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2021-11-05
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Climate Promises by Businesses Face New Scrutiny<blockquote>企业的气候承诺面临新的审查</blockquote>
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How many will live up to them and how will anyone know if they are complying?</p><p><blockquote>在格拉斯哥举行的联合国气候变化会议充满了公司减少碳排放的承诺。有多少人会辜负他们，怎么会有人知道他们是否遵守？</blockquote></p><p> A sampling of new commitments includes United Airlines Holdings Inc.,which says it will replace 5% of its jet fuel with biofuel alternatives by 2030, and more than 450 banks and other financial firms who say they are shifting their businesses toward clean energy. Dozens of other businesses talked up their climate plans.</p><p><blockquote>新承诺的样本包括联合航空控股公司（United Airlines Holdings Inc.），该公司表示将到 2030 年用生物燃料替代品取代 5% 的喷气燃料，以及 450 多家银行和其他金融公司，它们表示正在将业务转向清洁能源。数十家其他企业谈论了他们的气候计划。</blockquote></p><p> Two-thirds of S&P 500 companies by the end of last year had set a carbon target, up from less than half at the end of 2017, and the tally is continuing to rise rapidly, according to data provider Refinitiv.</p><p><blockquote>数据提供商路孚特 (Refinitiv) 的数据显示，截至去年年底，三分之二的标普500公司制定了碳目标，高于 2017 年底的不到一半，而且这一数字还在继续快速增长。</blockquote></p><p> These targets have been hard to track, much less enforce. A survey of big companies published last month by Boston Consulting Group found that just 11% had met their emission-reduction goals over the past five years.</p><p><blockquote>这些目标很难跟踪，更不用说执行了。波士顿咨询集团上个月发布的一项大公司调查发现，在过去五年中，只有 11% 的公司达到了减排目标。</blockquote></p><p> That is changing as regulators, investors and activists scrutinize corporate disclosures to make sure businesses aren’t going back on their promises.</p><p><blockquote>随着监管机构、投资者和活动人士对企业信息披露进行审查，以确保企业不会食言，这种情况正在发生变化。</blockquote></p><p> Targets are becoming increasingly standard, and more businesses are aiming for them. That allows the commitments to be more easily verified.</p><p><blockquote>目标正变得越来越标准，越来越多的企业正在瞄准它们。这使得承诺更容易被验证。</blockquote></p><p> The Securities and Exchange Commission may require companies to report progress against their goals under new climate rules it is drafting, officials have said.</p><p><blockquote>官员们表示，美国证券交易委员会可能会要求公司根据其正在起草的新气候规则报告其目标的进展情况。</blockquote></p><p> Investors and activists are also ramping up their scrutiny of targets, putting pressure on high-emissions companies and their banks to set more demanding benchmarks.</p><p><blockquote>投资者和活动人士也在加强对目标的审查，向高排放公司及其银行施压，要求其设定更严格的基准。</blockquote></p><p> Several initiatives at this week’s summit involved science-based targets—ones in line with the 1.5 degrees Celsius limit on global warming that scientists say is needed to limit climate change.</p><p><blockquote>本周峰会上的几项倡议都涉及以科学为基础的目标--科学家们认为，这些目标与全球变暖 1.5 摄氏度的限制一致，是限制气候变化所必需的。</blockquote></p><p> Only around one in five S&P 500 companies have science-based targets, but this proportion will likely increase under pressure from investors, proxy advisers and regulators, Morgan Stanley analysts said last month.</p><p><blockquote>摩根士丹利分析师上个月表示，只有大约五分之一的标普500公司制定了基于科学的目标，但在投资者、代理顾问和监管机构的压力下，这一比例可能会增加。</blockquote></p><p> The Science Based Targets initiative, which verifies this type of climate goal, also forces companies to meet their promises without climate gimmickry. The group doesn’t allow companies to effectively reduce their carbon emissions by using offsets like paying for trees to be planted.</p><p><blockquote>验证这种类型气候目标的科学目标倡议也迫使公司在没有气候噱头的情况下兑现承诺。该组织不允许公司通过支付植树费用等抵消措施来有效减少碳排放。</blockquote></p><p> United joined a new alliance backing green tech called the First Movers Coalition. It was launched Thursday in Glasgow by U.S. climate envoy John Kerry and the World Economic Forum.</p><p><blockquote>美联航加入了一个支持绿色技术的新联盟，称为“先行者联盟”。它是由美国气候特使约翰·克里和世界经济论坛周四在格拉斯哥发起的。</blockquote></p><p> Airlines in the group have committed to replacing at least 5% of conventional jet fuel—their biggest source of planet-warming emissions—with biofuel alternatives by 2030. For United, that target is a stopover on its long-haul “100% green” ambition of having zero carbon emissions by 2050.</p><p><blockquote>该集团旗下的航空公司承诺到 2030 年用生物燃料替代品取代至少 5% 的传统喷气燃料（其最大的地球变暖排放源）。对于美联航来说，这一目标是其到 2050 年实现零碳排放的长期 “100% 绿色 ”雄心的中途停留。</blockquote></p><p> The 2050 target depends on the success of untested carbon capture technologies, as well as sustainable fuels becoming commercially viable. It is also at odds with United’s recent emissions history: the company’s carbon footprint increased by 10%, from 38 million to 42 million tons, in the five years through 2019, its data show.</p><p><blockquote>2050年的目标取决于未经测试的碳捕获技术的成功，以及可持续燃料的商业可行性。这也与美联航最近的排放历史不符： 其数据显示，在截至 2019 年的五年中，该公司的碳足迹增加了 10%，从 3800 万吨增加到 4200 万吨。</blockquote></p><p> A United spokeswoman said the airline holds 1½ times the biofuels commitments of the rest of the world’s airlines combined.</p><p><blockquote>美联航的一位女发言人说，该航空公司的生物燃料承诺是世界其他航空公司总和的 1.5 倍。</blockquote></p><p> Kevin Moss of the World Resources Institute, one of the organizations behind the First Movers initiative, said offsets such as funding forests were helpful for the climate, but not a substitute for cutting greenhouse gases.</p><p><blockquote>世界资源研究所（World Resources Institute）的凯文·莫斯（Kevin Moss）是先行者倡议背后的组织之一，他表示，资助森林等补偿措施有助于气候，但不能替代减少温室气体排放。</blockquote></p><p> “The science requires that emissions are reduced at [a certain] level,” he said. “Most companies need to reduce by 90% to 95% by 2050.”</p><p><blockquote>“他说：”科学要求将排放量减少到[一定]水平。“到 2050 年，大多数公司需要减少 90% 到 95%”。</blockquote></p><p> Conoco Phillips was the first U.S. oil-and-gas company to commit to net zero operational emissions by 2050, according to its website.</p><p><blockquote>据其网站称，康菲石油公司是第一家承诺到 2050 年实现净零排放的美国石油和天然气公司。</blockquote></p><p> Shareholders this year said that wasn’t good enough. They voted to require Conoco Phillips to also promise to reduce the greenhouse gases created by the use of its fuels by its customers, known as Scope 3 emissions.</p><p><blockquote>今年的股东们说这还不够好。他们投票要求康菲石油公司还承诺减少客户使用其燃料产生的温室气体，即范围 3 排放。</blockquote></p><p> That could have forced Conoco Phillips to produce less oil and gas. But the company said it isn’t measuring its emissions by total carbon output. Instead it tracks the amount of carbon it emits to produce a given amount of oil or gas, known as its carbon intensity.</p><p><blockquote>这可能会迫使康菲石油公司减少石油和天然气产量。但该公司表示，它不会用碳排放总量来衡量其排放量。相反，它跟踪它为生产一定量的石油或天然气而排放的碳量，称为碳强度。</blockquote></p><p> That made it easier for Conoco Phillips to sign a $9.5 billion dealto buy U.S. shale assets. It acknowledges the deal will increase its overall emissions, at least in the short term.</p><p><blockquote>这使得康菲石油公司更容易签署一项价值 95 亿美元的购买美国页岩资产的协议。它承认该交易将增加其总体排放量，至少在短期内是这样。</blockquote></p><p> A Conoco Phillips spokesman said the newly-acquired assets have some of the lowest greenhouse gas-intensity in the world. The deal is consistent with the company’s strategy for meeting energy demand through the transition to a lower-carbon economy, he added.</p><p><blockquote>康菲石油公司发言人表示，新收购的资产拥有世界上最低的温室气体强度。他补充说，这笔交易符合公司通过向低碳经济转型来满足能源需求的战略。</blockquote></p><p> The rising scrutiny of targets set by heavy emitters also affects the banks that finance those firms.</p><p><blockquote>重度发行人设定的目标受到越来越多的审查，也影响了为这些公司提供融资的银行。</blockquote></p><p></p><p> Bank of America Corp. this year announced its ambition to have net zero emissions by 2050, meaning any carbon dioxide it created would be canceled by reductions elsewhere.</p><p><blockquote>美国银行今年宣布，其目标是到 2050 年实现净零排放，这意味着它产生的任何二氧化碳都将被其他地方的减排所抵消。</blockquote></p><p> It was criticized by green groups for not taking more immediate steps, such as stopping its financing for companies building the new Mountain Valley pipeline that is planned to transport fracked gas from northwestern West Virginia to southern Virginia.</p><p><blockquote>绿色团体批评它没有采取更直接的措施，例如停止为建设新山谷管道的公司提供融资，该管道计划将水力压裂天然气从西弗吉尼亚州西北部输送到弗吉尼亚州南部。</blockquote></p><p> “2050 commitments are just hot air without meaningful 2021 action on fossil fuels and deforestation,” the Rainforest Action Network said.</p><p><blockquote>“雨林行动网络（Rainforest Action Network）说：”2050 年的承诺只是空话，如果没有在 2021 年对化石燃料和森林砍伐采取有意义的行动。</blockquote></p><p> The bank has committed to $1 trillion of financing by 2030 to support the transition to a lower-carbon economy.</p><p><blockquote>该银行承诺到 2030 年提供 1 万亿美元的融资，以支持向低碳经济转型。</blockquote></p><p></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Climate Promises by Businesses Face New Scrutiny<blockquote>企业的气候承诺面临新的审查</blockquote></title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nClimate Promises by Businesses Face New Scrutiny<blockquote>企业的气候承诺面临新的审查</blockquote>\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<p class=\"head\">\n<strong class=\"h-name small\">Wall Street Journal</strong><span class=\"h-time small\">2021-11-05 17:57</span>\n</p>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p>The United Nations conference on climate change in Glasgow has been full of promises by companiesto reduce their carbon emissions. How many will live up to them and how will anyone know if they are complying?</p><p><blockquote>在格拉斯哥举行的联合国气候变化会议充满了公司减少碳排放的承诺。有多少人会辜负他们，怎么会有人知道他们是否遵守？</blockquote></p><p> A sampling of new commitments includes United Airlines Holdings Inc.,which says it will replace 5% of its jet fuel with biofuel alternatives by 2030, and more than 450 banks and other financial firms who say they are shifting their businesses toward clean energy. Dozens of other businesses talked up their climate plans.</p><p><blockquote>新承诺的样本包括联合航空控股公司（United Airlines Holdings Inc.），该公司表示将到 2030 年用生物燃料替代品取代 5% 的喷气燃料，以及 450 多家银行和其他金融公司，它们表示正在将业务转向清洁能源。数十家其他企业谈论了他们的气候计划。</blockquote></p><p> Two-thirds of S&P 500 companies by the end of last year had set a carbon target, up from less than half at the end of 2017, and the tally is continuing to rise rapidly, according to data provider Refinitiv.</p><p><blockquote>数据提供商路孚特 (Refinitiv) 的数据显示，截至去年年底，三分之二的标普500公司制定了碳目标，高于 2017 年底的不到一半，而且这一数字还在继续快速增长。</blockquote></p><p> These targets have been hard to track, much less enforce. A survey of big companies published last month by Boston Consulting Group found that just 11% had met their emission-reduction goals over the past five years.</p><p><blockquote>这些目标很难跟踪，更不用说执行了。波士顿咨询集团上个月发布的一项大公司调查发现，在过去五年中，只有 11% 的公司达到了减排目标。</blockquote></p><p> That is changing as regulators, investors and activists scrutinize corporate disclosures to make sure businesses aren’t going back on their promises.</p><p><blockquote>随着监管机构、投资者和活动人士对企业信息披露进行审查，以确保企业不会食言，这种情况正在发生变化。</blockquote></p><p> Targets are becoming increasingly standard, and more businesses are aiming for them. That allows the commitments to be more easily verified.</p><p><blockquote>目标正变得越来越标准，越来越多的企业正在瞄准它们。这使得承诺更容易被验证。</blockquote></p><p> The Securities and Exchange Commission may require companies to report progress against their goals under new climate rules it is drafting, officials have said.</p><p><blockquote>官员们表示，美国证券交易委员会可能会要求公司根据其正在起草的新气候规则报告其目标的进展情况。</blockquote></p><p> Investors and activists are also ramping up their scrutiny of targets, putting pressure on high-emissions companies and their banks to set more demanding benchmarks.</p><p><blockquote>投资者和活动人士也在加强对目标的审查，向高排放公司及其银行施压，要求其设定更严格的基准。</blockquote></p><p> Several initiatives at this week’s summit involved science-based targets—ones in line with the 1.5 degrees Celsius limit on global warming that scientists say is needed to limit climate change.</p><p><blockquote>本周峰会上的几项倡议都涉及以科学为基础的目标--科学家们认为，这些目标与全球变暖 1.5 摄氏度的限制一致，是限制气候变化所必需的。</blockquote></p><p> Only around one in five S&P 500 companies have science-based targets, but this proportion will likely increase under pressure from investors, proxy advisers and regulators, Morgan Stanley analysts said last month.</p><p><blockquote>摩根士丹利分析师上个月表示，只有大约五分之一的标普500公司制定了基于科学的目标，但在投资者、代理顾问和监管机构的压力下，这一比例可能会增加。</blockquote></p><p> The Science Based Targets initiative, which verifies this type of climate goal, also forces companies to meet their promises without climate gimmickry. The group doesn’t allow companies to effectively reduce their carbon emissions by using offsets like paying for trees to be planted.</p><p><blockquote>验证这种类型气候目标的科学目标倡议也迫使公司在没有气候噱头的情况下兑现承诺。该组织不允许公司通过支付植树费用等抵消措施来有效减少碳排放。</blockquote></p><p> United joined a new alliance backing green tech called the First Movers Coalition. It was launched Thursday in Glasgow by U.S. climate envoy John Kerry and the World Economic Forum.</p><p><blockquote>美联航加入了一个支持绿色技术的新联盟，称为“先行者联盟”。它是由美国气候特使约翰·克里和世界经济论坛周四在格拉斯哥发起的。</blockquote></p><p> Airlines in the group have committed to replacing at least 5% of conventional jet fuel—their biggest source of planet-warming emissions—with biofuel alternatives by 2030. For United, that target is a stopover on its long-haul “100% green” ambition of having zero carbon emissions by 2050.</p><p><blockquote>该集团旗下的航空公司承诺到 2030 年用生物燃料替代品取代至少 5% 的传统喷气燃料（其最大的地球变暖排放源）。对于美联航来说，这一目标是其到 2050 年实现零碳排放的长期 “100% 绿色 ”雄心的中途停留。</blockquote></p><p> The 2050 target depends on the success of untested carbon capture technologies, as well as sustainable fuels becoming commercially viable. It is also at odds with United’s recent emissions history: the company’s carbon footprint increased by 10%, from 38 million to 42 million tons, in the five years through 2019, its data show.</p><p><blockquote>2050年的目标取决于未经测试的碳捕获技术的成功，以及可持续燃料的商业可行性。这也与美联航最近的排放历史不符： 其数据显示，在截至 2019 年的五年中，该公司的碳足迹增加了 10%，从 3800 万吨增加到 4200 万吨。</blockquote></p><p> A United spokeswoman said the airline holds 1½ times the biofuels commitments of the rest of the world’s airlines combined.</p><p><blockquote>美联航的一位女发言人说，该航空公司的生物燃料承诺是世界其他航空公司总和的 1.5 倍。</blockquote></p><p> Kevin Moss of the World Resources Institute, one of the organizations behind the First Movers initiative, said offsets such as funding forests were helpful for the climate, but not a substitute for cutting greenhouse gases.</p><p><blockquote>世界资源研究所（World Resources Institute）的凯文·莫斯（Kevin Moss）是先行者倡议背后的组织之一，他表示，资助森林等补偿措施有助于气候，但不能替代减少温室气体排放。</blockquote></p><p> “The science requires that emissions are reduced at [a certain] level,” he said. “Most companies need to reduce by 90% to 95% by 2050.”</p><p><blockquote>“他说：”科学要求将排放量减少到[一定]水平。“到 2050 年，大多数公司需要减少 90% 到 95%”。</blockquote></p><p> Conoco Phillips was the first U.S. oil-and-gas company to commit to net zero operational emissions by 2050, according to its website.</p><p><blockquote>据其网站称，康菲石油公司是第一家承诺到 2050 年实现净零排放的美国石油和天然气公司。</blockquote></p><p> Shareholders this year said that wasn’t good enough. They voted to require Conoco Phillips to also promise to reduce the greenhouse gases created by the use of its fuels by its customers, known as Scope 3 emissions.</p><p><blockquote>今年的股东们说这还不够好。他们投票要求康菲石油公司还承诺减少客户使用其燃料产生的温室气体，即范围 3 排放。</blockquote></p><p> That could have forced Conoco Phillips to produce less oil and gas. But the company said it isn’t measuring its emissions by total carbon output. Instead it tracks the amount of carbon it emits to produce a given amount of oil or gas, known as its carbon intensity.</p><p><blockquote>这可能会迫使康菲石油公司减少石油和天然气产量。但该公司表示，它不会用碳排放总量来衡量其排放量。相反，它跟踪它为生产一定量的石油或天然气而排放的碳量，称为碳强度。</blockquote></p><p> That made it easier for Conoco Phillips to sign a $9.5 billion dealto buy U.S. shale assets. It acknowledges the deal will increase its overall emissions, at least in the short term.</p><p><blockquote>这使得康菲石油公司更容易签署一项价值 95 亿美元的购买美国页岩资产的协议。它承认该交易将增加其总体排放量，至少在短期内是这样。</blockquote></p><p> A Conoco Phillips spokesman said the newly-acquired assets have some of the lowest greenhouse gas-intensity in the world. The deal is consistent with the company’s strategy for meeting energy demand through the transition to a lower-carbon economy, he added.</p><p><blockquote>康菲石油公司发言人表示，新收购的资产拥有世界上最低的温室气体强度。他补充说，这笔交易符合公司通过向低碳经济转型来满足能源需求的战略。</blockquote></p><p> The rising scrutiny of targets set by heavy emitters also affects the banks that finance those firms.</p><p><blockquote>重度发行人设定的目标受到越来越多的审查，也影响了为这些公司提供融资的银行。</blockquote></p><p></p><p> Bank of America Corp. this year announced its ambition to have net zero emissions by 2050, meaning any carbon dioxide it created would be canceled by reductions elsewhere.</p><p><blockquote>美国银行今年宣布，其目标是到 2050 年实现净零排放，这意味着它产生的任何二氧化碳都将被其他地方的减排所抵消。</blockquote></p><p> It was criticized by green groups for not taking more immediate steps, such as stopping its financing for companies building the new Mountain Valley pipeline that is planned to transport fracked gas from northwestern West Virginia to southern Virginia.</p><p><blockquote>绿色团体批评它没有采取更直接的措施，例如停止为建设新山谷管道的公司提供融资，该管道计划将水力压裂天然气从西弗吉尼亚州西北部输送到弗吉尼亚州南部。</blockquote></p><p> “2050 commitments are just hot air without meaningful 2021 action on fossil fuels and deforestation,” the Rainforest Action Network said.</p><p><blockquote>“雨林行动网络（Rainforest Action Network）说：”2050 年的承诺只是空话，如果没有在 2021 年对化石燃料和森林砍伐采取有意义的行动。</blockquote></p><p> The bank has committed to $1 trillion of financing by 2030 to support the transition to a lower-carbon economy.</p><p><blockquote>该银行承诺到 2030 年提供 1 万亿美元的融资，以支持向低碳经济转型。</blockquote></p><p></p>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n<p> 来源：<a href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/climate-promises-by-businesses-face-new-scrutiny-11636104600?mod=hp_lead_pos2\">Wall Street Journal</a></p>\n<p>为提升您的阅读体验，我们对本页面进行了排版优化</p>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{"UAL":"联合大陆航空","COP":"康菲石油"},"source_url":"https://www.wsj.com/articles/climate-promises-by-businesses-face-new-scrutiny-11636104600?mod=hp_lead_pos2","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1114240530","content_text":"The United Nations conference on climate change in Glasgow has been full of promises by companiesto reduce their carbon emissions. How many will live up to them and how will anyone know if they are complying?\nA sampling of new commitments includes United Airlines Holdings Inc.,which says it will replace 5% of its jet fuel with biofuel alternatives by 2030, and more than 450 banks and other financial firms who say they are shifting their businesses toward clean energy. Dozens of other businesses talked up their climate plans.\nTwo-thirds of S&P 500 companies by the end of last year had set a carbon target, up from less than half at the end of 2017, and the tally is continuing to rise rapidly, according to data provider Refinitiv.\nThese targets have been hard to track, much less enforce. A survey of big companies published last month by Boston Consulting Group found that just 11% had met their emission-reduction goals over the past five years.\nThat is changing as regulators, investors and activists scrutinize corporate disclosures to make sure businesses aren’t going back on their promises.\nTargets are becoming increasingly standard, and more businesses are aiming for them. That allows the commitments to be more easily verified.\nThe Securities and Exchange Commission may require companies to report progress against their goals under new climate rules it is drafting, officials have said.\nInvestors and activists are also ramping up their scrutiny of targets, putting pressure on high-emissions companies and their banks to set more demanding benchmarks.\nSeveral initiatives at this week’s summit involved science-based targets—ones in line with the 1.5 degrees Celsius limit on global warming that scientists say is needed to limit climate change.\nOnly around one in five S&P 500 companies have science-based targets, but this proportion will likely increase under pressure from investors, proxy advisers and regulators, Morgan Stanley analysts said last month.\nThe Science Based Targets initiative, which verifies this type of climate goal, also forces companies to meet their promises without climate gimmickry. The group doesn’t allow companies to effectively reduce their carbon emissions by using offsets like paying for trees to be planted.\nUnited joined a new alliance backing green tech called the First Movers Coalition. It was launched Thursday in Glasgow by U.S. climate envoy John Kerry and the World Economic Forum.\nAirlines in the group have committed to replacing at least 5% of conventional jet fuel—their biggest source of planet-warming emissions—with biofuel alternatives by 2030. For United, that target is a stopover on its long-haul “100% green” ambition of having zero carbon emissions by 2050.\nThe 2050 target depends on the success of untested carbon capture technologies, as well as sustainable fuels becoming commercially viable. It is also at odds with United’s recent emissions history: the company’s carbon footprint increased by 10%, from 38 million to 42 million tons, in the five years through 2019, its data show.\nA United spokeswoman said the airline holds 1½ times the biofuels commitments of the rest of the world’s airlines combined.\nKevin Moss of the World Resources Institute, one of the organizations behind the First Movers initiative, said offsets such as funding forests were helpful for the climate, but not a substitute for cutting greenhouse gases.\n“The science requires that emissions are reduced at [a certain] level,” he said. “Most companies need to reduce by 90% to 95% by 2050.”\nConoco Phillips was the first U.S. oil-and-gas company to commit to net zero operational emissions by 2050, according to its website.\nShareholders this year said that wasn’t good enough. They voted to require Conoco Phillips to also promise to reduce the greenhouse gases created by the use of its fuels by its customers, known as Scope 3 emissions.\nThat could have forced Conoco Phillips to produce less oil and gas. But the company said it isn’t measuring its emissions by total carbon output. Instead it tracks the amount of carbon it emits to produce a given amount of oil or gas, known as its carbon intensity.\nThat made it easier for Conoco Phillips to sign a $9.5 billion dealto buy U.S. shale assets. It acknowledges the deal will increase its overall emissions, at least in the short term.\nA Conoco Phillips spokesman said the newly-acquired assets have some of the lowest greenhouse gas-intensity in the world. The deal is consistent with the company’s strategy for meeting energy demand through the transition to a lower-carbon economy, he added.\nThe rising scrutiny of targets set by heavy emitters also affects the banks that finance those firms.\nBank of America Corp. this year announced its ambition to have net zero emissions by 2050, meaning any carbon dioxide it created would be canceled by reductions elsewhere.\nIt was criticized by green groups for not taking more immediate steps, such as stopping its financing for companies building the new Mountain Valley pipeline that is planned to transport fracked gas from northwestern West Virginia to southern Virginia.\n“2050 commitments are just hot air without meaningful 2021 action on fossil fuels and deforestation,” the Rainforest Action Network said.\nThe bank has committed to $1 trillion of financing by 2030 to support the transition to a lower-carbon economy.","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"UAL":0.9,"COP":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1314,"commentLimit":10,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"symbols":[],"verified":2,"subType":0,"readableState":1,"langContent":"CN","currentLanguage":"CN","warmUpFlag":false,"orderFlag":false,"shareable":true,"causeOfNotShareable":"","featuresForAnalytics":[],"commentAndTweetFlag":false,"andRepostAutoSelectedFlag":false,"upFlag":false,"length":7,"subscribersOnly":false,"subscribersOnlyAccessible":false,"xxTargetLangEnum":"ZH_CN"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"isTiger":false,"isWeiXinMini":false,"url":"/m/post/846420531"}
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