张卍亿的个人主页 - 老虎社区

张卍亿

张卍亿

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IP属地：山东

31关注

1粉丝

5主题

0勋章

09-29 22:49

$Wolfspeed Inc.(WOLF)$ 为什么卖不出去

09-29 23:23

$Wolfspeed Inc.(WOLF)$ 日了，老虎不让卖

09-30 00:07

$Wolfspeed Inc.(WOLF)$ 5500股变45，真tm毫无人性

09-29 23:50

$Wolfspeed Inc.(WOLF)$ 亏麻了

07-21

$Quantum Computing Inc.(QUBT)$ 最近几周太弱了

05-12

$奥德赛海洋探索(OMEX)$ 竟然不暴涨

09-26

$Wolfspeed Inc.(WOLF)$ 虽然我重仓wolf，但我还是想看看xyz123那个帖子是怎么霍霍虎友的，哈哈

09-29 23:26

$Wolfspeed Inc.(WOLF)$ 客服直接装死

09-27

$Wolfspeed Inc.(WOLF)$ 换股加晶盛机电12寸下线，导致今天大跌

09-26

$Wolfspeed Inc.(WOLF)$ 空头你牛，我认输

05-09

$奥德赛海洋探索(OMEX)$ 这边要查稀土走私了，对你利好啊

09-26

$Wolfspeed Inc.(WOLF)$ 坚定做多[开心] [开心]

09-26

$Wolfspeed Inc.(WOLF)$ 开吸时刻

06-30

$Quantum Computing Inc.(QUBT)$ 空头真猛

03-16

股市大手大脚，生活扣扣搜搜

2021-09-18

加油

与英伟达“硬刚”的芯片人

去老虎APP查看更多动态

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客服直接装死","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/483865214873904","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":103,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":483862350282800,"gmtCreate":1759159404462,"gmtModify":1759159406287,"author":{"id":"3557276349839561","authorId":"3557276349839561","name":"张卍亿","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d348c6a72fd9978a436b95c7e0ad82b1","crmLevel":5,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3557276349839561","authorIdStr":"3557276349839561"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/WOLF\">$Wolfspeed Inc.(WOLF)$&nbsp;</a> 日了，老虎不让卖","listText":"<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/WOLF\">$Wolfspeed Inc.(WOLF)$&nbsp;</a> 日了，老虎不让卖","text":"$Wolfspeed Inc.(WOLF)$ 日了，老虎不让卖","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":6,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/483862350282800","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":2263,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[{"author":{"id":"3547460884703846","authorId":"3547460884703846","name":"东南亚打自由搏击","avatar":"https://static.laohu8.com/default-avatar.jpg","crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"3547460884703846","authorIdStr":"3547460884703846"},"content":"前几天讽刺人家123，然后自己还加仓了。现在是不是觉得范进中举","text":"前几天讽刺人家123，然后自己还加仓了。现在是不是觉得范进中举","html":"前几天讽刺人家123，然后自己还加仓了。现在是不是觉得范进中举"}],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":483854961513040,"gmtCreate":1759157344913,"gmtModify":1759185002042,"author":{"id":"3557276349839561","authorId":"3557276349839561","name":"张卍亿","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d348c6a72fd9978a436b95c7e0ad82b1","crmLevel":5,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3557276349839561","authorIdStr":"3557276349839561"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"<a 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为什么卖不出去","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":2,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":5,"commentSize":19,"repostSize":1,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/483854961513040","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":6434,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[{"author":{"id":"4214137849655040","authorId":"4214137849655040","name":"狙击手666888","avatar":"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/default-avatar.jpg","crmLevel":1,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"idStr":"4214137849655040","authorIdStr":"4214137849655040"},"content":"我12万股现在变成200万美金，可惜卖不了","text":"我12万股现在变成200万美金，可惜卖不了","html":"我12万股现在变成200万美金，可惜卖不了"}],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":482820225396736,"gmtCreate":1758905223305,"gmtModify":1758905225079,"author":{"id":"3557276349839561","authorId":"3557276349839561","name":"张卍亿","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d348c6a72fd9978a436b95c7e0ad82b1","crmLevel":5,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3557276349839561","authorIdStr":"3557276349839561"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"<a 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09:23","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"与英伟达“硬刚”的芯片人","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1129672449","media":"AI财经社","summary":"今年夏季，美国芯片大厂英伟达和AMD的股价分别达到历史最高点，对应5600亿和1300亿美元市值。而市值狂飙的原因，在于人工智能、自动驾驶和数据中心的计算都离不开他们提供的GPU。根据统计，这两家公司","content":"<p>今年夏季，美国芯片大厂<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/NVDA\">英伟达</a>和<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AMD\">AMD</a>的股价分别达到历史最高点，对应5600亿和1300亿美元市值。而市值狂飙的原因，在于人工<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/5RE.SI\">智能</a>、自动驾驶和数据中心的计算都离不开他们提供的GPU。根据统计，这两家公司垄断了全球独立GPU 99%的市场。</p>\n<p>但有一群人，已经走在了挑战这两家大亨的路上。他们创立了三家国产GPU公司：沐曦、摩尔线程和壁仞科技，希望做出自主的产品，有一天能从英伟达虎口夺食。</p>\n<p>对于这群人，投资者也给予了极大信任。在没有任何芯片的情况下，就有几百亿元在两年内砸进三家公司。AI财经社获悉，三家公司中的两家将在近期开始流片（试生产），一家还在推进中，万里长征已经迈出第一步。</p>\n<p><b>市场对国产GPU需求迫切</b></p>\n<p>“客户非常急迫，恨不得现在就有产品给他用了，而且不是一两家，是所有客户都是这个状态，因为现在没有其他可选了。”沐曦创始人陈维良如此形容国产GPU的受欢迎程度。摩尔线程人士称，未来很多GPU应用，比如自动驾驶汽车和数据中心，都需要国产软硬件支撑。“我们盼星星盼月亮，就盼国产通用GPU能有一些突破。”有客户说。</p>\n<p>在最初被发明出来时，GPU只用于游戏，去完成高难度的游戏图形渲染。但后来人们发现，GPU比CPU更擅长处理并行而简单的计算工作，于是开始发掘GPU的通用计算潜能。后来，从高性能计算到多媒体，再到火爆的人工智能，GPU都是底层“算力”不可或缺的一部分。例如，人工智能计算要用到大量的矩阵乘法和卷积，都是GPU擅长的事情。</p>\n<p>到如今，英伟达和AMD已经垄断了全球的独立GPU市场：在数据中心分别占据81%和19%，在PC端则与<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/INTC\">英特尔</a>共占99%市场。这让部分客户苦不堪言：“英伟达的GPU价格贵、极度缺货，而且很多计算中心还有国产化需求。”</p>\n<p>但既然这么有需要，为什么国内芯片企业过去不做？“因为GPU的软硬件系统技术门槛比较高，是很复杂的系统工程。”有国产GPU人士说。国内的科技巨头往往选择开发专用AI芯片，比如华为昇腾、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BIDU\">百度</a>昆仑和阿里寒光，而不是通用GPU。形象地说，专用AI芯片更像专业技工，解决专门的问题，而通用GPU则是通才。</p>\n<p>“通用GPU的难度体现在复杂度上面。”陈维良解释说，对于专用AI芯片来说，只明确知道需求，把相应的功能实现就可以。但通用GPU需要适配各种环境，面对灵活多变的需求。“换句话说，它有一套计算机体系结构所有的东西，包括支持的指令集、计算调度、数据搬迁等。”</p>\n<p>有芯片人士告诉AI财经社，在过去造国产CPU时，国内公司最初依托海外的指令集，在对CPU产品设计、市场需求和生态的理解上，是通过磕磕绊绊的很多弯路才获得的，20多年才建成了如今国产CPU的格局。但国产GPU不必走这样的弯路，因为几家公司的创始成员都是GPU行业老人，深谙产品、市场和生态规则。</p>\n<p>实际上，三家国产GPU的领军人物，也主要来自英伟达和AMD两家企业。沐曦的创始人陈维良是AMD图形研发高级总监，CTO杨建是AMD Fellow（最高技术岗）；摩尔线程创始人张建中是英伟达副总裁；壁仞的联席CEO李新荣是AMD全球副总裁。</p>\n<p>“我们能清楚地说出，过去10年哪些世界上最高端的GPU是我们主导做出来的。”陈维良说，正所谓难者不会，会者不难，由于是资深行业人士，他们清楚每个环节需要什么技能，要克服哪些难点，“再做一颗对我们来说并不是什么问题。”</p>\n<p>制造出硬件只能算第一步。为了让各行业应用能用上GPU，就需要建立软件生态。英伟达从2006年开始培育CUDA生态，然后培育开发者来开发应用，比如华尔街的金融人士，或者中国的高性能计算和电竞人士，通过漫长的10余年时间，构筑起一道护城河，即使其他公司做出水平相当的硬件，软件开发者也不会轻易迁移。国内的一部分AI专用芯片，就因为与CUDA生态不兼容，遭遇了“有人造，没人用”的难题。</p>\n<p>对此，国产GPU打算用“兼容CUDA生态”的方式解决问题。“就像不同公司的GPU没有统一指令集，为什么都可以玩游戏？因为是在API（应用程序接口）层次上兼容的。”陈维良表示。例如AMD在做ROCm生态时，通过兼容CUDA，只用两年就站稳了脚跟。摩尔线程也计划采用同样做法。树立在国产GPU面前的生态高墙，并不如国产数据库或国产CPU那样难以逾越。</p>\n<p>看到了翻越几座大山的清晰路径，让国产GPU的创业者更坚定信心，去做国产GPU公司。更可贵的是，国内需求对国产GPU的崛起提供了宝贵的支撑和机会窗口。</p>\n<p><b>终有一天挑战英伟达</b></p>\n<p>搅动GPU市场的，一方面是新需求的出现，能容纳更多公司；另一方面是国产化给中国公司提供了一个机遇。</p>\n<p>过去英伟达和AMD形成双巨头垄断的格局，部分是由于传统GPU市场增长停滞。“做游戏或电影渲染的传统GPU市场就那么大，增长速度太慢，只能容纳下两家公司。如果打这块市场，就只能打价格战。”但一位资深业内人士称，开辟了人工智能等计算需求后，GPU市场就能容纳更多公司。有业内人士判断，全球几千亿元市场，至少能容纳四五家公司活下去。</p>\n<p>在这种判断下，几家国产GPU公司都不约而同瞄准新兴计算市场，然后再逐步蚕食传统GPU的渲染市场。“通用算力是我们国家目前比较奇缺的东西，而很多团队在高性能GPU上恰恰有积累，已经跨过技术门槛。”有业内人士说。</p>\n<p>另一方面，国产化的需求也给国产GPU开辟了一块宝贵的市场。一位英伟达前员工告诉AI财经社，“过去在英伟达，我已经实现了个人的财富目标，生活也很安逸。”但她加入国产GPU公司以后，每周都会自愿牺牲周末，去开拓市场。她认为自己是在参与国内科技的一项重大突破。朋友跟她说，自从换了公司，她整个人都有如<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/ABCD\">新生</a>。</p>\n<p>根据平安证券的预测，到2024年，国内互联网和安防/政府需求将占到整个GPU市场的48.9%和31.4%。“大家都越来越重视信息安全属性，尤其是对安防和智能汽车这些数据。”</p>\n<p>陈维良预计，沐曦能够在5-6年内完成阶段目标，即做出GPU、兼容生态、实现量产，并占领国际5%-10%市场。“在服务器市场要实现5%-10%的增长很慢，但一旦突破10%，那就是势不可挡。”此后国内GPU将有资格跟英伟达和AMD同台竞争。</p>\n<p>在这些目标里，从0到1的增长是比较容易的一步，因为很多国内人才都做出过量产产品。“国内GPU领域的从业者，不乏有几十年工作经验的，可以在工程上有很大的突破，靠完整的经验把产品做出来。”陈维良说。</p>\n<p>但真正难的是从1到100的增长过程。多位芯片人士都表示，这一阶段，中国GPU企业必须走向国际竞争，去跟英伟达和AMD抢食。这时，更多需要企业的人才储备、技术投入和趋势预判。“但对于比较底层的前沿创新和研究，我们还有相当大的距离。”他说。</p>\n<p>另一位芯片人士告诉AI财经社，AMD光是在中国的研发团队，就有大约2000人。这比三家国产GPU企业的员工总和还多。要在国际市场上超越英伟达和AMD，还有很长的路要走。</p>\n<p>好在英伟达和AMD也力有不逮。有国产GPU人士透露，英伟达有比较明显的服务不到位问题，对小客户非常明显。</p>\n<p>而且，中国是GPU需求最前沿的市场。此前英伟达创始人黄仁勋每年都要飞来中国几回，听中国团队汇报前沿需求。比如通过电竞推广高端显卡的主意，就是由中国团队发现，然后上报给美国总部的。而土生土长的中国公司，也会在捕捉新需求上“近水楼台先得月”。</p>\n<p>尽管挑战英伟达之日尚远，国产GPU人士仍相信，自己是在参与一项科技发展的伟大征程。“我们成立只有一年，从最初几个人到现在几百人，每一天都非常充实，非常有成就感。很多年后，回头再去看这段时间，应该会觉得是这辈子过得最值得的事吧。”一位人士称。</p>","source":"AI财经社","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta 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href=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/lh1ST9hmxGPyyNC52-VSTg><strong>AI财经社</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>今年夏季，美国芯片大厂英伟达和AMD的股价分别达到历史最高点，对应5600亿和1300亿美元市值。而市值狂飙的原因，在于人工智能、自动驾驶和数据中心的计算都离不开他们提供的GPU。根据统计，这两家公司垄断了全球独立GPU 99%的市场。\n但有一群人，已经走在了挑战这两家大亨的路上。他们创立了三家国产GPU公司：沐曦、摩尔线程和壁仞科技，希望做出自主的产品，有一天能从英伟达虎口夺食。\n对于这群人，...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/lh1ST9hmxGPyyNC52-VSTg\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3f1c866c487eb9e101f73a62d4495ce9","relate_stocks":{"159813":"芯片","NVDA":"英伟达"},"source_url":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/lh1ST9hmxGPyyNC52-VSTg","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1129672449","content_text":"今年夏季，美国芯片大厂英伟达和AMD的股价分别达到历史最高点，对应5600亿和1300亿美元市值。而市值狂飙的原因，在于人工智能、自动驾驶和数据中心的计算都离不开他们提供的GPU。根据统计，这两家公司垄断了全球独立GPU 99%的市场。\n但有一群人，已经走在了挑战这两家大亨的路上。他们创立了三家国产GPU公司：沐曦、摩尔线程和壁仞科技，希望做出自主的产品，有一天能从英伟达虎口夺食。\n对于这群人，投资者也给予了极大信任。在没有任何芯片的情况下，就有几百亿元在两年内砸进三家公司。AI财经社获悉，三家公司中的两家将在近期开始流片（试生产），一家还在推进中，万里长征已经迈出第一步。\n市场对国产GPU需求迫切\n“客户非常急迫，恨不得现在就有产品给他用了，而且不是一两家，是所有客户都是这个状态，因为现在没有其他可选了。”沐曦创始人陈维良如此形容国产GPU的受欢迎程度。摩尔线程人士称，未来很多GPU应用，比如自动驾驶汽车和数据中心，都需要国产软硬件支撑。“我们盼星星盼月亮，就盼国产通用GPU能有一些突破。”有客户说。\n在最初被发明出来时，GPU只用于游戏，去完成高难度的游戏图形渲染。但后来人们发现，GPU比CPU更擅长处理并行而简单的计算工作，于是开始发掘GPU的通用计算潜能。后来，从高性能计算到多媒体，再到火爆的人工智能，GPU都是底层“算力”不可或缺的一部分。例如，人工智能计算要用到大量的矩阵乘法和卷积，都是GPU擅长的事情。\n到如今，英伟达和AMD已经垄断了全球的独立GPU市场：在数据中心分别占据81%和19%，在PC端则与英特尔共占99%市场。这让部分客户苦不堪言：“英伟达的GPU价格贵、极度缺货，而且很多计算中心还有国产化需求。”\n但既然这么有需要，为什么国内芯片企业过去不做？“因为GPU的软硬件系统技术门槛比较高，是很复杂的系统工程。”有国产GPU人士说。国内的科技巨头往往选择开发专用AI芯片，比如华为昇腾、百度昆仑和阿里寒光，而不是通用GPU。形象地说，专用AI芯片更像专业技工，解决专门的问题，而通用GPU则是通才。\n“通用GPU的难度体现在复杂度上面。”陈维良解释说，对于专用AI芯片来说，只明确知道需求，把相应的功能实现就可以。但通用GPU需要适配各种环境，面对灵活多变的需求。“换句话说，它有一套计算机体系结构所有的东西，包括支持的指令集、计算调度、数据搬迁等。”\n有芯片人士告诉AI财经社，在过去造国产CPU时，国内公司最初依托海外的指令集，在对CPU产品设计、市场需求和生态的理解上，是通过磕磕绊绊的很多弯路才获得的，20多年才建成了如今国产CPU的格局。但国产GPU不必走这样的弯路，因为几家公司的创始成员都是GPU行业老人，深谙产品、市场和生态规则。\n实际上，三家国产GPU的领军人物，也主要来自英伟达和AMD两家企业。沐曦的创始人陈维良是AMD图形研发高级总监，CTO杨建是AMD Fellow（最高技术岗）；摩尔线程创始人张建中是英伟达副总裁；壁仞的联席CEO李新荣是AMD全球副总裁。\n“我们能清楚地说出，过去10年哪些世界上最高端的GPU是我们主导做出来的。”陈维良说，正所谓难者不会，会者不难，由于是资深行业人士，他们清楚每个环节需要什么技能，要克服哪些难点，“再做一颗对我们来说并不是什么问题。”\n制造出硬件只能算第一步。为了让各行业应用能用上GPU，就需要建立软件生态。英伟达从2006年开始培育CUDA生态，然后培育开发者来开发应用，比如华尔街的金融人士，或者中国的高性能计算和电竞人士，通过漫长的10余年时间，构筑起一道护城河，即使其他公司做出水平相当的硬件，软件开发者也不会轻易迁移。国内的一部分AI专用芯片，就因为与CUDA生态不兼容，遭遇了“有人造，没人用”的难题。\n对此，国产GPU打算用“兼容CUDA生态”的方式解决问题。“就像不同公司的GPU没有统一指令集，为什么都可以玩游戏？因为是在API（应用程序接口）层次上兼容的。”陈维良表示。例如AMD在做ROCm生态时，通过兼容CUDA，只用两年就站稳了脚跟。摩尔线程也计划采用同样做法。树立在国产GPU面前的生态高墙，并不如国产数据库或国产CPU那样难以逾越。\n看到了翻越几座大山的清晰路径，让国产GPU的创业者更坚定信心，去做国产GPU公司。更可贵的是，国内需求对国产GPU的崛起提供了宝贵的支撑和机会窗口。\n终有一天挑战英伟达\n搅动GPU市场的，一方面是新需求的出现，能容纳更多公司；另一方面是国产化给中国公司提供了一个机遇。\n过去英伟达和AMD形成双巨头垄断的格局，部分是由于传统GPU市场增长停滞。“做游戏或电影渲染的传统GPU市场就那么大，增长速度太慢，只能容纳下两家公司。如果打这块市场，就只能打价格战。”但一位资深业内人士称，开辟了人工智能等计算需求后，GPU市场就能容纳更多公司。有业内人士判断，全球几千亿元市场，至少能容纳四五家公司活下去。\n在这种判断下，几家国产GPU公司都不约而同瞄准新兴计算市场，然后再逐步蚕食传统GPU的渲染市场。“通用算力是我们国家目前比较奇缺的东西，而很多团队在高性能GPU上恰恰有积累，已经跨过技术门槛。”有业内人士说。\n另一方面，国产化的需求也给国产GPU开辟了一块宝贵的市场。一位英伟达前员工告诉AI财经社，“过去在英伟达，我已经实现了个人的财富目标，生活也很安逸。”但她加入国产GPU公司以后，每周都会自愿牺牲周末，去开拓市场。她认为自己是在参与国内科技的一项重大突破。朋友跟她说，自从换了公司，她整个人都有如新生。\n根据平安证券的预测，到2024年，国内互联网和安防/政府需求将占到整个GPU市场的48.9%和31.4%。“大家都越来越重视信息安全属性，尤其是对安防和智能汽车这些数据。”\n陈维良预计，沐曦能够在5-6年内完成阶段目标，即做出GPU、兼容生态、实现量产，并占领国际5%-10%市场。“在服务器市场要实现5%-10%的增长很慢，但一旦突破10%，那就是势不可挡。”此后国内GPU将有资格跟英伟达和AMD同台竞争。\n在这些目标里，从0到1的增长是比较容易的一步，因为很多国内人才都做出过量产产品。“国内GPU领域的从业者，不乏有几十年工作经验的，可以在工程上有很大的突破，靠完整的经验把产品做出来。”陈维良说。\n但真正难的是从1到100的增长过程。多位芯片人士都表示，这一阶段，中国GPU企业必须走向国际竞争，去跟英伟达和AMD抢食。这时，更多需要企业的人才储备、技术投入和趋势预判。“但对于比较底层的前沿创新和研究，我们还有相当大的距离。”他说。\n另一位芯片人士告诉AI财经社，AMD光是在中国的研发团队，就有大约2000人。这比三家国产GPU企业的员工总和还多。要在国际市场上超越英伟达和AMD，还有很长的路要走。\n好在英伟达和AMD也力有不逮。有国产GPU人士透露，英伟达有比较明显的服务不到位问题，对小客户非常明显。\n而且，中国是GPU需求最前沿的市场。此前英伟达创始人黄仁勋每年都要飞来中国几回，听中国团队汇报前沿需求。比如通过电竞推广高端显卡的主意，就是由中国团队发现，然后上报给美国总部的。而土生土长的中国公司，也会在捕捉新需求上“近水楼台先得月”。\n尽管挑战英伟达之日尚远，国产GPU人士仍相信，自己是在参与一项科技发展的伟大征程。“我们成立只有一年，从最初几个人到现在几百人，每一天都非常充实，非常有成就感。很多年后，回头再去看这段时间，应该会觉得是这辈子过得最值得的事吧。”一位人士称。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"159813":0.9,"NVDA":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1900,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0}],"hots":[{"id":483854961513040,"gmtCreate":1759157344913,"gmtModify":1759185002042,"author":{"id":"3557276349839561","authorId":"3557276349839561","name":"张卍亿","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d348c6a72fd9978a436b95c7e0ad82b1","crmLevel":5,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"idStr":"3557276349839561","authorIdStr":"3557276349839561"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"<a 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99%的市场。</p>\n<p>但有一群人，已经走在了挑战这两家大亨的路上。他们创立了三家国产GPU公司：沐曦、摩尔线程和壁仞科技，希望做出自主的产品，有一天能从英伟达虎口夺食。</p>\n<p>对于这群人，投资者也给予了极大信任。在没有任何芯片的情况下，就有几百亿元在两年内砸进三家公司。AI财经社获悉，三家公司中的两家将在近期开始流片（试生产），一家还在推进中，万里长征已经迈出第一步。</p>\n<p><b>市场对国产GPU需求迫切</b></p>\n<p>“客户非常急迫，恨不得现在就有产品给他用了，而且不是一两家，是所有客户都是这个状态，因为现在没有其他可选了。”沐曦创始人陈维良如此形容国产GPU的受欢迎程度。摩尔线程人士称，未来很多GPU应用，比如自动驾驶汽车和数据中心，都需要国产软硬件支撑。“我们盼星星盼月亮，就盼国产通用GPU能有一些突破。”有客户说。</p>\n<p>在最初被发明出来时，GPU只用于游戏，去完成高难度的游戏图形渲染。但后来人们发现，GPU比CPU更擅长处理并行而简单的计算工作，于是开始发掘GPU的通用计算潜能。后来，从高性能计算到多媒体，再到火爆的人工智能，GPU都是底层“算力”不可或缺的一部分。例如，人工智能计算要用到大量的矩阵乘法和卷积，都是GPU擅长的事情。</p>\n<p>到如今，英伟达和AMD已经垄断了全球的独立GPU市场：在数据中心分别占据81%和19%，在PC端则与<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/INTC\">英特尔</a>共占99%市场。这让部分客户苦不堪言：“英伟达的GPU价格贵、极度缺货，而且很多计算中心还有国产化需求。”</p>\n<p>但既然这么有需要，为什么国内芯片企业过去不做？“因为GPU的软硬件系统技术门槛比较高，是很复杂的系统工程。”有国产GPU人士说。国内的科技巨头往往选择开发专用AI芯片，比如华为昇腾、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BIDU\">百度</a>昆仑和阿里寒光，而不是通用GPU。形象地说，专用AI芯片更像专业技工，解决专门的问题，而通用GPU则是通才。</p>\n<p>“通用GPU的难度体现在复杂度上面。”陈维良解释说，对于专用AI芯片来说，只明确知道需求，把相应的功能实现就可以。但通用GPU需要适配各种环境，面对灵活多变的需求。“换句话说，它有一套计算机体系结构所有的东西，包括支持的指令集、计算调度、数据搬迁等。”</p>\n<p>有芯片人士告诉AI财经社，在过去造国产CPU时，国内公司最初依托海外的指令集，在对CPU产品设计、市场需求和生态的理解上，是通过磕磕绊绊的很多弯路才获得的，20多年才建成了如今国产CPU的格局。但国产GPU不必走这样的弯路，因为几家公司的创始成员都是GPU行业老人，深谙产品、市场和生态规则。</p>\n<p>实际上，三家国产GPU的领军人物，也主要来自英伟达和AMD两家企业。沐曦的创始人陈维良是AMD图形研发高级总监，CTO杨建是AMD Fellow（最高技术岗）；摩尔线程创始人张建中是英伟达副总裁；壁仞的联席CEO李新荣是AMD全球副总裁。</p>\n<p>“我们能清楚地说出，过去10年哪些世界上最高端的GPU是我们主导做出来的。”陈维良说，正所谓难者不会，会者不难，由于是资深行业人士，他们清楚每个环节需要什么技能，要克服哪些难点，“再做一颗对我们来说并不是什么问题。”</p>\n<p>制造出硬件只能算第一步。为了让各行业应用能用上GPU，就需要建立软件生态。英伟达从2006年开始培育CUDA生态，然后培育开发者来开发应用，比如华尔街的金融人士，或者中国的高性能计算和电竞人士，通过漫长的10余年时间，构筑起一道护城河，即使其他公司做出水平相当的硬件，软件开发者也不会轻易迁移。国内的一部分AI专用芯片，就因为与CUDA生态不兼容，遭遇了“有人造，没人用”的难题。</p>\n<p>对此，国产GPU打算用“兼容CUDA生态”的方式解决问题。“就像不同公司的GPU没有统一指令集，为什么都可以玩游戏？因为是在API（应用程序接口）层次上兼容的。”陈维良表示。例如AMD在做ROCm生态时，通过兼容CUDA，只用两年就站稳了脚跟。摩尔线程也计划采用同样做法。树立在国产GPU面前的生态高墙，并不如国产数据库或国产CPU那样难以逾越。</p>\n<p>看到了翻越几座大山的清晰路径，让国产GPU的创业者更坚定信心，去做国产GPU公司。更可贵的是，国内需求对国产GPU的崛起提供了宝贵的支撑和机会窗口。</p>\n<p><b>终有一天挑战英伟达</b></p>\n<p>搅动GPU市场的，一方面是新需求的出现，能容纳更多公司；另一方面是国产化给中国公司提供了一个机遇。</p>\n<p>过去英伟达和AMD形成双巨头垄断的格局，部分是由于传统GPU市场增长停滞。“做游戏或电影渲染的传统GPU市场就那么大，增长速度太慢，只能容纳下两家公司。如果打这块市场，就只能打价格战。”但一位资深业内人士称，开辟了人工智能等计算需求后，GPU市场就能容纳更多公司。有业内人士判断，全球几千亿元市场，至少能容纳四五家公司活下去。</p>\n<p>在这种判断下，几家国产GPU公司都不约而同瞄准新兴计算市场，然后再逐步蚕食传统GPU的渲染市场。“通用算力是我们国家目前比较奇缺的东西，而很多团队在高性能GPU上恰恰有积累，已经跨过技术门槛。”有业内人士说。</p>\n<p>另一方面，国产化的需求也给国产GPU开辟了一块宝贵的市场。一位英伟达前员工告诉AI财经社，“过去在英伟达，我已经实现了个人的财富目标，生活也很安逸。”但她加入国产GPU公司以后，每周都会自愿牺牲周末，去开拓市场。她认为自己是在参与国内科技的一项重大突破。朋友跟她说，自从换了公司，她整个人都有如<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/ABCD\">新生</a>。</p>\n<p>根据平安证券的预测，到2024年，国内互联网和安防/政府需求将占到整个GPU市场的48.9%和31.4%。“大家都越来越重视信息安全属性，尤其是对安防和智能汽车这些数据。”</p>\n<p>陈维良预计，沐曦能够在5-6年内完成阶段目标，即做出GPU、兼容生态、实现量产，并占领国际5%-10%市场。“在服务器市场要实现5%-10%的增长很慢，但一旦突破10%，那就是势不可挡。”此后国内GPU将有资格跟英伟达和AMD同台竞争。</p>\n<p>在这些目标里，从0到1的增长是比较容易的一步，因为很多国内人才都做出过量产产品。“国内GPU领域的从业者，不乏有几十年工作经验的，可以在工程上有很大的突破，靠完整的经验把产品做出来。”陈维良说。</p>\n<p>但真正难的是从1到100的增长过程。多位芯片人士都表示，这一阶段，中国GPU企业必须走向国际竞争，去跟英伟达和AMD抢食。这时，更多需要企业的人才储备、技术投入和趋势预判。“但对于比较底层的前沿创新和研究，我们还有相当大的距离。”他说。</p>\n<p>另一位芯片人士告诉AI财经社，AMD光是在中国的研发团队，就有大约2000人。这比三家国产GPU企业的员工总和还多。要在国际市场上超越英伟达和AMD，还有很长的路要走。</p>\n<p>好在英伟达和AMD也力有不逮。有国产GPU人士透露，英伟达有比较明显的服务不到位问题，对小客户非常明显。</p>\n<p>而且，中国是GPU需求最前沿的市场。此前英伟达创始人黄仁勋每年都要飞来中国几回，听中国团队汇报前沿需求。比如通过电竞推广高端显卡的主意，就是由中国团队发现，然后上报给美国总部的。而土生土长的中国公司，也会在捕捉新需求上“近水楼台先得月”。</p>\n<p>尽管挑战英伟达之日尚远，国产GPU人士仍相信，自己是在参与一项科技发展的伟大征程。“我们成立只有一年，从最初几个人到现在几百人，每一天都非常充实，非常有成就感。很多年后，回头再去看这段时间，应该会觉得是这辈子过得最值得的事吧。”一位人士称。</p>","source":"AI财经社","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>与英伟达“硬刚”的芯片人</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; 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color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n与英伟达“硬刚”的芯片人\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-09-18 09:23 北京时间&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/lh1ST9hmxGPyyNC52-VSTg><strong>AI财经社</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>今年夏季，美国芯片大厂英伟达和AMD的股价分别达到历史最高点，对应5600亿和1300亿美元市值。而市值狂飙的原因，在于人工智能、自动驾驶和数据中心的计算都离不开他们提供的GPU。根据统计，这两家公司垄断了全球独立GPU 99%的市场。\n但有一群人，已经走在了挑战这两家大亨的路上。他们创立了三家国产GPU公司：沐曦、摩尔线程和壁仞科技，希望做出自主的产品，有一天能从英伟达虎口夺食。\n对于这群人，...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/lh1ST9hmxGPyyNC52-VSTg\">Web Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3f1c866c487eb9e101f73a62d4495ce9","relate_stocks":{"159813":"芯片","NVDA":"英伟达"},"source_url":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/lh1ST9hmxGPyyNC52-VSTg","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1129672449","content_text":"今年夏季，美国芯片大厂英伟达和AMD的股价分别达到历史最高点，对应5600亿和1300亿美元市值。而市值狂飙的原因，在于人工智能、自动驾驶和数据中心的计算都离不开他们提供的GPU。根据统计，这两家公司垄断了全球独立GPU 99%的市场。\n但有一群人，已经走在了挑战这两家大亨的路上。他们创立了三家国产GPU公司：沐曦、摩尔线程和壁仞科技，希望做出自主的产品，有一天能从英伟达虎口夺食。\n对于这群人，投资者也给予了极大信任。在没有任何芯片的情况下，就有几百亿元在两年内砸进三家公司。AI财经社获悉，三家公司中的两家将在近期开始流片（试生产），一家还在推进中，万里长征已经迈出第一步。\n市场对国产GPU需求迫切\n“客户非常急迫，恨不得现在就有产品给他用了，而且不是一两家，是所有客户都是这个状态，因为现在没有其他可选了。”沐曦创始人陈维良如此形容国产GPU的受欢迎程度。摩尔线程人士称，未来很多GPU应用，比如自动驾驶汽车和数据中心，都需要国产软硬件支撑。“我们盼星星盼月亮，就盼国产通用GPU能有一些突破。”有客户说。\n在最初被发明出来时，GPU只用于游戏，去完成高难度的游戏图形渲染。但后来人们发现，GPU比CPU更擅长处理并行而简单的计算工作，于是开始发掘GPU的通用计算潜能。后来，从高性能计算到多媒体，再到火爆的人工智能，GPU都是底层“算力”不可或缺的一部分。例如，人工智能计算要用到大量的矩阵乘法和卷积，都是GPU擅长的事情。\n到如今，英伟达和AMD已经垄断了全球的独立GPU市场：在数据中心分别占据81%和19%，在PC端则与英特尔共占99%市场。这让部分客户苦不堪言：“英伟达的GPU价格贵、极度缺货，而且很多计算中心还有国产化需求。”\n但既然这么有需要，为什么国内芯片企业过去不做？“因为GPU的软硬件系统技术门槛比较高，是很复杂的系统工程。”有国产GPU人士说。国内的科技巨头往往选择开发专用AI芯片，比如华为昇腾、百度昆仑和阿里寒光，而不是通用GPU。形象地说，专用AI芯片更像专业技工，解决专门的问题，而通用GPU则是通才。\n“通用GPU的难度体现在复杂度上面。”陈维良解释说，对于专用AI芯片来说，只明确知道需求，把相应的功能实现就可以。但通用GPU需要适配各种环境，面对灵活多变的需求。“换句话说，它有一套计算机体系结构所有的东西，包括支持的指令集、计算调度、数据搬迁等。”\n有芯片人士告诉AI财经社，在过去造国产CPU时，国内公司最初依托海外的指令集，在对CPU产品设计、市场需求和生态的理解上，是通过磕磕绊绊的很多弯路才获得的，20多年才建成了如今国产CPU的格局。但国产GPU不必走这样的弯路，因为几家公司的创始成员都是GPU行业老人，深谙产品、市场和生态规则。\n实际上，三家国产GPU的领军人物，也主要来自英伟达和AMD两家企业。沐曦的创始人陈维良是AMD图形研发高级总监，CTO杨建是AMD Fellow（最高技术岗）；摩尔线程创始人张建中是英伟达副总裁；壁仞的联席CEO李新荣是AMD全球副总裁。\n“我们能清楚地说出，过去10年哪些世界上最高端的GPU是我们主导做出来的。”陈维良说，正所谓难者不会，会者不难，由于是资深行业人士，他们清楚每个环节需要什么技能，要克服哪些难点，“再做一颗对我们来说并不是什么问题。”\n制造出硬件只能算第一步。为了让各行业应用能用上GPU，就需要建立软件生态。英伟达从2006年开始培育CUDA生态，然后培育开发者来开发应用，比如华尔街的金融人士，或者中国的高性能计算和电竞人士，通过漫长的10余年时间，构筑起一道护城河，即使其他公司做出水平相当的硬件，软件开发者也不会轻易迁移。国内的一部分AI专用芯片，就因为与CUDA生态不兼容，遭遇了“有人造，没人用”的难题。\n对此，国产GPU打算用“兼容CUDA生态”的方式解决问题。“就像不同公司的GPU没有统一指令集，为什么都可以玩游戏？因为是在API（应用程序接口）层次上兼容的。”陈维良表示。例如AMD在做ROCm生态时，通过兼容CUDA，只用两年就站稳了脚跟。摩尔线程也计划采用同样做法。树立在国产GPU面前的生态高墙，并不如国产数据库或国产CPU那样难以逾越。\n看到了翻越几座大山的清晰路径，让国产GPU的创业者更坚定信心，去做国产GPU公司。更可贵的是，国内需求对国产GPU的崛起提供了宝贵的支撑和机会窗口。\n终有一天挑战英伟达\n搅动GPU市场的，一方面是新需求的出现，能容纳更多公司；另一方面是国产化给中国公司提供了一个机遇。\n过去英伟达和AMD形成双巨头垄断的格局，部分是由于传统GPU市场增长停滞。“做游戏或电影渲染的传统GPU市场就那么大，增长速度太慢，只能容纳下两家公司。如果打这块市场，就只能打价格战。”但一位资深业内人士称，开辟了人工智能等计算需求后，GPU市场就能容纳更多公司。有业内人士判断，全球几千亿元市场，至少能容纳四五家公司活下去。\n在这种判断下，几家国产GPU公司都不约而同瞄准新兴计算市场，然后再逐步蚕食传统GPU的渲染市场。“通用算力是我们国家目前比较奇缺的东西，而很多团队在高性能GPU上恰恰有积累，已经跨过技术门槛。”有业内人士说。\n另一方面，国产化的需求也给国产GPU开辟了一块宝贵的市场。一位英伟达前员工告诉AI财经社，“过去在英伟达，我已经实现了个人的财富目标，生活也很安逸。”但她加入国产GPU公司以后，每周都会自愿牺牲周末，去开拓市场。她认为自己是在参与国内科技的一项重大突破。朋友跟她说，自从换了公司，她整个人都有如新生。\n根据平安证券的预测，到2024年，国内互联网和安防/政府需求将占到整个GPU市场的48.9%和31.4%。“大家都越来越重视信息安全属性，尤其是对安防和智能汽车这些数据。”\n陈维良预计，沐曦能够在5-6年内完成阶段目标，即做出GPU、兼容生态、实现量产，并占领国际5%-10%市场。“在服务器市场要实现5%-10%的增长很慢，但一旦突破10%，那就是势不可挡。”此后国内GPU将有资格跟英伟达和AMD同台竞争。\n在这些目标里，从0到1的增长是比较容易的一步，因为很多国内人才都做出过量产产品。“国内GPU领域的从业者，不乏有几十年工作经验的，可以在工程上有很大的突破，靠完整的经验把产品做出来。”陈维良说。\n但真正难的是从1到100的增长过程。多位芯片人士都表示，这一阶段，中国GPU企业必须走向国际竞争，去跟英伟达和AMD抢食。这时，更多需要企业的人才储备、技术投入和趋势预判。“但对于比较底层的前沿创新和研究，我们还有相当大的距离。”他说。\n另一位芯片人士告诉AI财经社，AMD光是在中国的研发团队，就有大约2000人。这比三家国产GPU企业的员工总和还多。要在国际市场上超越英伟达和AMD，还有很长的路要走。\n好在英伟达和AMD也力有不逮。有国产GPU人士透露，英伟达有比较明显的服务不到位问题，对小客户非常明显。\n而且，中国是GPU需求最前沿的市场。此前英伟达创始人黄仁勋每年都要飞来中国几回，听中国团队汇报前沿需求。比如通过电竞推广高端显卡的主意，就是由中国团队发现，然后上报给美国总部的。而土生土长的中国公司，也会在捕捉新需求上“近水楼台先得月”。\n尽管挑战英伟达之日尚远，国产GPU人士仍相信，自己是在参与一项科技发展的伟大征程。“我们成立只有一年，从最初几个人到现在几百人，每一天都非常充实，非常有成就感。很多年后，回头再去看这段时间，应该会觉得是这辈子过得最值得的事吧。”一位人士称。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"159813":0.9,"NVDA":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1900,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0}],"lives":[]}