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2021-11-22

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Supply-Chain Problems Show Signs of Easing<blockquote>供应链问题出现缓解迹象</blockquote>

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In the U.S., major retailers say they have imported most of what they need for the holidays.Ocean freight rateshave retreated from record levels.<blockquote>在亚洲，与新冠疫情相关的工厂关闭、能源短缺和港口容量限制最近几周有所缓解。在美国，主要零售商表示，他们已经进口了假期所需的大部分商品。海运费已从创纪录水平回落。</blockquote> Still, executives and economists say strong consumer demand for goods in the West, ongoing port congestion in the U.S., shortages of truck drivers and elevated global freight rates continue to hang over any recovery. The risk of more extreme weather and flare-ups of Covid-19 cases can also threaten to clog up supply chains again.<blockquote>尽管如此，高管和经济学家表示，西方消费者对商品的强劲需求、美国持续的港口拥堵、卡车司机短缺以及全球运费上涨继续困扰着任何复苏。更多极端天气和Covid-19病例爆发的风险也可能再次堵塞供应链。</blockquote> An easing of supply-chain choke points would allow production to move toward meeting strong demand and would lower logistics costs. If sustained, that, in turn, would help alleviatethe upward pressure on inflation.<blockquote>供应链瓶颈的缓解将使生产能够满足强劲的需求，并降低物流成本。如果持续下去，这反过来将有助于缓解通胀上行压力。</blockquote> The number of ships waiting to unload at the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, the biggest U.S. gateway for imports from Asia, has improved but is still hovering near record levels. There were 71 container ships anchored offshore on Nov. 19, down from a peak of 86 three days before, according to the Marine Exchange of Southern California, and 17 more were expected to arrive within three days. Before the pandemic, it was unusual for any ships to anchor offshore.<blockquote>美国从亚洲进口的最大门户洛杉矶和长滩港口等待卸货的船只数量有所改善，但仍徘徊在创纪录水平附近。根据南加州海事交易所的数据，11月19日有71艘集装箱船停泊在近海，低于三天前86艘的峰值，预计三天内还有17艘集装箱船抵达。在大流行之前，任何船只在近海抛锚都是不寻常的。</blockquote> Shipping and retail executives say they expect the U.S. port backlogs to clear in early 2022, after the holiday shopping season and when Lunar New Year shuts many factories for a week in February, slowing output.<blockquote>航运和零售业高管表示，他们预计美国港口积压订单将在2022年初清除，即假日购物季结束后，以及2月份农历新年导致许多工厂关闭一周，从而减缓产出。</blockquote> German shipowner Jan Held said congestion, particularly in Asia, is getting better. His ships transport mainly industrial goods, like giant windmills, rather than containers, but would sometimes spend a month waiting outside of Asian ports.<blockquote>德国船东Jan Held表示，拥堵情况，尤其是亚洲的拥堵情况正在好转。他的船只主要运输工业货物，如巨型风车，而不是集装箱，但有时会在亚洲港口外等待一个月。</blockquote> Mr. Held said it would be some time before the global transport system normalizes. “For that, the pandemic has to end and that is not happening any time soon, in my opinion,” said Mr. Held, co-owner of Held Bereederungs GmbH &amp; Co. KG, based in the north German city of Haren.<blockquote>赫尔德先生表示，全球交通系统正常化还需要一段时间。“为此，疫情必须结束，在我看来，这不会很快发生，”总部位于德国北部城市哈伦的Held Bereederungs GmbH&amp;Co.KG的共同所有者Held先生说。</blockquote> Trans-Pacific freight rates have cooled in recent weeks as most big U.S. retailers have imported what they need for the holiday season, gradually opening up space on the front end of the trip. The cost to move a container across the Pacific fell by more than a quarter in the week ended Nov. 12, the biggest decline in two years. Rates rose about 5% this week to about $14,700 per 40-foot container and are still more than three times year-ago levels, according to the Freightos Baltic Index.<blockquote>最近几周，随着大多数美国大型零售商进口假期所需的货物，跨太平洋运费有所降温，逐渐打开了旅行前端的空间。截至11月12日当周，跨越太平洋运输集装箱的成本下降了四分之一以上，创两年来最大降幅。根据Freightos Baltic Index的数据，本周运价上涨约5%，至每40英尺集装箱约14,700美元，仍是去年同期水平的三倍多。</blockquote> “Globally speaking, the worst is behind us in terms of the supply-chain problems,” said Louis Kuijs, head of Asia economics at Oxford Economics. A survey by the research house among what it described as “country experts” covering 45 economies found that almost all believe supply-chain disruptions have peaked or will peak in the last quarter of this year.<blockquote>牛津经济研究院亚洲经济主管Louis Kuijs表示：“从全球来看，就供应链问题而言，最糟糕的时期已经过去。”该研究机构对涵盖45个经济体的“国家专家”进行的一项调查发现，几乎所有人都认为供应链中断已经或将在今年最后一个季度达到顶峰。</blockquote> Many big chains, includingWalmartInc.,Home DepotInc.andTargetCorp., said this past week they arewell stocked for the holidays, mainly because they imported goods earlier than usual this year. Some alsochartered their own shipsto get around bottlenecks.<blockquote>包括沃尔玛(WalmartInc.)、家得宝(Home DepotInc.)和塔吉特公司(TargetCorp.)在内的许多大型连锁店上周都表示，他们为假期备货充足，主要是因为今年进口商品的时间比往常早。一些人还租了自己的船来绕过瓶颈。</blockquote> Few executives said their problems are over, and in the most recent round of results, global companies continued to cite issues at ports and roads around the world. Several retailers reported lower profit margins, citing elevated freight costs to move their goods.<blockquote>很少有高管表示他们的问题已经结束，在最近一轮的结果中，全球公司继续列举世界各地港口和道路的问题。几家零售商报告利润率下降，理由是运输货物的运费上涨。</blockquote> For Christine Humphreys, there seems to be no easing of the supply-chain chaos that means her U.K. drinks company has only half its stock for Christmas, her busiest period.<blockquote>对于克里斯汀·汉弗莱斯(Christine Humphreys)来说，供应链混乱似乎没有缓解，这意味着她的英国饮料公司在圣诞节（她最繁忙的时期）只有一半的库存。</blockquote> Journeys from Germany to the U.K. that would have taken two weeks are now taking six, said Ms. Humphreys, a co-founder of the Mindful Drinking Company Ltd. “Come on, it’s not a million miles away, it’s only across the water,” she said.<blockquote>Mindful Drinking Company Ltd.的联合创始人汉弗莱斯女士表示，从德国到英国的旅程原本需要两周时间，现在需要六周时间。“得了吧，这不是一百万英里远，只是隔着水，”她说。</blockquote> After slowdowns in production in recent months due to Covid-19 outbreaks, output at factories across Malaysia, Vietnam and other countries rebounded over the past month as Covid-19 cases declined and production limits were lifted, easing some bottlenecks that havechoked output of semiconductorsand textiles globally.<blockquote>在近几个月因Covid-19疫情爆发而导致生产放缓后，随着Covid-19病例减少和生产限制取消，马来西亚、越南和其他国家工厂的产量在过去一个月出现反弹，缓解了一些阻碍半导体和全球纺织品生产的瓶颈。</blockquote> “It’s a huge change in a positive way as it should improve industrial output in Asia and global supply,” said Trinh Nguyen, senior economist at Natixis in Hong Kong. Still, she cautions that many countries continue to grapple with other problems, like shortages of workers.<blockquote>Natixis驻香港高级经济学家Trinh Nguyen表示：“这是一个积极的巨大变化，因为它应该会改善亚洲的工业产出和全球供应。”尽管如此，她警告说，许多国家仍在努力解决其他问题，如工人短缺。</blockquote> “There are certain aspects of supply-chain shocks that are easing, but the shortage issue isn’t going to completely disappear,” she said.<blockquote>“供应链冲击的某些方面正在缓解，但短缺问题不会完全消失，”她说。</blockquote> In Vietnam, factory owners in the country’s southern manufacturing hub said production is far smoother than it was several months ago, butchallenges remain, including high shipping costs and labor shortages, as many workers that had returned to their villages during the Covid-19 wave have yet to return.<blockquote>在越南，该国南部制造业中心的工厂主表示，生产比几个月前顺利得多，但挑战仍然存在，包括高昂的运输成本和劳动力短缺，因为许多在Covid-19浪潮期间返回村庄的工人尚未返回。</blockquote> Do Xuan Lap, the head of Vietnam’s Timber and Forest Products Association, said that the situation is improving and that medium-size furniture factories, with around 200 to 500 workers, are operating at around 80% capacity. But larger furniture makers, with up to 3,000 workers, were missing more laborers and operating at around 65% capacity.<blockquote>越南木材和林产品协会负责人Do Xuan Lap表示，情况正在改善，拥有约200至500名工人的中型家具厂的产能约为80%。但拥有多达3,000名工人的大型家具制造商缺少更多劳动力，产能利用率约为65%。</blockquote> Shortages of shipping containers also appear to be easing.<blockquote>海运集装箱的短缺似乎也在缓解。</blockquote> Thomas Broertjes, managing director of Foshan Oufeng Furniture Co. based in Guangdong province, said that in September, he wasn’t able to ship any products because he was unable to secure space on even a single shipping container that month. “That was really the lowest point,” he said.<blockquote>广东省佛山欧风家具有限公司董事总经理托马斯·布罗特杰斯(Thomas Broertjes)表示，9月份，他无法运送任何产品，因为当月他甚至无法在一个集装箱上找到空间。“那确实是最低点，”他说。</blockquote> While the company has been able to book more containers since October, it still takes days until it can confirm bookings with vendors. Prices remain three or four times what he paid before 2020. “I’m hopeful that things are getting better. It couldn’t get worse,” he said, though he added, “it’s still a big hassle.”<blockquote>虽然该公司自10月份以来已经能够预订更多集装箱，但仍需要几天时间才能与供应商确认预订。价格仍然是他在2020年之前支付的三到四倍。“我希望情况正在好转。情况不会变得更糟，”他说，尽管他补充道，“这仍然是一个大麻烦。”</blockquote> Other factory owners say they are still struggling to deal with bottlenecks. Since this June, boxes filled with auto parts began to pile up at the warehouse of Zhejiang Songtian Automotive Motor System Co. as more importers from the West held off on taking delivery amid soaring freight rates. The company recently repurposed sections of a new factory to store products.<blockquote>其他工厂主表示，他们仍在努力应对瓶颈。自今年6月以来，由于运费飙升，越来越多的西方进口商推迟提货，装满汽车零部件的箱子开始堆积在浙江松田汽车电机系统有限公司的仓库里。该公司最近将新工厂的部分区域重新用于储存产品。</blockquote> “The entire factory is now filled with finished goods that couldn’t be shipped out. This is our biggest headache at the moment, and there’s nothing we can do about it,” said Dai Xuezhi, chief executive of the company based in the southeastern Chinese city of Wenzhou.<blockquote>这家总部位于中国东南部城市温州的公司首席执行官戴学智表示：“现在整个工厂都堆满了无法运出的成品。这是我们目前最头疼的问题，对此我们无能为力。”</blockquote> Data provider eeSea says containership delays fell in October from September, but there hasn’t been much change when it comes to the vessels waiting outside of ports in November. As of Friday morning, there were 500 large container ships waiting to dock outside ports in Asia, Europe and North America, up slightly from the 497 vessels that waited on Oct. 8.<blockquote>数据提供商eeSea表示，10月份集装箱船延误量较9月份有所下降，但11月份在港口外等待的船舶没有太大变化。截至周五上午，亚洲、欧洲和北美港口外有500艘大型集装箱船等待停靠，略高于10月8日等待的497艘。</blockquote> In the U.S., the destination for many of the goods made in Asian factories, there are few signs that the gridlock is easing.<blockquote>在亚洲工厂制造的许多商品的目的地美国，几乎没有迹象表明僵局正在缓解。</blockquote> Freight railroads recently lifted their limits on inbound cargo into congested container terminals in the Chicago area. But boxes are still swamping the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, and shipping executives note the backlog of vessels offshore suggests the flow of inbound shipments isn’t letting up.<blockquote>货运铁路最近取消了对芝加哥地区拥挤集装箱码头的入境货物的限制。但箱子仍然充斥着洛杉矶和长滩的港口，航运高管指出，离岸船只的积压表明入境货物的流动并没有减少。</blockquote> “We are still in the thick of it,” said Alan McCorkle, chief executive of Yusen Terminals LLC, at the Port of Los Angeles.<blockquote>洛杉矶港邮船码头有限责任公司首席执行官艾伦·麦科克尔(Alan McCorkle)表示：“我们仍处于困境之中。”</blockquote>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Supply-Chain Problems Show Signs of Easing<blockquote>供应链问题出现缓解迹象</blockquote></title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nSupply-Chain Problems Show Signs of Easing<blockquote>供应链问题出现缓解迹象</blockquote>\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\nThe Wall Street Journal2021-11-22 13:24\n\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\nGlobal supply-chain woes are beginning to recede, but shipping, manufacturing and retail executives say that they don’t expect a return to more-normal operations until next year and that cargo will continue to be delayed if Covid-19 outbreaks disrupt key distribution hubs.<blockquote>全球供应链困境开始消退，但航运、制造业和零售业高管表示，他们预计要到明年才能恢复更正常的运营，如果Covid-19疫情扰乱主要配送中心，货物将继续延误。</blockquote> In Asia, Covid-related factory closures, energy shortages and port-capacity limitshave eased in recent weeks. In the U.S., major retailers say they have imported most of what they need for the holidays.Ocean freight rateshave retreated from record levels.<blockquote>在亚洲，与新冠疫情相关的工厂关闭、能源短缺和港口容量限制最近几周有所缓解。在美国，主要零售商表示，他们已经进口了假期所需的大部分商品。海运费已从创纪录水平回落。</blockquote> Still, executives and economists say strong consumer demand for goods in the West, ongoing port congestion in the U.S., shortages of truck drivers and elevated global freight rates continue to hang over any recovery. The risk of more extreme weather and flare-ups of Covid-19 cases can also threaten to clog up supply chains again.<blockquote>尽管如此，高管和经济学家表示，西方消费者对商品的强劲需求、美国持续的港口拥堵、卡车司机短缺以及全球运费上涨继续困扰着任何复苏。更多极端天气和Covid-19病例爆发的风险也可能再次堵塞供应链。</blockquote> An easing of supply-chain choke points would allow production to move toward meeting strong demand and would lower logistics costs. If sustained, that, in turn, would help alleviatethe upward pressure on inflation.<blockquote>供应链瓶颈的缓解将使生产能够满足强劲的需求，并降低物流成本。如果持续下去，这反过来将有助于缓解通胀上行压力。</blockquote> The number of ships waiting to unload at the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, the biggest U.S. gateway for imports from Asia, has improved but is still hovering near record levels. There were 71 container ships anchored offshore on Nov. 19, down from a peak of 86 three days before, according to the Marine Exchange of Southern California, and 17 more were expected to arrive within three days. Before the pandemic, it was unusual for any ships to anchor offshore.<blockquote>美国从亚洲进口的最大门户洛杉矶和长滩港口等待卸货的船只数量有所改善，但仍徘徊在创纪录水平附近。根据南加州海事交易所的数据，11月19日有71艘集装箱船停泊在近海，低于三天前86艘的峰值，预计三天内还有17艘集装箱船抵达。在大流行之前，任何船只在近海抛锚都是不寻常的。</blockquote> Shipping and retail executives say they expect the U.S. port backlogs to clear in early 2022, after the holiday shopping season and when Lunar New Year shuts many factories for a week in February, slowing output.<blockquote>航运和零售业高管表示，他们预计美国港口积压订单将在2022年初清除，即假日购物季结束后，以及2月份农历新年导致许多工厂关闭一周，从而减缓产出。</blockquote> German shipowner Jan Held said congestion, particularly in Asia, is getting better. His ships transport mainly industrial goods, like giant windmills, rather than containers, but would sometimes spend a month waiting outside of Asian ports.<blockquote>德国船东Jan Held表示，拥堵情况，尤其是亚洲的拥堵情况正在好转。他的船只主要运输工业货物，如巨型风车，而不是集装箱，但有时会在亚洲港口外等待一个月。</blockquote> Mr. Held said it would be some time before the global transport system normalizes. “For that, the pandemic has to end and that is not happening any time soon, in my opinion,” said Mr. Held, co-owner of Held Bereederungs GmbH &amp; Co. KG, based in the north German city of Haren.<blockquote>赫尔德先生表示，全球交通系统正常化还需要一段时间。“为此，疫情必须结束，在我看来，这不会很快发生，”总部位于德国北部城市哈伦的Held Bereederungs GmbH&amp;Co.KG的共同所有者Held先生说。</blockquote> Trans-Pacific freight rates have cooled in recent weeks as most big U.S. retailers have imported what they need for the holiday season, gradually opening up space on the front end of the trip. The cost to move a container across the Pacific fell by more than a quarter in the week ended Nov. 12, the biggest decline in two years. Rates rose about 5% this week to about $14,700 per 40-foot container and are still more than three times year-ago levels, according to the Freightos Baltic Index.<blockquote>最近几周，随着大多数美国大型零售商进口假期所需的货物，跨太平洋运费有所降温，逐渐打开了旅行前端的空间。截至11月12日当周，跨越太平洋运输集装箱的成本下降了四分之一以上，创两年来最大降幅。根据Freightos Baltic Index的数据，本周运价上涨约5%，至每40英尺集装箱约14,700美元，仍是去年同期水平的三倍多。</blockquote> “Globally speaking, the worst is behind us in terms of the supply-chain problems,” said Louis Kuijs, head of Asia economics at Oxford Economics. A survey by the research house among what it described as “country experts” covering 45 economies found that almost all believe supply-chain disruptions have peaked or will peak in the last quarter of this year.<blockquote>牛津经济研究院亚洲经济主管Louis Kuijs表示：“从全球来看，就供应链问题而言，最糟糕的时期已经过去。”该研究机构对涵盖45个经济体的“国家专家”进行的一项调查发现，几乎所有人都认为供应链中断已经或将在今年最后一个季度达到顶峰。</blockquote> Many big chains, includingWalmartInc.,Home DepotInc.andTargetCorp., said this past week they arewell stocked for the holidays, mainly because they imported goods earlier than usual this year. Some alsochartered their own shipsto get around bottlenecks.<blockquote>包括沃尔玛(WalmartInc.)、家得宝(Home DepotInc.)和塔吉特公司(TargetCorp.)在内的许多大型连锁店上周都表示，他们为假期备货充足，主要是因为今年进口商品的时间比往常早。一些人还租了自己的船来绕过瓶颈。</blockquote> Few executives said their problems are over, and in the most recent round of results, global companies continued to cite issues at ports and roads around the world. Several retailers reported lower profit margins, citing elevated freight costs to move their goods.<blockquote>很少有高管表示他们的问题已经结束，在最近一轮的结果中，全球公司继续列举世界各地港口和道路的问题。几家零售商报告利润率下降，理由是运输货物的运费上涨。</blockquote> For Christine Humphreys, there seems to be no easing of the supply-chain chaos that means her U.K. drinks company has only half its stock for Christmas, her busiest period.<blockquote>对于克里斯汀·汉弗莱斯(Christine Humphreys)来说，供应链混乱似乎没有缓解，这意味着她的英国饮料公司在圣诞节（她最繁忙的时期）只有一半的库存。</blockquote> Journeys from Germany to the U.K. that would have taken two weeks are now taking six, said Ms. Humphreys, a co-founder of the Mindful Drinking Company Ltd. “Come on, it’s not a million miles away, it’s only across the water,” she said.<blockquote>Mindful Drinking Company Ltd.的联合创始人汉弗莱斯女士表示，从德国到英国的旅程原本需要两周时间，现在需要六周时间。“得了吧，这不是一百万英里远，只是隔着水，”她说。</blockquote> After slowdowns in production in recent months due to Covid-19 outbreaks, output at factories across Malaysia, Vietnam and other countries rebounded over the past month as Covid-19 cases declined and production limits were lifted, easing some bottlenecks that havechoked output of semiconductorsand textiles globally.<blockquote>在近几个月因Covid-19疫情爆发而导致生产放缓后，随着Covid-19病例减少和生产限制取消，马来西亚、越南和其他国家工厂的产量在过去一个月出现反弹，缓解了一些阻碍半导体和全球纺织品生产的瓶颈。</blockquote> “It’s a huge change in a positive way as it should improve industrial output in Asia and global supply,” said Trinh Nguyen, senior economist at Natixis in Hong Kong. Still, she cautions that many countries continue to grapple with other problems, like shortages of workers.<blockquote>Natixis驻香港高级经济学家Trinh Nguyen表示：“这是一个积极的巨大变化，因为它应该会改善亚洲的工业产出和全球供应。”尽管如此，她警告说，许多国家仍在努力解决其他问题，如工人短缺。</blockquote> “There are certain aspects of supply-chain shocks that are easing, but the shortage issue isn’t going to completely disappear,” she said.<blockquote>“供应链冲击的某些方面正在缓解，但短缺问题不会完全消失，”她说。</blockquote> In Vietnam, factory owners in the country’s southern manufacturing hub said production is far smoother than it was several months ago, butchallenges remain, including high shipping costs and labor shortages, as many workers that had returned to their villages during the Covid-19 wave have yet to return.<blockquote>在越南，该国南部制造业中心的工厂主表示，生产比几个月前顺利得多，但挑战仍然存在，包括高昂的运输成本和劳动力短缺，因为许多在Covid-19浪潮期间返回村庄的工人尚未返回。</blockquote> Do Xuan Lap, the head of Vietnam’s Timber and Forest Products Association, said that the situation is improving and that medium-size furniture factories, with around 200 to 500 workers, are operating at around 80% capacity. But larger furniture makers, with up to 3,000 workers, were missing more laborers and operating at around 65% capacity.<blockquote>越南木材和林产品协会负责人Do Xuan Lap表示，情况正在改善，拥有约200至500名工人的中型家具厂的产能约为80%。但拥有多达3,000名工人的大型家具制造商缺少更多劳动力，产能利用率约为65%。</blockquote> Shortages of shipping containers also appear to be easing.<blockquote>海运集装箱的短缺似乎也在缓解。</blockquote> Thomas Broertjes, managing director of Foshan Oufeng Furniture Co. based in Guangdong province, said that in September, he wasn’t able to ship any products because he was unable to secure space on even a single shipping container that month. “That was really the lowest point,” he said.<blockquote>广东省佛山欧风家具有限公司董事总经理托马斯·布罗特杰斯(Thomas Broertjes)表示，9月份，他无法运送任何产品，因为当月他甚至无法在一个集装箱上找到空间。“那确实是最低点，”他说。</blockquote> While the company has been able to book more containers since October, it still takes days until it can confirm bookings with vendors. Prices remain three or four times what he paid before 2020. “I’m hopeful that things are getting better. It couldn’t get worse,” he said, though he added, “it’s still a big hassle.”<blockquote>虽然该公司自10月份以来已经能够预订更多集装箱，但仍需要几天时间才能与供应商确认预订。价格仍然是他在2020年之前支付的三到四倍。“我希望情况正在好转。情况不会变得更糟，”他说，尽管他补充道，“这仍然是一个大麻烦。”</blockquote> Other factory owners say they are still struggling to deal with bottlenecks. Since this June, boxes filled with auto parts began to pile up at the warehouse of Zhejiang Songtian Automotive Motor System Co. as more importers from the West held off on taking delivery amid soaring freight rates. The company recently repurposed sections of a new factory to store products.<blockquote>其他工厂主表示，他们仍在努力应对瓶颈。自今年6月以来，由于运费飙升，越来越多的西方进口商推迟提货，装满汽车零部件的箱子开始堆积在浙江松田汽车电机系统有限公司的仓库里。该公司最近将新工厂的部分区域重新用于储存产品。</blockquote> “The entire factory is now filled with finished goods that couldn’t be shipped out. This is our biggest headache at the moment, and there’s nothing we can do about it,” said Dai Xuezhi, chief executive of the company based in the southeastern Chinese city of Wenzhou.<blockquote>这家总部位于中国东南部城市温州的公司首席执行官戴学智表示：“现在整个工厂都堆满了无法运出的成品。这是我们目前最头疼的问题，对此我们无能为力。”</blockquote> Data provider eeSea says containership delays fell in October from September, but there hasn’t been much change when it comes to the vessels waiting outside of ports in November. As of Friday morning, there were 500 large container ships waiting to dock outside ports in Asia, Europe and North America, up slightly from the 497 vessels that waited on Oct. 8.<blockquote>数据提供商eeSea表示，10月份集装箱船延误量较9月份有所下降，但11月份在港口外等待的船舶没有太大变化。截至周五上午，亚洲、欧洲和北美港口外有500艘大型集装箱船等待停靠，略高于10月8日等待的497艘。</blockquote> In the U.S., the destination for many of the goods made in Asian factories, there are few signs that the gridlock is easing.<blockquote>在亚洲工厂制造的许多商品的目的地美国，几乎没有迹象表明僵局正在缓解。</blockquote> Freight railroads recently lifted their limits on inbound cargo into congested container terminals in the Chicago area. But boxes are still swamping the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, and shipping executives note the backlog of vessels offshore suggests the flow of inbound shipments isn’t letting up.<blockquote>货运铁路最近取消了对芝加哥地区拥挤集装箱码头的入境货物的限制。但箱子仍然充斥着洛杉矶和长滩的港口，航运高管指出，离岸船只的积压表明入境货物的流动并没有减少。</blockquote> “We are still in the thick of it,” said Alan McCorkle, chief executive of Yusen Terminals LLC, at the Port of Los Angeles.<blockquote>洛杉矶港邮船码头有限责任公司首席执行官艾伦·麦科克尔(Alan McCorkle)表示：“我们仍处于困境之中。”</blockquote>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n 来源：<a href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/supply-chain-problems-show-signs-of-easing-11637496002?mod=hp_lead_pos1\">The Wall Street Journal</a>\n为提升您的阅读体验，我们对本页面进行了排版优化\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{".SPX":"S&P 500 Index",".IXIC":"NASDAQ Composite",".DJI":"道琼斯"},"source_url":"https://www.wsj.com/articles/supply-chain-problems-show-signs-of-easing-11637496002?mod=hp_lead_pos1","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1129293678","content_text":"Global supply-chain woes are beginning to recede, but shipping, manufacturing and retail executives say that they don’t expect a return to more-normal operations until next year and that cargo will continue to be delayed if Covid-19 outbreaks disrupt key distribution hubs.\nIn Asia, Covid-related factory closures, energy shortages and port-capacity limitshave eased in recent weeks. In the U.S., major retailers say they have imported most of what they need for the holidays.Ocean freight rateshave retreated from record levels.\nStill, executives and economists say strong consumer demand for goods in the West, ongoing port congestion in the U.S., shortages of truck drivers and elevated global freight rates continue to hang over any recovery. The risk of more extreme weather and flare-ups of Covid-19 cases can also threaten to clog up supply chains again.\nAn easing of supply-chain choke points would allow production to move toward meeting strong demand and would lower logistics costs. If sustained, that, in turn, would help alleviatethe upward pressure on inflation.\nThe number of ships waiting to unload at the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, the biggest U.S. gateway for imports from Asia, has improved but is still hovering near record levels. There were 71 container ships anchored offshore on Nov. 19, down from a peak of 86 three days before, according to the Marine Exchange of Southern California, and 17 more were expected to arrive within three days. Before the pandemic, it was unusual for any ships to anchor offshore.\nShipping and retail executives say they expect the U.S. port backlogs to clear in early 2022, after the holiday shopping season and when Lunar New Year shuts many factories for a week in February, slowing output.\nGerman shipowner Jan Held said congestion, particularly in Asia, is getting better. His ships transport mainly industrial goods, like giant windmills, rather than containers, but would sometimes spend a month waiting outside of Asian ports.\nMr. Held said it would be some time before the global transport system normalizes. “For that, the pandemic has to end and that is not happening any time soon, in my opinion,” said Mr. Held, co-owner of Held Bereederungs GmbH & Co. KG, based in the north German city of Haren.\nTrans-Pacific freight rates have cooled in recent weeks as most big U.S. retailers have imported what they need for the holiday season, gradually opening up space on the front end of the trip. The cost to move a container across the Pacific fell by more than a quarter in the week ended Nov. 12, the biggest decline in two years. Rates rose about 5% this week to about $14,700 per 40-foot container and are still more than three times year-ago levels, according to the Freightos Baltic Index.\n“Globally speaking, the worst is behind us in terms of the supply-chain problems,” said Louis Kuijs, head of Asia economics at Oxford Economics. A survey by the research house among what it described as “country experts” covering 45 economies found that almost all believe supply-chain disruptions have peaked or will peak in the last quarter of this year.\nMany big chains, includingWalmartInc.,Home DepotInc.andTargetCorp., said this past week they arewell stocked for the holidays, mainly because they imported goods earlier than usual this year. Some alsochartered their own shipsto get around bottlenecks.\nFew executives said their problems are over, and in the most recent round of results, global companies continued to cite issues at ports and roads around the world. Several retailers reported lower profit margins, citing elevated freight costs to move their goods.\nFor Christine Humphreys, there seems to be no easing of the supply-chain chaos that means her U.K. drinks company has only half its stock for Christmas, her busiest period.\nJourneys from Germany to the U.K. that would have taken two weeks are now taking six, said Ms. Humphreys, a co-founder of the Mindful Drinking Company Ltd. “Come on, it’s not a million miles away, it’s only across the water,” she said.\nAfter slowdowns in production in recent months due to Covid-19 outbreaks, output at factories across Malaysia, Vietnam and other countries rebounded over the past month as Covid-19 cases declined and production limits were lifted, easing some bottlenecks that havechoked output of semiconductorsand textiles globally.\n“It’s a huge change in a positive way as it should improve industrial output in Asia and global supply,” said Trinh Nguyen, senior economist at Natixis in Hong Kong. Still, she cautions that many countries continue to grapple with other problems, like shortages of workers.\n“There are certain aspects of supply-chain shocks that are easing, but the shortage issue isn’t going to completely disappear,” she said.\nIn Vietnam, factory owners in the country’s southern manufacturing hub said production is far smoother than it was several months ago, butchallenges remain, including high shipping costs and labor shortages, as many workers that had returned to their villages during the Covid-19 wave have yet to return.\nDo Xuan Lap, the head of Vietnam’s Timber and Forest Products Association, said that the situation is improving and that medium-size furniture factories, with around 200 to 500 workers, are operating at around 80% capacity. But larger furniture makers, with up to 3,000 workers, were missing more laborers and operating at around 65% capacity.\nShortages of shipping containers also appear to be easing.\nThomas Broertjes, managing director of Foshan Oufeng Furniture Co. based in Guangdong province, said that in September, he wasn’t able to ship any products because he was unable to secure space on even a single shipping container that month. “That was really the lowest point,” he said.\nWhile the company has been able to book more containers since October, it still takes days until it can confirm bookings with vendors. Prices remain three or four times what he paid before 2020. “I’m hopeful that things are getting better. It couldn’t get worse,” he said, though he added, “it’s still a big hassle.”\nOther factory owners say they are still struggling to deal with bottlenecks. Since this June, boxes filled with auto parts began to pile up at the warehouse of Zhejiang Songtian Automotive Motor System Co. as more importers from the West held off on taking delivery amid soaring freight rates. The company recently repurposed sections of a new factory to store products.\n“The entire factory is now filled with finished goods that couldn’t be shipped out. This is our biggest headache at the moment, and there’s nothing we can do about it,” said Dai Xuezhi, chief executive of the company based in the southeastern Chinese city of Wenzhou.\nData provider eeSea says containership delays fell in October from September, but there hasn’t been much change when it comes to the vessels waiting outside of ports in November. As of Friday morning, there were 500 large container ships waiting to dock outside ports in Asia, Europe and North America, up slightly from the 497 vessels that waited on Oct. 8.\nIn the U.S., the destination for many of the goods made in Asian factories, there are few signs that the gridlock is easing.\nFreight railroads recently lifted their limits on inbound cargo into congested container terminals in the Chicago area. But boxes are still swamping the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, and shipping executives note the backlog of vessels offshore suggests the flow of inbound shipments isn’t letting up.\n“We are still in the thick of it,” said Alan McCorkle, chief executive of Yusen Terminals LLC, at the Port of Los Angeles.","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{".DJI":0.9,".IXIC":0.9,".SPX":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":534,"commentLimit":10,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"symbols":[],"verified":2,"subType":0,"readableState":1,"langContent":"CN","currentLanguage":"CN","warmUpFlag":false,"orderFlag":false,"shareable":true,"causeOfNotShareable":"","featuresForAnalytics":[],"commentAndTweetFlag":false,"andRepostAutoSelectedFlag":false,"upFlag":false,"length":6,"xxTargetLangEnum":"ZH_CN"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"isTiger":false,"isWeiXinMini":false,"url":"/m/post/872416419"}