，SpaceX 是一家试图垄断它并不需要的资源的公司。该公司认为，12千兆赫波段只是马斯克先生的卫星可以用来向客户传输数据的众多波长中的一小部分。“Dish 在给委员会的一封信中写道：”SpaceX 延续了人们熟悉的做法：除了一寸一寸地之外，不放弃任何土地。</blockquote></p><p> Jeffrey Blum, Dish’s public-policy chief, says SpaceX’s pushback against potential ground-based users of the spectrum in question is unnecessary in light of recent technological advances that would allow signals from satellites and cellular towers to share the same frequencies.</p><p><blockquote>Dish 公共政策主管杰弗里-布鲁姆（Jeffrey Blum）说，鉴于最近的技术进步将允许来自卫星和手机信号塔的信号共享相同的频率，SpaceX 对相关频谱的潜在地面用户的抵制是没有必要的。</blockquote></p><p> “We don’t want to fight with them,” he says. “We don’t need to fight.”</p><p><blockquote>“他说：”我们不想和他们打架。“我们不需要战斗。”</blockquote></p><p> But Starlink has said in many filings that sharing the spectrum won’t work. Indeed, Mr. Musk has argued that new companies using 12 GHz signals would kill the business model his company built over several years of planning.</p><p><blockquote>但星链在许多文件中都表示，共享频谱是行不通的。事实上，马斯克先生认为，使用 12 GHz 信号的新公司将扼杀他的公司经过几年规划建立的商业模式。</blockquote></p><p> “Starlink is good in and of itself,” Mr. Musk said at Vox Media’s Code 2021 conference. “It’s a very nice complement, and a necessary complement, to 5G and fiber, and will provide a revenue stream to develop our next-generation rocket.”</p><p><blockquote>“马斯克先生在 Vox Media 的 Code 2021 大会上说：”星链本身就很好。“这是对 5G 和光纤的一个非常好的补充，也是必要的补充，将为开发我们的下一代火箭提供收入来源。”</blockquote></p><p></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Elon Musk vs. Charlie Ergen: Battle of the Billionaires Over Spectrum<blockquote>埃隆·马斯克 (Elon Musk) 与查理·埃尔根 (Charlie Ergen)：亿万富翁争夺频谱</blockquote></title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nElon Musk vs. Charlie Ergen: Battle of the Billionaires Over Spectrum<blockquote>埃隆·马斯克 (Elon Musk) 与查理·埃尔根 (Charlie Ergen)：亿万富翁争夺频谱</blockquote>\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<p class=\"head\">\n<strong class=\"h-name small\">The Wall Street Journal</strong><span class=\"h-time small\">2021-10-11 21:05</span>\n</p>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p>The two moguls want rules to favor their visions for high-speed broadband service. Is there space enough for the two of them?</p><p><blockquote>这两位大亨希望规则有利于他们对高速宽带服务的愿景。有足够的空间容纳他们两个吗？</blockquote></p><p> <p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b6e612e1cad7e416fa444ae038edd739\" tg-width=\"1290\" tg-height=\"857\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"><span>The skirmish between Elon Musk, left, and Charlie Ergen over wireless spectrum has a nastier edge than most telecom disputes.</span></p><p><blockquote><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><span>埃隆·马斯克（左）和查理·埃尔根之间关于无线频谱的冲突比大多数电信纠纷更糟糕。</span></p></blockquote></p><p> Elon Musk was adamant.</p><p><blockquote>埃隆·马斯克态度坚决。</blockquote></p><p> On a call last December with Ajit Pai, the Federal Communications Commission’s chairman at the time, Mr. Musk said that if the commission considered a proposal to begin the process of opening up a certain swath of wireless frequencies for ground-based 5G service, it would pose a threat to his Starlink satellite network, according to people familiar with the discussion.</p><p><blockquote>据熟悉讨论情况的人士透露，在去年 12 月与时任联邦通信委员会主席阿吉特-派（Ajit Pai）举行的看涨期权上，马斯克先生表示，如果委员会考虑开始为地面 5G 服务开放一定范围的无线频率的提议，这将对他的星链卫星网络构成威胁。</blockquote></p><p> In later filings with the FCC, Mr. Musk’s Space Exploration Technologies Corp., better known as SpaceX, told the regulator it needed those airwaves, which sit above 12 gigahertz on the wireless spectrum, free and clear for its Starlink swarm of satellites to beam high-speed broadband internet service to disconnected homes across the country. SpaceX didn’t respond to requests for comment for this article.</p><p><blockquote>马斯克先生的太空探索技术公司（Space Exploration Technologies Corp.）在随后提交给联邦通信委员会的文件中告诉监管机构，它需要这些无线频谱上超过 12 千兆赫的无线电波，以便其星链卫星群能够免费清晰地向全国各地断网的家庭提供高速宽带互联网服务。SpaceX 没有回应本文的置评请求。</blockquote></p><p> The Tesla billionaire’s main antagonist in this case is Dish Network Corp. Chairman Charlie Ergen, another mogul with a history of tangling with regulators. Mr. Ergen’s Dish and his allies—who include Dell Computer founder Michael Dell through his personal investment fund, MSD Capital—are pressing the government to allow cellphone towers to send high-speed internet signals over the same airwaves. SpaceX and fellow satellite operator OneWeb oppose changes that they say threaten their goal of expanding internet access from the skies.</p><p><blockquote>这位特斯拉亿万富翁在本案中的主要对手是 Dish Network Corp. 另一位与监管机构纠缠不清的大亨查理-埃尔根（Charlie Ergen）。Ergen 先生的 Dish 和他的盟友--包括戴尔电脑创始人迈克尔-戴尔（Michael Dell）通过其个人投资基金 MSD Capital--正在向政府施压，要求允许手机信号塔通过同一电波发送高速互联网信号。SpaceX 和卫星运营商 OneWeb 反对这些变化，他们称这些变化威胁到他们从空中扩大互联网接入的目标。</blockquote></p><p> Mr. Ergen made his fortune launching satellites but has said his company’s future lies in ultrafast fifth-generation wireless service on the ground. Mr. Musk’s businesses, which include electric cars and rocket launches that ferry NASA astronauts to space, also include satellite broadband service.</p><p><blockquote>埃尔根先生靠发射卫星发家致富，但他表示，公司的未来在于地面超高速第五代无线服务。马斯克先生的业务包括电动汽车和将美国国家航空航天局宇航员送入太空的火箭发射，还包括卫星宽带服务。</blockquote></p><p> This is the kind of skirmish that companies often wage in Washington over finite resources subject to government rules—but with more-prominent personalities and a nastier edge than most telecom disputes. Fights over wireless spectrum are becoming increasingly common as technological advances like 5G let companies stream data in ways considered impossible a few years ago, spurring new demand for space on the airwaves to carry those signals.</p><p><blockquote>这是华盛顿公司经常为受政府规定约束的有限资源而发生的冲突——但与大多数电信纠纷相比，这场冲突的人物更突出，边缘也更恶劣。随着5G等技术进步让公司以几年前被认为不可能的方式传输数据，围绕无线频谱的斗争变得越来越普遍，刺激了对无线电波空间传输这些信号的新需求。</blockquote></p><p> SpaceX says its new Starlink broadband service is already providing cablelike internet speeds to more than 90,000 customers. The FCC granted the company $885 million in incentives to provide more connections to areas of the U.S. that lack true broadband. Dish and its allies argue that looser rules for the 12 GHz frequencies would help the company build a network that will connect smartphones, factory machines and vehicle sensors with the kind of ultrafast internet speeds that 5G promises to deliver.</p><p><blockquote>SpaceX 表示，其新的 Starlink 宽带服务已经为 90,000 多名客户提供类似电缆的互联网速度。联邦通信委员会授予该公司8.85亿美元的激励措施，为美国缺乏真正宽带的地区提供更多连接。Dish及其盟友认为，对12 GHz频率的宽松规则将有助于该公司建立一个网络，将智能手机、工厂机器和车辆传感器与5G承诺提供的超快互联网速度连接起来。</blockquote></p><p> <p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/5f07d3f2d8330b1238ac3f42e0ed5aad\" tg-width=\"1050\" tg-height=\"700\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"><span>A SpaceX rocket returned to Earth in September after delivering Starlink satellites to low-Earth orbit.</span></p><p><blockquote><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><span>SpaceX 的一枚火箭在将星链卫星送入近地轨道后于 9 月返回地球。</span></p></blockquote></p><p> <b>The roots of controversy</b></p><p><blockquote><b>争议的根源</b></blockquote></p><p> The controversy has been developing for years. Dish and its rival DirecTV have long had the first right to use the 12 GHz spectrum to support TV broadcasts beamed by satellites in geostationary orbit more than 22,000 miles above the Earth. But much of the spectrum sits unused. Dish and DirecTV send many signals over frequencies outside the band in dispute, and their customer bases continue to shrink as viewers cut the pay-TV cord and adopt online streaming services.</p><p><blockquote>这场争议已经发展了多年。Dish 及其竞争对手 DirecTV 长期以来一直拥有使用 12 GHz 频谱来支持位于地球上方 22,000 英里以上地球静止轨道上的卫星传输的电视广播的第一权利。但是大部分频谱都没有被使用。Dish和DirecTV在有争议的频段之外的频率上发送许多信号，随着观众切断付费电视线并采用在线流媒体服务，它们的客户群继续萎缩。</blockquote></p><p> Starlink engineers, meanwhile, have spent the past six years working on a plan to make satellite internet speeds competitive with those of traditional broadband cable companies. The company has already used low-cost rocket launches to hurl hundreds of satellites into orbit just 340 miles from Earth, cutting down on the time it takes for broadband signals to travel between the satellites and customers’ dishes.</p><p><blockquote>与此同时，Starlink的工程师们在过去的六年里一直致力于一项计划，使卫星互联网速度与传统宽带有线电视公司的速度相媲美。该公司已经利用低成本火箭发射将数百颗卫星送入距离地球仅 340 英里的轨道，缩短了宽带信号在卫星和客户天线之间传播的时间。</blockquote></p><p> The FCC granted Starlink’s low-flying satellites “secondary” permission to use 12 GHz airwaves, which means they couldn’t interfere with transmissions to Dish and DirecTV’s older geostationary satellites. Both sides point their transmissions in different directions, so the dual use wasn’t considered a problem.</p><p><blockquote>联邦通信委员会授予 Starlink 的低空飞行卫星使用 12 GHz 电波的 “二级 ”许可，这意味着它们不能干扰 Dish 和 DirecTV 老式地球静止卫星的传输。双方的传输指向不同的方向，因此双重使用并不被认为是问题。</blockquote></p><p> The dispute grew out of Dish’s ambitions to expand its 5G network, which remains under construction. The company now wants the right to send cellular signals over the same 12 GHz airwaves it uses for satellite transmissions, taking steps to prevent either type of signal from interfering with the other.</p><p><blockquote>争议源于 Dish 扩大其 5G 网络的雄心，该网络仍在建设中。该公司现在希望获得通过用于卫星传输的相同 12 GHz 电波发送蜂窝信号的权利，并采取措施防止两种类型的信号干扰另一种类型的信号。</blockquote></p><p></p><p> <p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/7d8a70460903977f930f263c5273fcf1\" tg-width=\"1050\" tg-height=\"700\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"><span>Dish Network says it doesn’t want a fight with SpaceX.</span></p><p><blockquote><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><span>Dish Network 表示不想与 SpaceX 开战。</span></p></blockquote></p><p> <b>No end in sight</b></p><p><blockquote><b>看不到尽头</b></blockquote></p><p> The Musk-Ergen standoff is unlikely to see a quick resolution. Mr. Pai’s FCC ended up drafting what most observers consider a “neutral” document that kicked the can down the road. The agency, now led by acting Chairwoman Jessica Rosenworcel, is still missing a full slate of commissioners, hampering its ability to tackle controversial policy issues.</p><p><blockquote>马斯克与埃尔根的僵局不太可能很快得到解决。白先生领导的联邦通信委员会最终起草了一份被大多数观察家认为是 “中立 ”的文件，而这份文件却一脚踢开了。该机构目前由代理主席杰西卡·罗森沃塞尔 (Jessica Rosenworcel) 领导，但仍然缺少完整的委员名单，这阻碍了其解决有争议的政策问题的能力。</blockquote></p><p> Both sides have claimed the other misrepresents the science behind their services. “There’s definitely a lot of hostility in a lot of the filings,” says Tim Farrar, president of TMF Associates, a telecom consulting firm based in Menlo Park, Calif. SpaceX has been especially aggressive defending its turf against would-be interlopers, Mr. Farrar says.</p><p><blockquote>双方都声称对方歪曲了他们服务背后的科学。“总部位于加利福尼亚州门洛帕克的电信咨询公司 TMF Associates 的总裁蒂姆-法勒（Tim Farrar）说：”在很多文件中肯定有很多敌意。法勒表示，SpaceX 一直特别积极地捍卫其地盘免受潜在入侵者的侵害。</blockquote></p><p> In a March filing with the FCC, SpaceX accused Dish of making “increasingly desperate claims to support its quest to add even more frequencies to its warehouse of unused spectrum,” adding that Mr. Ergen’s company would be better off building the network it promised “rather than spending its time trying to take service away from the customers of those actually delivering on promises.”</p><p><blockquote>在 3 月份提交给联邦通信委员会的一份文件中，SpaceX 指责 Dish 提出 “越来越绝望的说法，以支持其在未使用频谱仓库中增加更多频率的追求”，并补充说，Ergen 先生的公司最好还是建设其承诺的网络，“而不是花时间试图从那些真正兑现承诺的客户手中夺走服务”。</blockquote></p><p> Dish told regulators that SpaceX was the one seeking to monopolize a resource that it doesn’t need. The 12-gigahertz band in question is a small part of the many wavelengths Mr. Musk’s satellites can use to beam data to customers, the company argued. “SpaceX continues a practice that has become familiar: do not cede any ground except inch by inch,” Dish wrote in a letter to the commission.</p><p><blockquote>迪什告诉监管机构，SpaceX 是一家试图垄断它并不需要的资源的公司。该公司认为，12千兆赫波段只是马斯克先生的卫星可以用来向客户传输数据的众多波长中的一小部分。“Dish 在给委员会的一封信中写道：”SpaceX 延续了人们熟悉的做法：除了一寸一寸地之外，不放弃任何土地。</blockquote></p><p> Jeffrey Blum, Dish’s public-policy chief, says SpaceX’s pushback against potential ground-based users of the spectrum in question is unnecessary in light of recent technological advances that would allow signals from satellites and cellular towers to share the same frequencies.</p><p><blockquote>Dish 公共政策主管杰弗里-布鲁姆（Jeffrey Blum）说，鉴于最近的技术进步将允许来自卫星和手机信号塔的信号共享相同的频率，SpaceX 对相关频谱的潜在地面用户的抵制是没有必要的。</blockquote></p><p> “We don’t want to fight with them,” he says. “We don’t need to fight.”</p><p><blockquote>“他说：”我们不想和他们打架。“我们不需要战斗。”</blockquote></p><p> But Starlink has said in many filings that sharing the spectrum won’t work. Indeed, Mr. Musk has argued that new companies using 12 GHz signals would kill the business model his company built over several years of planning.</p><p><blockquote>但星链在许多文件中都表示，共享频谱是行不通的。事实上，马斯克先生认为，使用 12 GHz 信号的新公司将扼杀他的公司经过几年规划建立的商业模式。</blockquote></p><p> “Starlink is good in and of itself,” Mr. Musk said at Vox Media’s Code 2021 conference. “It’s a very nice complement, and a necessary complement, to 5G and fiber, and will provide a revenue stream to develop our next-generation rocket.”</p><p><blockquote>“马斯克先生在 Vox Media 的 Code 2021 大会上说：”星链本身就很好。“这是对 5G 和光纤的一个非常好的补充，也是必要的补充，将为开发我们的下一代火箭提供收入来源。”</blockquote></p><p></p>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n<p> 来源：<a href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/elon-musk-charlie-ergen-battle-of-billionaires-11633714306?mod=tech_lead_pos4\">The Wall Street Journal</a></p>\n<p>为提升您的阅读体验，我们对本页面进行了排版优化</p>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{"DISH":"Dish Network","TSLA":"特斯拉"},"source_url":"https://www.wsj.com/articles/elon-musk-charlie-ergen-battle-of-billionaires-11633714306?mod=tech_lead_pos4","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1167654224","content_text":"The two moguls want rules to favor their visions for high-speed broadband service. Is there space enough for the two of them?\nThe skirmish between Elon Musk, left, and Charlie Ergen over wireless spectrum has a nastier edge than most telecom disputes.\nElon Musk was adamant.\nOn a call last December with Ajit Pai, the Federal Communications Commission’s chairman at the time, Mr. Musk said that if the commission considered a proposal to begin the process of opening up a certain swath of wireless frequencies for ground-based 5G service, it would pose a threat to his Starlink satellite network, according to people familiar with the discussion.\nIn later filings with the FCC, Mr. Musk’s Space Exploration Technologies Corp., better known as SpaceX, told the regulator it needed those airwaves, which sit above 12 gigahertz on the wireless spectrum, free and clear for its Starlink swarm of satellites to beam high-speed broadband internet service to disconnected homes across the country. SpaceX didn’t respond to requests for comment for this article.\nThe Tesla billionaire’s main antagonist in this case is Dish Network Corp. Chairman Charlie Ergen, another mogul with a history of tangling with regulators. Mr. Ergen’s Dish and his allies—who include Dell Computer founder Michael Dell through his personal investment fund, MSD Capital—are pressing the government to allow cellphone towers to send high-speed internet signals over the same airwaves. SpaceX and fellow satellite operator OneWeb oppose changes that they say threaten their goal of expanding internet access from the skies.\nMr. Ergen made his fortune launching satellites but has said his company’s future lies in ultrafast fifth-generation wireless service on the ground. Mr. Musk’s businesses, which include electric cars and rocket launches that ferry NASA astronauts to space, also include satellite broadband service.\nThis is the kind of skirmish that companies often wage in Washington over finite resources subject to government rules—but with more-prominent personalities and a nastier edge than most telecom disputes. Fights over wireless spectrum are becoming increasingly common as technological advances like 5G let companies stream data in ways considered impossible a few years ago, spurring new demand for space on the airwaves to carry those signals.\nSpaceX says its new Starlink broadband service is already providing cablelike internet speeds to more than 90,000 customers. The FCC granted the company $885 million in incentives to provide more connections to areas of the U.S. that lack true broadband. Dish and its allies argue that looser rules for the 12 GHz frequencies would help the company build a network that will connect smartphones, factory machines and vehicle sensors with the kind of ultrafast internet speeds that 5G promises to deliver.\nA SpaceX rocket returned to Earth in September after delivering Starlink satellites to low-Earth orbit.\nThe roots of controversy\nThe controversy has been developing for years. Dish and its rival DirecTV have long had the first right to use the 12 GHz spectrum to support TV broadcasts beamed by satellites in geostationary orbit more than 22,000 miles above the Earth. But much of the spectrum sits unused. Dish and DirecTV send many signals over frequencies outside the band in dispute, and their customer bases continue to shrink as viewers cut the pay-TV cord and adopt online streaming services.\nStarlink engineers, meanwhile, have spent the past six years working on a plan to make satellite internet speeds competitive with those of traditional broadband cable companies. The company has already used low-cost rocket launches to hurl hundreds of satellites into orbit just 340 miles from Earth, cutting down on the time it takes for broadband signals to travel between the satellites and customers’ dishes.\nThe FCC granted Starlink’s low-flying satellites “secondary” permission to use 12 GHz airwaves, which means they couldn’t interfere with transmissions to Dish and DirecTV’s older geostationary satellites. Both sides point their transmissions in different directions, so the dual use wasn’t considered a problem.\nThe dispute grew out of Dish’s ambitions to expand its 5G network, which remains under construction. The company now wants the right to send cellular signals over the same 12 GHz airwaves it uses for satellite transmissions, taking steps to prevent either type of signal from interfering with the other.\nDish Network says it doesn’t want a fight with SpaceX.\nNo end in sight\nThe Musk-Ergen standoff is unlikely to see a quick resolution. Mr. Pai’s FCC ended up drafting what most observers consider a “neutral” document that kicked the can down the road. The agency, now led by acting Chairwoman Jessica Rosenworcel, is still missing a full slate of commissioners, hampering its ability to tackle controversial policy issues.\nBoth sides have claimed the other misrepresents the science behind their services. “There’s definitely a lot of hostility in a lot of the filings,” says Tim Farrar, president of TMF Associates, a telecom consulting firm based in Menlo Park, Calif. SpaceX has been especially aggressive defending its turf against would-be interlopers, Mr. Farrar says.\nIn a March filing with the FCC, SpaceX accused Dish of making “increasingly desperate claims to support its quest to add even more frequencies to its warehouse of unused spectrum,” adding that Mr. Ergen’s company would be better off building the network it promised “rather than spending its time trying to take service away from the customers of those actually delivering on promises.”\nDish told regulators that SpaceX was the one seeking to monopolize a resource that it doesn’t need. The 12-gigahertz band in question is a small part of the many wavelengths Mr. Musk’s satellites can use to beam data to customers, the company argued. “SpaceX continues a practice that has become familiar: do not cede any ground except inch by inch,” Dish wrote in a letter to the commission.\nJeffrey Blum, Dish’s public-policy chief, says SpaceX’s pushback against potential ground-based users of the spectrum in question is unnecessary in light of recent technological advances that would allow signals from satellites and cellular towers to share the same frequencies.\n“We don’t want to fight with them,” he says. “We don’t need to fight.”\nBut Starlink has said in many filings that sharing the spectrum won’t work. Indeed, Mr. Musk has argued that new companies using 12 GHz signals would kill the business model his company built over several years of planning.\n“Starlink is good in and of itself,” Mr. Musk said at Vox Media’s Code 2021 conference. “It’s a very nice complement, and a necessary complement, to 5G and fiber, and will provide a revenue stream to develop our next-generation rocket.”","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"DISH":0.9,"TSLA":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1138,"commentLimit":10,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"symbols":[],"verified":2,"subType":0,"readableState":1,"langContent":"CN","currentLanguage":"CN","warmUpFlag":false,"orderFlag":false,"shareable":true,"causeOfNotShareable":"","featuresForAnalytics":[],"commentAndTweetFlag":false,"andRepostAutoSelectedFlag":false,"upFlag":false,"length":5,"subscribersOnly":false,"subscribersOnlyAccessible":false,"xxTargetLangEnum":"ZH_CN"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"isTiger":false,"isWeiXinMini":false,"url":"/m/post/826933341"}
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