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2021-11-05
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US mandates vaccines or tests for big companies by Jan. 4<blockquote>美国要求大公司在1月4日之前接种疫苗或进行测试</blockquote>
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It asked for public comment on whether employers with fewer than 100 employees could handle vaccination or testing programs.</p><p><blockquote>OSHA保留了将该要求扩展到小型企业的可能性。它就员工少于100人的雇主是否可以处理疫苗接种或检测项目征求公众意见。</blockquote></p><p> Tougher rules will apply to another 17 million people who work in nursing homes, hospitals and other facilities that receive money from Medicare and Medicaid. Those workers will not have an option for testing — they will need to be vaccinated.</p><p><blockquote>更严格的规定将适用于另外1700万在疗养院、医院和其他接受医疗保险和医疗补助的机构工作的人。这些工人将没有检测的选择——他们需要接种疫苗。</blockquote></p><p> Workers will be able to ask for exemptions on medical or religious grounds.</p><p><blockquote>工人将能够以医疗或宗教为由要求豁免。</blockquote></p><p> OSHA said companies that fail to comply with the regulations could face penalties of nearly $14,000 per violation.</p><p><blockquote>OSHA表示，不遵守规定的公司每次违规可能面临近14,000美元的罚款。</blockquote></p><p> It was unclear how OSHA planned to enforce the rules: Even counting allied regulators at the state level, the agency has only 1,850 inspectors to oversee 130 million workers at 8 million workplaces. A senior administration official said OSHA will target companies if it gets complaints.</p><p><blockquote>目前尚不清楚OSHA计划如何执行这些规则：即使算上州一级的联合监管机构，该机构也只有1,850名检查员来监管800万个工作场所的1.3亿名工人。一名高级政府官员表示，如果收到投诉，OSHA将针对公司。</blockquote></p><p> The release of the rules followed weeks of regulatory review and meetings with business groups, labor unions and others. The regulations form the cornerstone of Biden’s most aggressive effort yet to combat the spread of COVID-19, which has killed more than 740,000 people in the U.S.</p><p><blockquote>这些规则是在经过数周的监管审查以及与商业团体、工会和其他人的会议之后发布的。这些规定是拜登迄今为止最积极努力抗击COVID-19传播的基石，该病毒已在美国造成超过74万人死亡。</blockquote></p><p> OSHA drafted the rules under emergency authority meant to protect workers from an imminent health hazard. The agency estimated that the vaccine mandate will save more than 6,500 worker lives and prevent more than 250,000 hospitalizations over the next six months.</p><p><blockquote>OSHA根据紧急授权起草了这些规则，旨在保护工人免受迫在眉睫的健康危害。该机构估计，疫苗授权将在未来六个月内挽救6,500多名工人的生命，并防止超过250,000人住院。</blockquote></p><p> Senior administration officials said the rules preempt conflicting state laws or orders, including those that ban employers from requiring vaccinations, testing or the wearing of face masks.</p><p><blockquote>高级政府官员表示，这些规定优先于相互冲突的州法律或命令，包括那些禁止雇主要求接种疫苗、检测或戴口罩的法律或命令。</blockquote></p><p> The administration will face an immediate challenge from Republican state officials who are eager to fight Biden in court and in Congress. Senate Republicans immediately launched a petition to force a vote to overturn the vaccine mandate, but with Democrats controlling the chamber, the effort is nearly certain to fail.</p><p><blockquote>政府将立即面临共和党州官员的挑战，他们渴望在法庭和国会与拜登对抗。参议院共和党人立即发起请愿，要求投票推翻疫苗授权，但由于民主党控制了众议院，这一努力几乎肯定会失败。</blockquote></p><p> More than two dozen Republicans serving as state attorneys general have indicated they plan to sue, arguing that only Congress can enact such sweeping requirements under emergency authority.</p><p><blockquote>二十多名担任州总检察长的共和党人表示，他们计划提起诉讼，认为只有国会才能根据紧急权力制定如此全面的要求。</blockquote></p><p> Last week, 19 states sued to stop Biden’s narrower mandate that employees of federal contractors be vaccinated. That requirement was scheduled to take effect Dec. 8, but the administration said Thursday it will be delayed until Jan. 4 to match the requirements on other large employers and health care providers.</p><p><blockquote>上周，19个州提起诉讼，要求阻止拜登对联邦承包商员工接种疫苗的狭隘要求。该要求原定于12月8日生效，但政府周四表示，将推迟到1月4日，以符合其他大型雇主和医疗保健提供商的要求。</blockquote></p><p> The rules will require workers to receive either two doses of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines or one dose of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine by Jan. 4 or be tested weekly. Employees who test positive must be removed from the workplace.</p><p><blockquote>这些规定将要求工人在1月4日之前接受两剂辉瑞或Moderna疫苗或一剂强生疫苗，或者每周接受一次检测。检测呈阳性的员工必须被带离工作场所。</blockquote></p><p> The requirements will not apply to people who work at home or outdoors.</p><p><blockquote>这些要求不适用于在家或户外工作的人。</blockquote></p><p> Companies won’t be required to provide or pay for the tests, but they must give paid time off for employees to get vaccines and sick leave to recover from side effects that prevent them from working. The requirements for masks and paid time off for shots will take effect Dec. 5.</p><p><blockquote>公司不会被要求提供或支付测试费用，但他们必须给员工带薪休假来接种疫苗和病假，以从阻止他们工作的副作用中恢复过来。戴口罩和带薪休假的要求将于12月5日生效。</blockquote></p><p> The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services issued a separate rule requiring vaccination for workers in 76,000 health facilities and home health care providers that get funding from the government health programs. A senior administration official said that several large private health care organizations imposed their own mandates and achieved high vaccination rates — 96% or higher — without widespread resignations.</p><p><blockquote>医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心发布了一项单独的规定，要求从政府卫生计划中获得资金的76,000家卫生机构和家庭卫生保健提供者的工作人员接种疫苗。一位高级政府官员表示，几家大型私人医疗保健组织实施了自己的任务，并实现了96%或更高的高疫苗接种率，而没有出现广泛的辞职。</blockquote></p><p> The White House sees the new requirements as a potent tool to winnow down the ranks of the tens of millions of Americans who have thus far refused to get a shot.</p><p><blockquote>白宫将新要求视为筛选迄今为止拒绝接种疫苗的数千万美国人的有力工具。</blockquote></p><p> For weeks, Biden ha sencouraged businesses not to wait for the OSHA rule to take effect. He has touted businesses that have already announced their own vaccine mandates and urged other companies to follow their lead.</p><p><blockquote>几周来，拜登一直鼓励企业不要等待OSHA规则生效。他吹捧那些已经宣布自己的疫苗授权的企业，并敦促其他公司效仿他们的做法。</blockquote></p><p> Administration officials say those efforts are paying off, with about 70% of the nation’s adults now fully vaccinated.</p><p><blockquote>政府官员表示，这些努力正在取得成效，目前全国约70%的成年人已完全接种疫苗。</blockquote></p><p></p><p> Walmart, the nation’s largest private employer, said in late July it was requiring all workers at its headquarters in Bentonville, Arkansas, as well as its managers who travel within the U.S., to be vaccinated against COVID-19 by Oct. 4. But the company had stopped short of requiring shots for its frontline workers.</p><p><blockquote>美国最大的私营雇主沃尔玛在7月下旬表示，要求其位于阿肯色州本顿维尔总部的所有员工以及在美国境内旅行的经理在10月4日之前接种新冠肺炎疫苗。但该公司并未要求一线员工注射疫苗。</blockquote></p><p> United Airlines required U.S. employees to get vaccinated or face termination. Only a very small number of its 67,000 workers refused to do so.</p><p><blockquote>美联航要求美国员工接种疫苗，否则将面临解雇。其67,000名工人中只有极少数人拒绝这样做。</blockquote></p><p> In August, Tyson Foods told its 120,000 U.S. workers that they must be vaccinated by Nov. 1. A week before that deadline, the company said 96% of its workforce was fully vaccinated.</p><p><blockquote>8月，泰森食品公司告诉其12万名美国工人，他们必须在11月1日之前接种疫苗。在截止日期前一周，该公司表示96%的员工已完全接种疫苗。</blockquote></p><p> However, some companies have expressed fear that some vaccine-hesitant workers might quit, leaving their workforces even thinner in what is already a tight labor market.</p><p><blockquote>然而，一些公司表示担心，一些对疫苗犹豫不决的工人可能会辞职，使他们的劳动力在本已紧张的劳动力市场中变得更加稀少。</blockquote></p><p> Several large business groups complained about the timing of the mandate. Retail groups worried that the requirement could disrupt their operations during the critical Christmas shopping period. Retailers and others also said it could worsen supply chain disruptions.</p><p><blockquote>几个大型商业团体抱怨这项授权的时机。零售集团担心这一要求可能会扰乱他们在关键的圣诞购物期间的运营。零售商和其他人也表示，这可能会加剧供应链中断。</blockquote></p><p> The National Retail Federation suggested that the new rules are not needed because the rolling average number of new daily cases in the U.S. has fallen by more than half since September.</p><p><blockquote>全国零售联合会表示，不需要新规则，因为自9月份以来，美国每日新增病例的滚动平均数量已下降一半以上。</blockquote></p><p> “Nevertheless, the Biden administration has chosen to declare an ‘emergency’ and impose burdensome new requirements on retailers during the crucial holiday shopping season,” said David French, a senior vice president for the trade group.</p><p><blockquote>该贸易组织高级副总裁戴维·弗伦奇表示：“尽管如此，拜登政府还是选择宣布进入‘紧急状态’，并在关键的假日购物季对零售商提出繁重的新要求。”</blockquote></p><p> The number of new COVID-19 infections in the U.S. is still falling from a summer surge caused by the highly contagious delta variant, but the rate of decline has slowed in recent weeks. The 7-day moving average is down 6% from two weeks ago, at more than 76,000 new cases and 1,200 deaths per day.</p><p><blockquote>美国新增COVID-19感染人数仍在从高传染性德尔塔变异毒株导致的夏季激增中下降，但最近几周下降速度有所放缓。7天移动平均线较两周前下降6%，每天新增病例超过76,000例，死亡1,200例。</blockquote></p><p> The earlier mandate on federal contractors led to demonstrations by opponents, including workers at a NASA rocket engine test site in Mississippi. Some said they are immune because they contracted COVID-19. Others said vaccines violated their religious beliefs and constitutional rights.</p><p><blockquote>早些时候对联邦承包商的授权导致了反对者的示威，其中包括密西西比州美国宇航局火箭发动机试验场的工人。一些人说他们有免疫力，因为他们感染了新冠肺炎病毒。其他人则表示，疫苗侵犯了他们的宗教信仰和宪法权利。</blockquote></p><p> “No one should be forced to take a medical treatment just to keep their job,” said Nyla Trumbach, an engineer at the site. “There’s years and years of experience and skill out here, and I just want anyone who’s watching to see what we stand to lose here if these people don’t keep their jobs.”</p><p><blockquote>“任何人都不应该仅仅为了保住工作而被迫接受治疗，”该网站的工程师尼拉·特朗巴赫(Nyla Trumbach)说。“这里有多年的经验和技能，我只是想让任何观看的人都知道，如果这些人不保住工作，我们会失去什么。”</blockquote></p><p> Dozens of groups sought meetings with administration officials toair their concernsand objections to likely provisions of the OSHA rule, including the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the National Association of Manufacturers, the AFL-CIO and anti-vaccine organizations.</p><p><blockquote>数十个团体寻求与政府官员会面，表达他们对OSHA规则可能条款的担忧和反对，其中包括美国商会、全国制造商协会、AFL-CIO和反疫苗组织。</blockquote></p><p></p>","source":"lsy1603278176698","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; 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color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nUS mandates vaccines or tests for big companies by Jan. 4<blockquote>美国要求大公司在1月4日之前接种疫苗或进行测试</blockquote>\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<p class=\"head\">\n<strong class=\"h-name small\">Associated Press News</strong><span class=\"h-time small\">2021-11-04 23:28</span>\n</p>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p>Tens of millions of Americans who work at companies with 100 or more employees will need to be fully vaccinated against COVID-19 by Jan. 4 or get tested for the virus weekly under government rules issued Thursday.</p><p><blockquote>根据周四发布的政府规定，在拥有100名或更多员工的公司工作的数千万美国人需要在1月4日之前全面接种COVID-19疫苗，或者每周接受病毒检测。</blockquote></p><p> The new requirements, which were first previewed by President Joe Biden in September, will apply to about 84 million workers at medium and large businesses, although it is not clear how many of those employees are unvaccinated.</p><p><blockquote>美国总统乔·拜登(Joe Biden)于9月份首次预览了这些新要求，将适用于大中型企业的约8400万名员工，尽管尚不清楚其中有多少员工未接种疫苗。</blockquote></p><p> The Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations will force the companies to require that unvaccinated workers test negative for COVID-19 at least once a week and wear a mask while in the workplace.</p><p><blockquote>职业安全与健康管理局的规定将迫使公司要求未接种疫苗的工人每周至少进行一次新冠肺炎病毒检测呈阴性，并在工作场所佩戴口罩。</blockquote></p><p> OSHA left open the possibility of expanding the requirement to smaller businesses. It asked for public comment on whether employers with fewer than 100 employees could handle vaccination or testing programs.</p><p><blockquote>OSHA保留了将该要求扩展到小型企业的可能性。它就员工少于100人的雇主是否可以处理疫苗接种或检测项目征求公众意见。</blockquote></p><p> Tougher rules will apply to another 17 million people who work in nursing homes, hospitals and other facilities that receive money from Medicare and Medicaid. Those workers will not have an option for testing — they will need to be vaccinated.</p><p><blockquote>更严格的规定将适用于另外1700万在疗养院、医院和其他接受医疗保险和医疗补助的机构工作的人。这些工人将没有检测的选择——他们需要接种疫苗。</blockquote></p><p> Workers will be able to ask for exemptions on medical or religious grounds.</p><p><blockquote>工人将能够以医疗或宗教为由要求豁免。</blockquote></p><p> OSHA said companies that fail to comply with the regulations could face penalties of nearly $14,000 per violation.</p><p><blockquote>OSHA表示，不遵守规定的公司每次违规可能面临近14,000美元的罚款。</blockquote></p><p> It was unclear how OSHA planned to enforce the rules: Even counting allied regulators at the state level, the agency has only 1,850 inspectors to oversee 130 million workers at 8 million workplaces. A senior administration official said OSHA will target companies if it gets complaints.</p><p><blockquote>目前尚不清楚OSHA计划如何执行这些规则：即使算上州一级的联合监管机构，该机构也只有1,850名检查员来监管800万个工作场所的1.3亿名工人。一名高级政府官员表示，如果收到投诉，OSHA将针对公司。</blockquote></p><p> The release of the rules followed weeks of regulatory review and meetings with business groups, labor unions and others. The regulations form the cornerstone of Biden’s most aggressive effort yet to combat the spread of COVID-19, which has killed more than 740,000 people in the U.S.</p><p><blockquote>这些规则是在经过数周的监管审查以及与商业团体、工会和其他人的会议之后发布的。这些规定是拜登迄今为止最积极努力抗击COVID-19传播的基石，该病毒已在美国造成超过74万人死亡。</blockquote></p><p> OSHA drafted the rules under emergency authority meant to protect workers from an imminent health hazard. The agency estimated that the vaccine mandate will save more than 6,500 worker lives and prevent more than 250,000 hospitalizations over the next six months.</p><p><blockquote>OSHA根据紧急授权起草了这些规则，旨在保护工人免受迫在眉睫的健康危害。该机构估计，疫苗授权将在未来六个月内挽救6,500多名工人的生命，并防止超过250,000人住院。</blockquote></p><p> Senior administration officials said the rules preempt conflicting state laws or orders, including those that ban employers from requiring vaccinations, testing or the wearing of face masks.</p><p><blockquote>高级政府官员表示，这些规定优先于相互冲突的州法律或命令，包括那些禁止雇主要求接种疫苗、检测或戴口罩的法律或命令。</blockquote></p><p> The administration will face an immediate challenge from Republican state officials who are eager to fight Biden in court and in Congress. Senate Republicans immediately launched a petition to force a vote to overturn the vaccine mandate, but with Democrats controlling the chamber, the effort is nearly certain to fail.</p><p><blockquote>政府将立即面临共和党州官员的挑战，他们渴望在法庭和国会与拜登对抗。参议院共和党人立即发起请愿，要求投票推翻疫苗授权，但由于民主党控制了众议院，这一努力几乎肯定会失败。</blockquote></p><p> More than two dozen Republicans serving as state attorneys general have indicated they plan to sue, arguing that only Congress can enact such sweeping requirements under emergency authority.</p><p><blockquote>二十多名担任州总检察长的共和党人表示，他们计划提起诉讼，认为只有国会才能根据紧急权力制定如此全面的要求。</blockquote></p><p> Last week, 19 states sued to stop Biden’s narrower mandate that employees of federal contractors be vaccinated. That requirement was scheduled to take effect Dec. 8, but the administration said Thursday it will be delayed until Jan. 4 to match the requirements on other large employers and health care providers.</p><p><blockquote>上周，19个州提起诉讼，要求阻止拜登对联邦承包商员工接种疫苗的狭隘要求。该要求原定于12月8日生效，但政府周四表示，将推迟到1月4日，以符合其他大型雇主和医疗保健提供商的要求。</blockquote></p><p> The rules will require workers to receive either two doses of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines or one dose of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine by Jan. 4 or be tested weekly. Employees who test positive must be removed from the workplace.</p><p><blockquote>这些规定将要求工人在1月4日之前接受两剂辉瑞或Moderna疫苗或一剂强生疫苗，或者每周接受一次检测。检测呈阳性的员工必须被带离工作场所。</blockquote></p><p> The requirements will not apply to people who work at home or outdoors.</p><p><blockquote>这些要求不适用于在家或户外工作的人。</blockquote></p><p> Companies won’t be required to provide or pay for the tests, but they must give paid time off for employees to get vaccines and sick leave to recover from side effects that prevent them from working. The requirements for masks and paid time off for shots will take effect Dec. 5.</p><p><blockquote>公司不会被要求提供或支付测试费用，但他们必须给员工带薪休假来接种疫苗和病假，以从阻止他们工作的副作用中恢复过来。戴口罩和带薪休假的要求将于12月5日生效。</blockquote></p><p> The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services issued a separate rule requiring vaccination for workers in 76,000 health facilities and home health care providers that get funding from the government health programs. A senior administration official said that several large private health care organizations imposed their own mandates and achieved high vaccination rates — 96% or higher — without widespread resignations.</p><p><blockquote>医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心发布了一项单独的规定，要求从政府卫生计划中获得资金的76,000家卫生机构和家庭卫生保健提供者的工作人员接种疫苗。一位高级政府官员表示，几家大型私人医疗保健组织实施了自己的任务，并实现了96%或更高的高疫苗接种率，而没有出现广泛的辞职。</blockquote></p><p> The White House sees the new requirements as a potent tool to winnow down the ranks of the tens of millions of Americans who have thus far refused to get a shot.</p><p><blockquote>白宫将新要求视为筛选迄今为止拒绝接种疫苗的数千万美国人的有力工具。</blockquote></p><p> For weeks, Biden ha sencouraged businesses not to wait for the OSHA rule to take effect. He has touted businesses that have already announced their own vaccine mandates and urged other companies to follow their lead.</p><p><blockquote>几周来，拜登一直鼓励企业不要等待OSHA规则生效。他吹捧那些已经宣布自己的疫苗授权的企业，并敦促其他公司效仿他们的做法。</blockquote></p><p> Administration officials say those efforts are paying off, with about 70% of the nation’s adults now fully vaccinated.</p><p><blockquote>政府官员表示，这些努力正在取得成效，目前全国约70%的成年人已完全接种疫苗。</blockquote></p><p></p><p> Walmart, the nation’s largest private employer, said in late July it was requiring all workers at its headquarters in Bentonville, Arkansas, as well as its managers who travel within the U.S., to be vaccinated against COVID-19 by Oct. 4. But the company had stopped short of requiring shots for its frontline workers.</p><p><blockquote>美国最大的私营雇主沃尔玛在7月下旬表示，要求其位于阿肯色州本顿维尔总部的所有员工以及在美国境内旅行的经理在10月4日之前接种新冠肺炎疫苗。但该公司并未要求一线员工注射疫苗。</blockquote></p><p> United Airlines required U.S. employees to get vaccinated or face termination. Only a very small number of its 67,000 workers refused to do so.</p><p><blockquote>美联航要求美国员工接种疫苗，否则将面临解雇。其67,000名工人中只有极少数人拒绝这样做。</blockquote></p><p> In August, Tyson Foods told its 120,000 U.S. workers that they must be vaccinated by Nov. 1. A week before that deadline, the company said 96% of its workforce was fully vaccinated.</p><p><blockquote>8月，泰森食品公司告诉其12万名美国工人，他们必须在11月1日之前接种疫苗。在截止日期前一周，该公司表示96%的员工已完全接种疫苗。</blockquote></p><p> However, some companies have expressed fear that some vaccine-hesitant workers might quit, leaving their workforces even thinner in what is already a tight labor market.</p><p><blockquote>然而，一些公司表示担心，一些对疫苗犹豫不决的工人可能会辞职，使他们的劳动力在本已紧张的劳动力市场中变得更加稀少。</blockquote></p><p> Several large business groups complained about the timing of the mandate. Retail groups worried that the requirement could disrupt their operations during the critical Christmas shopping period. Retailers and others also said it could worsen supply chain disruptions.</p><p><blockquote>几个大型商业团体抱怨这项授权的时机。零售集团担心这一要求可能会扰乱他们在关键的圣诞购物期间的运营。零售商和其他人也表示，这可能会加剧供应链中断。</blockquote></p><p> The National Retail Federation suggested that the new rules are not needed because the rolling average number of new daily cases in the U.S. has fallen by more than half since September.</p><p><blockquote>全国零售联合会表示，不需要新规则，因为自9月份以来，美国每日新增病例的滚动平均数量已下降一半以上。</blockquote></p><p> “Nevertheless, the Biden administration has chosen to declare an ‘emergency’ and impose burdensome new requirements on retailers during the crucial holiday shopping season,” said David French, a senior vice president for the trade group.</p><p><blockquote>该贸易组织高级副总裁戴维·弗伦奇表示：“尽管如此，拜登政府还是选择宣布进入‘紧急状态’，并在关键的假日购物季对零售商提出繁重的新要求。”</blockquote></p><p> The number of new COVID-19 infections in the U.S. is still falling from a summer surge caused by the highly contagious delta variant, but the rate of decline has slowed in recent weeks. The 7-day moving average is down 6% from two weeks ago, at more than 76,000 new cases and 1,200 deaths per day.</p><p><blockquote>美国新增COVID-19感染人数仍在从高传染性德尔塔变异毒株导致的夏季激增中下降，但最近几周下降速度有所放缓。7天移动平均线较两周前下降6%，每天新增病例超过76,000例，死亡1,200例。</blockquote></p><p> The earlier mandate on federal contractors led to demonstrations by opponents, including workers at a NASA rocket engine test site in Mississippi. Some said they are immune because they contracted COVID-19. Others said vaccines violated their religious beliefs and constitutional rights.</p><p><blockquote>早些时候对联邦承包商的授权导致了反对者的示威，其中包括密西西比州美国宇航局火箭发动机试验场的工人。一些人说他们有免疫力，因为他们感染了新冠肺炎病毒。其他人则表示，疫苗侵犯了他们的宗教信仰和宪法权利。</blockquote></p><p> “No one should be forced to take a medical treatment just to keep their job,” said Nyla Trumbach, an engineer at the site. “There’s years and years of experience and skill out here, and I just want anyone who’s watching to see what we stand to lose here if these people don’t keep their jobs.”</p><p><blockquote>“任何人都不应该仅仅为了保住工作而被迫接受治疗，”该网站的工程师尼拉·特朗巴赫(Nyla Trumbach)说。“这里有多年的经验和技能，我只是想让任何观看的人都知道，如果这些人不保住工作，我们会失去什么。”</blockquote></p><p> Dozens of groups sought meetings with administration officials toair their concernsand objections to likely provisions of the OSHA rule, including the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the National Association of Manufacturers, the AFL-CIO and anti-vaccine organizations.</p><p><blockquote>数十个团体寻求与政府官员会面，表达他们对OSHA规则可能条款的担忧和反对，其中包括美国商会、全国制造商协会、AFL-CIO和反疫苗组织。</blockquote></p><p></p>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n<p> 来源：<a href=\"https://apnews.com/article/covid-employer-mandates-us-29c2262c336bcfc38da2d14b251daf51\">Associated Press News</a></p>\n<p>为提升您的阅读体验，我们对本页面进行了排版优化</p>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{".DJI":"道琼斯",".IXIC":"NASDAQ Composite",".SPX":"S&P 500 Index"},"source_url":"https://apnews.com/article/covid-employer-mandates-us-29c2262c336bcfc38da2d14b251daf51","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1198892706","content_text":"Tens of millions of Americans who work at companies with 100 or more employees will need to be fully vaccinated against COVID-19 by Jan. 4 or get tested for the virus weekly under government rules issued Thursday.\nThe new requirements, which were first previewed by President Joe Biden in September, will apply to about 84 million workers at medium and large businesses, although it is not clear how many of those employees are unvaccinated.\nThe Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations will force the companies to require that unvaccinated workers test negative for COVID-19 at least once a week and wear a mask while in the workplace.\nOSHA left open the possibility of expanding the requirement to smaller businesses. It asked for public comment on whether employers with fewer than 100 employees could handle vaccination or testing programs.\nTougher rules will apply to another 17 million people who work in nursing homes, hospitals and other facilities that receive money from Medicare and Medicaid. Those workers will not have an option for testing — they will need to be vaccinated.\nWorkers will be able to ask for exemptions on medical or religious grounds.\nOSHA said companies that fail to comply with the regulations could face penalties of nearly $14,000 per violation.\nIt was unclear how OSHA planned to enforce the rules: Even counting allied regulators at the state level, the agency has only 1,850 inspectors to oversee 130 million workers at 8 million workplaces. A senior administration official said OSHA will target companies if it gets complaints.\nThe release of the rules followed weeks of regulatory review and meetings with business groups, labor unions and others. The regulations form the cornerstone of Biden’s most aggressive effort yet to combat the spread of COVID-19, which has killed more than 740,000 people in the U.S.\nOSHA drafted the rules under emergency authority meant to protect workers from an imminent health hazard. The agency estimated that the vaccine mandate will save more than 6,500 worker lives and prevent more than 250,000 hospitalizations over the next six months.\nSenior administration officials said the rules preempt conflicting state laws or orders, including those that ban employers from requiring vaccinations, testing or the wearing of face masks.\nThe administration will face an immediate challenge from Republican state officials who are eager to fight Biden in court and in Congress. Senate Republicans immediately launched a petition to force a vote to overturn the vaccine mandate, but with Democrats controlling the chamber, the effort is nearly certain to fail.\nMore than two dozen Republicans serving as state attorneys general have indicated they plan to sue, arguing that only Congress can enact such sweeping requirements under emergency authority.\nLast week, 19 states sued to stop Biden’s narrower mandate that employees of federal contractors be vaccinated. That requirement was scheduled to take effect Dec. 8, but the administration said Thursday it will be delayed until Jan. 4 to match the requirements on other large employers and health care providers.\nThe rules will require workers to receive either two doses of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines or one dose of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine by Jan. 4 or be tested weekly. Employees who test positive must be removed from the workplace.\nThe requirements will not apply to people who work at home or outdoors.\nCompanies won’t be required to provide or pay for the tests, but they must give paid time off for employees to get vaccines and sick leave to recover from side effects that prevent them from working. The requirements for masks and paid time off for shots will take effect Dec. 5.\nThe Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services issued a separate rule requiring vaccination for workers in 76,000 health facilities and home health care providers that get funding from the government health programs. A senior administration official said that several large private health care organizations imposed their own mandates and achieved high vaccination rates — 96% or higher — without widespread resignations.\nThe White House sees the new requirements as a potent tool to winnow down the ranks of the tens of millions of Americans who have thus far refused to get a shot.\nFor weeks, Biden ha sencouraged businesses not to wait for the OSHA rule to take effect. He has touted businesses that have already announced their own vaccine mandates and urged other companies to follow their lead.\nAdministration officials say those efforts are paying off, with about 70% of the nation’s adults now fully vaccinated.\nWalmart, the nation’s largest private employer, said in late July it was requiring all workers at its headquarters in Bentonville, Arkansas, as well as its managers who travel within the U.S., to be vaccinated against COVID-19 by Oct. 4. But the company had stopped short of requiring shots for its frontline workers.\nUnited Airlines required U.S. employees to get vaccinated or face termination. Only a very small number of its 67,000 workers refused to do so.\nIn August, Tyson Foods told its 120,000 U.S. workers that they must be vaccinated by Nov. 1. A week before that deadline, the company said 96% of its workforce was fully vaccinated.\nHowever, some companies have expressed fear that some vaccine-hesitant workers might quit, leaving their workforces even thinner in what is already a tight labor market.\nSeveral large business groups complained about the timing of the mandate. Retail groups worried that the requirement could disrupt their operations during the critical Christmas shopping period. Retailers and others also said it could worsen supply chain disruptions.\nThe National Retail Federation suggested that the new rules are not needed because the rolling average number of new daily cases in the U.S. has fallen by more than half since September.\n“Nevertheless, the Biden administration has chosen to declare an ‘emergency’ and impose burdensome new requirements on retailers during the crucial holiday shopping season,” said David French, a senior vice president for the trade group.\nThe number of new COVID-19 infections in the U.S. is still falling from a summer surge caused by the highly contagious delta variant, but the rate of decline has slowed in recent weeks. The 7-day moving average is down 6% from two weeks ago, at more than 76,000 new cases and 1,200 deaths per day.\nThe earlier mandate on federal contractors led to demonstrations by opponents, including workers at a NASA rocket engine test site in Mississippi. Some said they are immune because they contracted COVID-19. Others said vaccines violated their religious beliefs and constitutional rights.\n“No one should be forced to take a medical treatment just to keep their job,” said Nyla Trumbach, an engineer at the site. “There’s years and years of experience and skill out here, and I just want anyone who’s watching to see what we stand to lose here if these people don’t keep their jobs.”\nDozens of groups sought meetings with administration officials toair their concernsand objections to likely provisions of the OSHA rule, including the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the National Association of Manufacturers, the AFL-CIO and anti-vaccine organizations.","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{".SPX":0.9,".DJI":0.9,".IXIC":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":871,"commentLimit":10,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"symbols":[],"verified":2,"subType":0,"readableState":1,"langContent":"CN","currentLanguage":"CN","warmUpFlag":false,"orderFlag":false,"shareable":true,"causeOfNotShareable":"","featuresForAnalytics":[],"commentAndTweetFlag":false,"andRepostAutoSelectedFlag":false,"upFlag":false,"length":4,"xxTargetLangEnum":"ZH_CN"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"isTiger":false,"isWeiXinMini":false,"url":"/m/post/846101088"}
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