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DanielK
2021-06-15
Great read
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2021-06-14
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Mr. Buffett is neither Zuckerbergian messiah nor Musky provocateur, neither Bezosist space cadet nor Sacklerian undertaker. He is, or seems to be, quiet, humble, indifferent to money, philanthropic and critical of the system that allowed him to rise. Years ago, a proposed tax increase was named after him.</p><p><blockquote>沃伦·巴菲特似乎是最安全的亿万富翁：善良的那种。巴菲特既不是扎克伯格式的救世主，也不是马斯基式的挑衅者，既不是贝佐斯式的太空学员，也不是萨克勒式的殡仪员。他是，或者看起来是，安静，谦逊，对金钱漠不关心，乐善好施，对让他崛起的制度持批评态度。几年前，一项增税提案就是以他的名字命名的。</blockquote></p><p> It’s easy for people to think: If only members of the Sackler family were more like Mr. Buffett, imagine how many lives would have been saved. If only the billionaires who haven’t signed the Giving Pledge would give away as much as Mr. Buffett has pledged to, imagine the impact on the world. If only more billionaires would make use of the system without feeling the need to pervert it, so many of our troubles would vanish.</p><p><blockquote>人们很容易认为： 如果萨克勒家族的成员更像巴菲特先生，想象一下会挽救多少生命。如果只有那些没有签署捐赠承诺的亿万富翁们能像巴菲特先生承诺的那样捐赠多少钱，想象一下对世界的影响。如果更多的亿万富翁能够利用这个系统而不觉得有必要扭曲它，我们的许多麻烦就会消失。</blockquote></p><p> So I regret to inform you that Mr. Buffett is actually the most dangerous kind of billionaire we have. The worst billionaires are the Good Billionaires. The sort who make it seem like the problem is the distortion of the system when, in fact, the problem is the system.</p><p><blockquote>所以我很遗憾地告诉你，巴菲特先生实际上是我们拥有的最危险的亿万富翁。最差的亿万富翁是优秀的亿万富翁。那种让问题看起来是系统的扭曲，而事实上，问题是系统本身。</blockquote></p><p> Actually malevolent and disastrously negligent plutocrats get most of the attention. And when we hear about these Bad Billionaire exploits, it is possible to conclude from them that the system needs better policing, updated regulations and maybe slightly higher taxes. The system needs to be made to work again.</p><p><blockquote>事实上，恶意和灾难性疏忽的财阀得到了大部分的关注。当我们听说这些糟糕的亿万富翁的漏洞时，有可能从中得出结论，该系统需要更好的监管，更新的法规，也许还需要稍微提高税收。系统需要重新工作。</blockquote></p><p> But as America slouches toward plutocracy, our problem isn’t the virtue level of billionaires. It’s a set of social arrangements that make it possible for anyone to gain and guard and keep so much wealth, even as millions of others lack for food, work, housing, health, connectivity, education, dignity and the occasion to pursue their happiness.</p><p><blockquote>但是，随着美国对财阀统治无动于衷，我们的问题并不在于亿万富翁的美德水平。这是一套社会安排，使任何人都有可能获得、守护和保留如此多的财富，即使还有数百万人缺乏食物、工作、住房、健康、联系、教育、尊严和追求幸福的机会。</blockquote></p><p> There is no way to be a billionaire in America without taking advantage of a system predicated on cruelty, a system whose tax code and labor laws and regulatory apparatus prioritize your needs above most people’s. Even noted Good Billionaire Mr. Buffett has profited from Coca-Cola’s sugary drinks, Amazon’s union busting, Chevron’s oil drilling, Clayton Homes’s predatory loans and, as the country learned recently, the failure to tax billionaires on their wealth.</p><p><blockquote>在美国，要想成为亿万富翁，就不可能不利用一个建立在残酷基础上的制度，这个制度的税法、劳动法和监管机构将你的需求置于大多数人的需求之上。就连著名的亿万富翁巴菲特先生也从可口可乐的含糖饮料、亚马逊的工会破裂、雪佛龙的石油钻探、克莱顿房屋公司的掠夺性贷款以及《国家》最近了解到的亿万富翁未能对其财富征税中获利。</blockquote></p><p> The Good Billionaire myth took a hard blow in recent days when Mr. Buffett won a dubious distinction. A staggering exposé published by ProPublica revealed just how little the biggest plutocrats pay in taxes, despite mounting piles of wealth. And at the very top of that list of plutocrats — many of them with troubled reputations — was the cleanest, grandfatherliest plutocrat of them all: Mr. Buffett.</p><p><blockquote>最近几天，当巴菲特赢得一项可疑的荣誉时，“好亿万富翁”的神话受到了沉重打击。ProPublica 发表的一篇令人震惊的揭露揭示了最大的财阀尽管拥有越来越多的财富，但缴纳的税款是多么少。在这份财阀名单的最顶端——其中许多人声誉不佳——是他们中最干净、最像祖父的财阀：巴菲特先生。</blockquote></p><p> ProPublica’s story was unusual in that, for once, it was the Good Billionaire at the top of the naughty list. This was helpful, because it served to indict the system that makes him possible, even when it is working perfectly, wholly lawfully.</p><p><blockquote>ProPublica 的故事不同寻常，因为这一次，它是淘气榜榜首的亿万富翁。这是有帮助的，因为它起到了起诉使他成为可能的系统的作用，即使它运行得非常完美，完全合法。</blockquote></p><p> From 2014 to 2018, Mr. Buffett’s wealth soared by $24.3 billion, according to ProPublica. (To underline, this is just the amount the fortune grew.) The amount of taxes Mr. Buffett paid over this period? $23.7 million. If middle-class Americans in their 40s enjoyed such a low effective tax rate, they would have paid a few dozen bucks per household over this same time period. Instead, as the ProPublica story notes, they paid around $62,000.</p><p><blockquote>根据 ProPublica 的数据，从 2014 年到 2018 年，巴菲特先生的财富飙升了 243 亿美元。（强调一下，这只是财富增长的金额。）巴菲特先生在此期间缴纳了多少税？2370万美元。如果40多岁的美国中产阶级享受如此低的有效税率，他们将在同一时期为每个家庭支付几十美元。相反，正如ProPublica的报道所指出的，他们支付了大约62,000美元。</blockquote></p><p> Imagine if Mr. Buffett had to pay the same fraction of the growth of his net worth that regular people do. Taxing that money could have helped pay for bridge repairs, mammograms, and free day care. More important — and this isn’t said enough — there is intrinsic value in shrinking gargantuan fortunes. The sway plutocrats have over public life is inconsistent with a one person, one vote democracy.</p><p><blockquote>想象一下，如果巴菲特先生不得不支付与普通人相同的净资产增长比例。对这笔钱征税可以帮助支付桥梁维修、乳房x光检查和免费日托费用。更重要的是--这一点还不够--缩小巨额财富具有内在价值。财阀对公共生活的影响与一人一票的民主不一致。</blockquote></p><p> The important point here is that Mr. Buffett’s tax payments as detailed by ProPublica are fully legal. Though Mr. Buffett has called for changing the tax system, while we have the one we have, he will continue to benefit from the madness of taxing billionaires for their income, rather than their wealth, when their income is pretty much just a number they can construct.</p><p><blockquote>这里重要的一点是，ProPublica 详细介绍的巴菲特先生的纳税情况是完全合法的。尽管巴菲特呼吁改变税收制度，但当我们有我们现有的税收制度时，他将继续从对亿万富翁的收入而不是财富征税的疯狂行为中受益，而他们的收入几乎只是一个他们可以构建的数字。</blockquote></p><p> I asked Mr. Buffett last week, via his longtime secretary, Debbie Bosanek, if he could think of even one tax or accounting practice that he has come to regret. Sure, he may have followed the letter of the law. But was there any aspect of his patriotism or humanity that left him feeling guilty for hoarding so much untaxed when regular people pay so much in taxes? Though Ms. Bosanek responded to an initial inquiry, she declined to offer any such examples.</p><p><blockquote>上周，我通过巴菲特的长期秘书黛比·博萨内克问他，他是否能想到哪怕一个他后悔的税务或会计做法。当然，他可能遵守了法律条文。但是，当普通人缴纳如此多的税款时，他的爱国主义或人性是否有任何方面让他为囤积如此多的未纳税而感到内疚？尽管Bosanek女士对初步询问作出了答复，但她拒绝提供任何此类例子。</blockquote></p><p></p><p> In a long statement last week, Mr. Buffett defended himself by pointing to his long advocacy for a fairer taxation system, and then he immediately told on himself by undermining the very idea of taxes in the same letter. “I believe the money will be of more use to society if disbursed philanthropically than if it is used to slightly reduce an ever-increasing U.S. debt.”</p><p><blockquote>在上周的一份长篇声明中，巴菲特为自己辩护，指出他长期以来主张建立一个更公平的税收制度，然后他立即在同一封信中破坏了税收的概念。“我相信，如果这笔钱用于慈善事业，对社会的益处将大于用于略微减少不断增加的美国债务”。</blockquote></p><p> In other words: I believe in higher income taxes on people like me, but I’m highly organized to avoid having income to report, and I don’t really believe in taxes because I think I should decide how these surplus resources are spent.</p><p><blockquote>换句话说： 我相信对像我这样的人征收更高的所得税，但我非常有条理地避免有收入要申报，而且我并不真正相信税收，因为我认为我应该决定如何使用这些盈余资源。</blockquote></p><p> And this points to another way in which the Good Billionaire is hard to deal with. The crooks and the scoundrels and the people manifestly looking for quick P.R. highs come to philanthropy for the marketing payoff. When Goldman Sachs announces a new initiative on fighting the racial wealth gap despite having done little to repair the damage it did to Black homeowners in contributing to the 2008 financial meltdown, some may be fooled, but, more and more, many are not.</p><p><blockquote>这指向了优秀的亿万富翁难以应对的另一种方式。骗子、恶棍和明显寻求快速公关的人来到慈善事业是为了营销回报。当高盛宣布一项消除种族贫富差距的新举措时，尽管它在修复2008年金融危机中对黑人房主造成的损害方面几乎没有采取任何措施，有些人可能会被愚弄，但越来越多的人没有被愚弄。</blockquote></p><p> Supposed Good Billionaires like Mr. Buffett and his friend Bill Gates are more complicated because they give real money. They may benefit from marketing but also seem to many people to be motivated by more than that, and they apply their smarts to the work.</p><p><blockquote>像巴菲特和他的朋友比尔盖茨这样的所谓优秀的亿万富翁更复杂，因为他们给的是真金白银。他们可能会从营销中受益，但似乎许多人也会受到更多的激励，他们会将自己的智慧运用到工作中。</blockquote></p><p> Yet because of this, it is often the Good Billionaires who end up with the most illegitimate influence over public life. No one is asking members of the Sackler family for public health advice. But Mr. Gates has become a major policy voice on vaccines despite holding no elected position. Mr. Buffett, for his part, has shied away from that kind of lane hopping and richsplaining, but in donating his fortune to Mr. Gates’s foundation he has pumped up that undemocratic influence.</p><p><blockquote>然而，正因为如此，往往是优秀的亿万富翁最终对公共生活产生了最不正当的影响。没有人向萨克勒家族的成员寻求公共卫生建议。但是盖茨先生已经成为疫苗的主要政策代言人，尽管他没有当选职位。巴菲特先生则回避了这种跳槽和炫富的做法，但通过将自己的财富捐赠给盖茨先生的基金会，他放大了这种不民主的影响力。</blockquote></p><p> Mr. Buffett is almost the perfectly made billionaire for this moment in which, at last, many Americans are beginning to question not only corruptions of the system but the matter of whether billionaires should exist at all. He doesn’t do the things the worst of them do. He isn’t in it for what they’re in it for. He clearly must care about money, but he also kind of doesn’t care about money. Even in his generosity, he has avoided the imperial lording over that others cannot resist.</p><p><blockquote>目前，巴菲特几乎是完美的亿万富翁，在这个时刻，许多美国人终于开始质疑这个体系的腐败，以及亿万富翁是否应该存在的问题。他不会做他们中最坏的人做的事。他不是为了他们的目的而参与的。他显然肯定在乎钱，但他也有点不在乎钱。即使在他的慷慨中，他也避免了其他人无法抗拒的帝国统治。</blockquote></p><p> And this is what makes him so troubling, because through him we are tempted into believing that a system can be defended that allows a man to accumulate more than $100 billion while people are sleeping, in hock to him, in his mobile homes, shortening their lives with the beverages he’s invested in, scampering around the warehouses whose nonunion status has redounded to his money pile.</p><p><blockquote>这就是他如此令人不安的原因，因为通过他，我们很容易相信，一个制度是可以捍卫的，这个制度允许一个人在人们睡觉时积累超过 1000 亿美元，在他的活动房屋里，用他投资的饮料缩短他们的寿命，在仓库里跑来跑去，而这些仓库的非工会身份已经增加到他的钱堆里。</blockquote></p><p> It can’t. And who keeps us from seeing that simple, stark truth more effectively, more perniciously, than the Good Billionaire?</p><p><blockquote>它不能。谁比善良的亿万富翁更有效地、更有害地阻止我们看到这个简单、赤裸裸的真相？</blockquote></p><p></p>","source":"lsy1608616134662","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Warren Buffett and the Myth of the ‘Good Billionaire’<blockquote>沃伦·巴菲特与“优秀亿万富翁”的神话</blockquote></title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nWarren Buffett and the Myth of the ‘Good Billionaire’<blockquote>沃伦·巴菲特与“优秀亿万富翁”的神话</blockquote>\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<p class=\"head\">\n<strong class=\"h-name small\">The New York Times</strong><span class=\"h-time small\">2021-06-15 08:18</span>\n</p>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/002912ff5cccdf9eee5a5197b6b82e93\" tg-width=\"1600\" tg-height=\"1600\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"><span>Illustration by The New York Times; Photograph via Getty</span></p><p><blockquote><p class=\"t-img-caption\"><span>纽约时报插图；照片来自盖蒂</span></p></blockquote></p><p> Warren Buffett appears to be the safest kind of billionaire: the good kind. Mr. Buffett is neither Zuckerbergian messiah nor Musky provocateur, neither Bezosist space cadet nor Sacklerian undertaker. He is, or seems to be, quiet, humble, indifferent to money, philanthropic and critical of the system that allowed him to rise. Years ago, a proposed tax increase was named after him.</p><p><blockquote>沃伦·巴菲特似乎是最安全的亿万富翁：善良的那种。巴菲特既不是扎克伯格式的救世主，也不是马斯基式的挑衅者，既不是贝佐斯式的太空学员，也不是萨克勒式的殡仪员。他是，或者看起来是，安静，谦逊，对金钱漠不关心，乐善好施，对让他崛起的制度持批评态度。几年前，一项增税提案就是以他的名字命名的。</blockquote></p><p> It’s easy for people to think: If only members of the Sackler family were more like Mr. Buffett, imagine how many lives would have been saved. If only the billionaires who haven’t signed the Giving Pledge would give away as much as Mr. Buffett has pledged to, imagine the impact on the world. If only more billionaires would make use of the system without feeling the need to pervert it, so many of our troubles would vanish.</p><p><blockquote>人们很容易认为： 如果萨克勒家族的成员更像巴菲特先生，想象一下会挽救多少生命。如果只有那些没有签署捐赠承诺的亿万富翁们能像巴菲特先生承诺的那样捐赠多少钱，想象一下对世界的影响。如果更多的亿万富翁能够利用这个系统而不觉得有必要扭曲它，我们的许多麻烦就会消失。</blockquote></p><p> So I regret to inform you that Mr. Buffett is actually the most dangerous kind of billionaire we have. The worst billionaires are the Good Billionaires. The sort who make it seem like the problem is the distortion of the system when, in fact, the problem is the system.</p><p><blockquote>所以我很遗憾地告诉你，巴菲特先生实际上是我们拥有的最危险的亿万富翁。最差的亿万富翁是优秀的亿万富翁。那种让问题看起来是系统的扭曲，而事实上，问题是系统本身。</blockquote></p><p> Actually malevolent and disastrously negligent plutocrats get most of the attention. And when we hear about these Bad Billionaire exploits, it is possible to conclude from them that the system needs better policing, updated regulations and maybe slightly higher taxes. The system needs to be made to work again.</p><p><blockquote>事实上，恶意和灾难性疏忽的财阀得到了大部分的关注。当我们听说这些糟糕的亿万富翁的漏洞时，有可能从中得出结论，该系统需要更好的监管，更新的法规，也许还需要稍微提高税收。系统需要重新工作。</blockquote></p><p> But as America slouches toward plutocracy, our problem isn’t the virtue level of billionaires. It’s a set of social arrangements that make it possible for anyone to gain and guard and keep so much wealth, even as millions of others lack for food, work, housing, health, connectivity, education, dignity and the occasion to pursue their happiness.</p><p><blockquote>但是，随着美国对财阀统治无动于衷，我们的问题并不在于亿万富翁的美德水平。这是一套社会安排，使任何人都有可能获得、守护和保留如此多的财富，即使还有数百万人缺乏食物、工作、住房、健康、联系、教育、尊严和追求幸福的机会。</blockquote></p><p> There is no way to be a billionaire in America without taking advantage of a system predicated on cruelty, a system whose tax code and labor laws and regulatory apparatus prioritize your needs above most people’s. Even noted Good Billionaire Mr. Buffett has profited from Coca-Cola’s sugary drinks, Amazon’s union busting, Chevron’s oil drilling, Clayton Homes’s predatory loans and, as the country learned recently, the failure to tax billionaires on their wealth.</p><p><blockquote>在美国，要想成为亿万富翁，就不可能不利用一个建立在残酷基础上的制度，这个制度的税法、劳动法和监管机构将你的需求置于大多数人的需求之上。就连著名的亿万富翁巴菲特先生也从可口可乐的含糖饮料、亚马逊的工会破裂、雪佛龙的石油钻探、克莱顿房屋公司的掠夺性贷款以及《国家》最近了解到的亿万富翁未能对其财富征税中获利。</blockquote></p><p> The Good Billionaire myth took a hard blow in recent days when Mr. Buffett won a dubious distinction. A staggering exposé published by ProPublica revealed just how little the biggest plutocrats pay in taxes, despite mounting piles of wealth. And at the very top of that list of plutocrats — many of them with troubled reputations — was the cleanest, grandfatherliest plutocrat of them all: Mr. Buffett.</p><p><blockquote>最近几天，当巴菲特赢得一项可疑的荣誉时，“好亿万富翁”的神话受到了沉重打击。ProPublica 发表的一篇令人震惊的揭露揭示了最大的财阀尽管拥有越来越多的财富，但缴纳的税款是多么少。在这份财阀名单的最顶端——其中许多人声誉不佳——是他们中最干净、最像祖父的财阀：巴菲特先生。</blockquote></p><p> ProPublica’s story was unusual in that, for once, it was the Good Billionaire at the top of the naughty list. This was helpful, because it served to indict the system that makes him possible, even when it is working perfectly, wholly lawfully.</p><p><blockquote>ProPublica 的故事不同寻常，因为这一次，它是淘气榜榜首的亿万富翁。这是有帮助的，因为它起到了起诉使他成为可能的系统的作用，即使它运行得非常完美，完全合法。</blockquote></p><p> From 2014 to 2018, Mr. Buffett’s wealth soared by $24.3 billion, according to ProPublica. (To underline, this is just the amount the fortune grew.) The amount of taxes Mr. Buffett paid over this period? $23.7 million. If middle-class Americans in their 40s enjoyed such a low effective tax rate, they would have paid a few dozen bucks per household over this same time period. Instead, as the ProPublica story notes, they paid around $62,000.</p><p><blockquote>根据 ProPublica 的数据，从 2014 年到 2018 年，巴菲特先生的财富飙升了 243 亿美元。（强调一下，这只是财富增长的金额。）巴菲特先生在此期间缴纳了多少税？2370万美元。如果40多岁的美国中产阶级享受如此低的有效税率，他们将在同一时期为每个家庭支付几十美元。相反，正如ProPublica的报道所指出的，他们支付了大约62,000美元。</blockquote></p><p> Imagine if Mr. Buffett had to pay the same fraction of the growth of his net worth that regular people do. Taxing that money could have helped pay for bridge repairs, mammograms, and free day care. More important — and this isn’t said enough — there is intrinsic value in shrinking gargantuan fortunes. The sway plutocrats have over public life is inconsistent with a one person, one vote democracy.</p><p><blockquote>想象一下，如果巴菲特先生不得不支付与普通人相同的净资产增长比例。对这笔钱征税可以帮助支付桥梁维修、乳房x光检查和免费日托费用。更重要的是--这一点还不够--缩小巨额财富具有内在价值。财阀对公共生活的影响与一人一票的民主不一致。</blockquote></p><p> The important point here is that Mr. Buffett’s tax payments as detailed by ProPublica are fully legal. Though Mr. Buffett has called for changing the tax system, while we have the one we have, he will continue to benefit from the madness of taxing billionaires for their income, rather than their wealth, when their income is pretty much just a number they can construct.</p><p><blockquote>这里重要的一点是，ProPublica 详细介绍的巴菲特先生的纳税情况是完全合法的。尽管巴菲特呼吁改变税收制度，但当我们有我们现有的税收制度时，他将继续从对亿万富翁的收入而不是财富征税的疯狂行为中受益，而他们的收入几乎只是一个他们可以构建的数字。</blockquote></p><p> I asked Mr. Buffett last week, via his longtime secretary, Debbie Bosanek, if he could think of even one tax or accounting practice that he has come to regret. Sure, he may have followed the letter of the law. But was there any aspect of his patriotism or humanity that left him feeling guilty for hoarding so much untaxed when regular people pay so much in taxes? Though Ms. Bosanek responded to an initial inquiry, she declined to offer any such examples.</p><p><blockquote>上周，我通过巴菲特的长期秘书黛比·博萨内克问他，他是否能想到哪怕一个他后悔的税务或会计做法。当然，他可能遵守了法律条文。但是，当普通人缴纳如此多的税款时，他的爱国主义或人性是否有任何方面让他为囤积如此多的未纳税而感到内疚？尽管Bosanek女士对初步询问作出了答复，但她拒绝提供任何此类例子。</blockquote></p><p></p><p> In a long statement last week, Mr. Buffett defended himself by pointing to his long advocacy for a fairer taxation system, and then he immediately told on himself by undermining the very idea of taxes in the same letter. “I believe the money will be of more use to society if disbursed philanthropically than if it is used to slightly reduce an ever-increasing U.S. debt.”</p><p><blockquote>在上周的一份长篇声明中，巴菲特为自己辩护，指出他长期以来主张建立一个更公平的税收制度，然后他立即在同一封信中破坏了税收的概念。“我相信，如果这笔钱用于慈善事业，对社会的益处将大于用于略微减少不断增加的美国债务”。</blockquote></p><p> In other words: I believe in higher income taxes on people like me, but I’m highly organized to avoid having income to report, and I don’t really believe in taxes because I think I should decide how these surplus resources are spent.</p><p><blockquote>换句话说： 我相信对像我这样的人征收更高的所得税，但我非常有条理地避免有收入要申报，而且我并不真正相信税收，因为我认为我应该决定如何使用这些盈余资源。</blockquote></p><p> And this points to another way in which the Good Billionaire is hard to deal with. The crooks and the scoundrels and the people manifestly looking for quick P.R. highs come to philanthropy for the marketing payoff. When Goldman Sachs announces a new initiative on fighting the racial wealth gap despite having done little to repair the damage it did to Black homeowners in contributing to the 2008 financial meltdown, some may be fooled, but, more and more, many are not.</p><p><blockquote>这指向了优秀的亿万富翁难以应对的另一种方式。骗子、恶棍和明显寻求快速公关的人来到慈善事业是为了营销回报。当高盛宣布一项消除种族贫富差距的新举措时，尽管它在修复2008年金融危机中对黑人房主造成的损害方面几乎没有采取任何措施，有些人可能会被愚弄，但越来越多的人没有被愚弄。</blockquote></p><p> Supposed Good Billionaires like Mr. Buffett and his friend Bill Gates are more complicated because they give real money. They may benefit from marketing but also seem to many people to be motivated by more than that, and they apply their smarts to the work.</p><p><blockquote>像巴菲特和他的朋友比尔盖茨这样的所谓优秀的亿万富翁更复杂，因为他们给的是真金白银。他们可能会从营销中受益，但似乎许多人也会受到更多的激励，他们会将自己的智慧运用到工作中。</blockquote></p><p> Yet because of this, it is often the Good Billionaires who end up with the most illegitimate influence over public life. No one is asking members of the Sackler family for public health advice. But Mr. Gates has become a major policy voice on vaccines despite holding no elected position. Mr. Buffett, for his part, has shied away from that kind of lane hopping and richsplaining, but in donating his fortune to Mr. Gates’s foundation he has pumped up that undemocratic influence.</p><p><blockquote>然而，正因为如此，往往是优秀的亿万富翁最终对公共生活产生了最不正当的影响。没有人向萨克勒家族的成员寻求公共卫生建议。但是盖茨先生已经成为疫苗的主要政策代言人，尽管他没有当选职位。巴菲特先生则回避了这种跳槽和炫富的做法，但通过将自己的财富捐赠给盖茨先生的基金会，他放大了这种不民主的影响力。</blockquote></p><p> Mr. Buffett is almost the perfectly made billionaire for this moment in which, at last, many Americans are beginning to question not only corruptions of the system but the matter of whether billionaires should exist at all. He doesn’t do the things the worst of them do. He isn’t in it for what they’re in it for. He clearly must care about money, but he also kind of doesn’t care about money. Even in his generosity, he has avoided the imperial lording over that others cannot resist.</p><p><blockquote>目前，巴菲特几乎是完美的亿万富翁，在这个时刻，许多美国人终于开始质疑这个体系的腐败，以及亿万富翁是否应该存在的问题。他不会做他们中最坏的人做的事。他不是为了他们的目的而参与的。他显然肯定在乎钱，但他也有点不在乎钱。即使在他的慷慨中，他也避免了其他人无法抗拒的帝国统治。</blockquote></p><p> And this is what makes him so troubling, because through him we are tempted into believing that a system can be defended that allows a man to accumulate more than $100 billion while people are sleeping, in hock to him, in his mobile homes, shortening their lives with the beverages he’s invested in, scampering around the warehouses whose nonunion status has redounded to his money pile.</p><p><blockquote>这就是他如此令人不安的原因，因为通过他，我们很容易相信，一个制度是可以捍卫的，这个制度允许一个人在人们睡觉时积累超过 1000 亿美元，在他的活动房屋里，用他投资的饮料缩短他们的寿命，在仓库里跑来跑去，而这些仓库的非工会身份已经增加到他的钱堆里。</blockquote></p><p> It can’t. And who keeps us from seeing that simple, stark truth more effectively, more perniciously, than the Good Billionaire?</p><p><blockquote>它不能。谁比善良的亿万富翁更有效地、更有害地阻止我们看到这个简单、赤裸裸的真相？</blockquote></p><p></p>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n<p> 来源：<a href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/13/opinion/warren-buffett-billionaire-taxes.html?searchResultPosition=1\">The New York Times</a></p>\n<p>为提升您的阅读体验，我们对本页面进行了排版优化</p>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{"BRK.A":"伯克希尔","BRK.B":"伯克希尔B"},"source_url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/13/opinion/warren-buffett-billionaire-taxes.html?searchResultPosition=1","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1112731941","content_text":"Illustration by The New York Times; Photograph via Getty\nWarren Buffett appears to be the safest kind of billionaire: the good kind. Mr. Buffett is neither Zuckerbergian messiah nor Musky provocateur, neither Bezosist space cadet nor Sacklerian undertaker. He is, or seems to be, quiet, humble, indifferent to money, philanthropic and critical of the system that allowed him to rise. Years ago, a proposed tax increase was named after him.\nIt’s easy for people to think: If only members of the Sackler family were more like Mr. Buffett, imagine how many lives would have been saved. If only the billionaires who haven’t signed the Giving Pledge would give away as much as Mr. Buffett has pledged to, imagine the impact on the world. If only more billionaires would make use of the system without feeling the need to pervert it, so many of our troubles would vanish.\nSo I regret to inform you that Mr. Buffett is actually the most dangerous kind of billionaire we have. The worst billionaires are the Good Billionaires. The sort who make it seem like the problem is the distortion of the system when, in fact, the problem is the system.\nActually malevolent and disastrously negligent plutocrats get most of the attention. And when we hear about these Bad Billionaire exploits, it is possible to conclude from them that the system needs better policing, updated regulations and maybe slightly higher taxes. The system needs to be made to work again.\nBut as America slouches toward plutocracy, our problem isn’t the virtue level of billionaires. It’s a set of social arrangements that make it possible for anyone to gain and guard and keep so much wealth, even as millions of others lack for food, work, housing, health, connectivity, education, dignity and the occasion to pursue their happiness.\nThere is no way to be a billionaire in America without taking advantage of a system predicated on cruelty, a system whose tax code and labor laws and regulatory apparatus prioritize your needs above most people’s. Even noted Good Billionaire Mr. Buffett has profited from Coca-Cola’s sugary drinks, Amazon’s union busting, Chevron’s oil drilling, Clayton Homes’s predatory loans and, as the country learned recently, the failure to tax billionaires on their wealth.\nThe Good Billionaire myth took a hard blow in recent days when Mr. Buffett won a dubious distinction. A staggering exposé published by ProPublica revealed just how little the biggest plutocrats pay in taxes, despite mounting piles of wealth. And at the very top of that list of plutocrats — many of them with troubled reputations — was the cleanest, grandfatherliest plutocrat of them all: Mr. Buffett.\nProPublica’s story was unusual in that, for once, it was the Good Billionaire at the top of the naughty list. This was helpful, because it served to indict the system that makes him possible, even when it is working perfectly, wholly lawfully.\nFrom 2014 to 2018, Mr. Buffett’s wealth soared by $24.3 billion, according to ProPublica. (To underline, this is just the amount the fortune grew.) The amount of taxes Mr. Buffett paid over this period? $23.7 million. If middle-class Americans in their 40s enjoyed such a low effective tax rate, they would have paid a few dozen bucks per household over this same time period. Instead, as the ProPublica story notes, they paid around $62,000.\nImagine if Mr. Buffett had to pay the same fraction of the growth of his net worth that regular people do. Taxing that money could have helped pay for bridge repairs, mammograms, and free day care. More important — and this isn’t said enough — there is intrinsic value in shrinking gargantuan fortunes. The sway plutocrats have over public life is inconsistent with a one person, one vote democracy.\nThe important point here is that Mr. Buffett’s tax payments as detailed by ProPublica are fully legal. Though Mr. Buffett has called for changing the tax system, while we have the one we have, he will continue to benefit from the madness of taxing billionaires for their income, rather than their wealth, when their income is pretty much just a number they can construct.\nI asked Mr. Buffett last week, via his longtime secretary, Debbie Bosanek, if he could think of even one tax or accounting practice that he has come to regret. Sure, he may have followed the letter of the law. But was there any aspect of his patriotism or humanity that left him feeling guilty for hoarding so much untaxed when regular people pay so much in taxes? Though Ms. Bosanek responded to an initial inquiry, she declined to offer any such examples.\nIn a long statement last week, Mr. Buffett defended himself by pointing to his long advocacy for a fairer taxation system, and then he immediately told on himself by undermining the very idea of taxes in the same letter. “I believe the money will be of more use to society if disbursed philanthropically than if it is used to slightly reduce an ever-increasing U.S. debt.”\nIn other words: I believe in higher income taxes on people like me, but I’m highly organized to avoid having income to report, and I don’t really believe in taxes because I think I should decide how these surplus resources are spent.\nAnd this points to another way in which the Good Billionaire is hard to deal with. The crooks and the scoundrels and the people manifestly looking for quick P.R. highs come to philanthropy for the marketing payoff. When Goldman Sachs announces a new initiative on fighting the racial wealth gap despite having done little to repair the damage it did to Black homeowners in contributing to the 2008 financial meltdown, some may be fooled, but, more and more, many are not.\nSupposed Good Billionaires like Mr. Buffett and his friend Bill Gates are more complicated because they give real money. They may benefit from marketing but also seem to many people to be motivated by more than that, and they apply their smarts to the work.\nYet because of this, it is often the Good Billionaires who end up with the most illegitimate influence over public life. No one is asking members of the Sackler family for public health advice. But Mr. Gates has become a major policy voice on vaccines despite holding no elected position. Mr. Buffett, for his part, has shied away from that kind of lane hopping and richsplaining, but in donating his fortune to Mr. Gates’s foundation he has pumped up that undemocratic influence.\nMr. Buffett is almost the perfectly made billionaire for this moment in which, at last, many Americans are beginning to question not only corruptions of the system but the matter of whether billionaires should exist at all. He doesn’t do the things the worst of them do. He isn’t in it for what they’re in it for. He clearly must care about money, but he also kind of doesn’t care about money. Even in his generosity, he has avoided the imperial lording over that others cannot resist.\nAnd this is what makes him so troubling, because through him we are tempted into believing that a system can be defended that allows a man to accumulate more than $100 billion while people are sleeping, in hock to him, in his mobile homes, shortening their lives with the beverages he’s invested in, scampering around the warehouses whose nonunion status has redounded to his money pile.\nIt can’t. 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