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winfredcth

winfredcth

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2021-09-03

Gd to invest now

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2021-09-03

Gd to know

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2021-08-29

$Apple(AAPL)$#freeappleshare

2021-10-09

Like

S&P 500 ends lower after U.S. September jobs miss<blockquote>美国9月就业机会未达预期，标普500收低</blockquote>

2021-09-09

Wow..gd to know

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2022-02-27

true

Buffett Full Annual Letter：Apple is One of ‘Four Giants’ Driving the Conglomerate’s Value<blockquote>巴菲特完整年度信：苹果是推动巴菲特价值的“四大巨头”之一</blockquote>

2021-11-29

👍👍

Big tech shares jumped in morning trading<blockquote>大型科技股早盘上涨</blockquote>

2021-11-02

👍

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2021-10-27

Gd

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2021-10-21

True

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21:17","market":"us","language":"en","title":"Berkshire Hathaway Buys Back $6.9B of Stock in Q4; Operating Earnings Rise 45%<blockquote>伯克希尔哈撒韦公司第四季度回购6.9 B美元的股票；营业利润增长45%</blockquote>","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1113266874","media":"seekingalpha","summary":"Berkshire Hathaway (NYSE:BRK.B) (NYSE:BRK.A) bought back $6.9B of its shares in Q4 2021. All told, B","content":"<p><html><head></head><body>Berkshire Hathaway (NYSE:BRK.B) (NYSE:BRK.A) bought back $6.9B of its shares in Q4 2021. All told, Berkshire (BRK.B) bought back $27B of its own shares in 2021, up from the $24.7B it repurchased in 2020.</p><p><blockquote><html><head></head><body>伯克希尔哈撒韦公司(NYSE：BRK.B)(NYSE：BRK.A)在2021年第四季度回购了$6.9 B的股票。总而言之，伯克希尔哈撒韦公司(BRK.B)在2021年回购了27B美元的自有股票，高于2020年回购的247亿美元。</body></html></blockquote></p><p>Q4 operating earnings of $7.29B vs. $6.47B in Q3 and $5.02B in Q4, a 45% Y/Y jump as insurance underwriting reversed from a year-ago loss. Railroad, energy, and utilities earnings also contributed to the gain as well as a healthy increase in &#34;other businesses.&#34;</p><p><blockquote>第四季度营业利润为$7.29 B，而第三季度为$6.47 B，第四季度为$5.02 B，同比增长45%，因为保险承保扭转了去年同期的亏损。铁路、能源和公用事业的收益以及“其他业务”的健康增长也为增长做出了贡献。</blockquote></p><p>Insurance float was ~$147B at Dec. 31, 2021 vs. ~$145B at Sept. 30.</p><p><blockquote>截至2021年12月31日，保险流通量约为1470亿美元，而截至9月30日，保险流通量约为1450亿美元。</blockquote></p><p>Operating earnings by segment:</p><p><blockquote>按分部划分的营业利润：</blockquote></p><p>Insurance underwriting — $372M vs. -$299M a year ago.</p><p><blockquote>保险承保——3.72亿美元，而一年前为2.99亿美元。</blockquote></p><p>Insurance - investment income — $1.22B vs. $1.27B</p><p><blockquote>保险-投资收入-$1.22 B vs.$1.27 B</blockquote></p><p>Railroad, utilities, and energy —$2.24B vs. $2.00B.</p><p><blockquote>铁路、公用事业和能源–$2.24 B vs.$2.00 B。</blockquote></p><p>Other businesses — $2.79B vs. $2.47B</p><p><blockquote>其他业务-$2.79 B vs.$2.47 B</blockquote></p><p>Other — $662M vs. -$412M</p><p><blockquote>其他–6.62亿美元vs.–4.12亿美元</blockquote></p><p>Q4 net earnings, which includes investment and derivatives gains or losses (most of which is unrealized), were $39.6B, or $17.79 per class B share. That compares with $10.3B or $4.59 per class B share, in Q3 and $35.8B, or $15.34 per share, in Q4 2020.</p><p><blockquote>第四季度净利润（包括投资和衍生品收益或损失（其中大部分未实现））为$39.6 B，即每股B类股17.79美元。相比之下，2020年第三季度B类股的股价为$10.3 B，即每股4.59美元，第四季度为$35.8 B，即每股15.34美元。</blockquote></p><p></body></html></p><p><blockquote></blockquote></p><p></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Berkshire Hathaway Buys Back $6.9B of Stock in Q4; Operating Earnings Rise 45%<blockquote>伯克希尔哈撒韦公司第四季度回购6.9 B美元的股票；营业利润增长45%</blockquote></title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nBerkshire Hathaway Buys Back $6.9B of Stock in Q4; Operating Earnings Rise 45%<blockquote>伯克希尔哈撒韦公司第四季度回购6.9 B美元的股票；营业利润增长45%</blockquote>\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<p class=\"head\">\n<strong class=\"h-name small\">seekingalpha</strong><span class=\"h-time small\">2022-02-26 21:17</span>\n</p>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p><html><head></head><body>Berkshire Hathaway (NYSE:BRK.B) (NYSE:BRK.A) bought back $6.9B of its shares in Q4 2021. All told, Berkshire (BRK.B) bought back $27B of its own shares in 2021, up from the $24.7B it repurchased in 2020.</p><p><blockquote><html><head></head><body>伯克希尔哈撒韦公司(NYSE：BRK.B)(NYSE：BRK.A)在2021年第四季度回购了$6.9 B的股票。总而言之，伯克希尔哈撒韦公司(BRK.B)在2021年回购了27B美元的自有股票，高于2020年回购的247亿美元。</body></html></blockquote></p><p>Q4 operating earnings of $7.29B vs. $6.47B in Q3 and $5.02B in Q4, a 45% Y/Y jump as insurance underwriting reversed from a year-ago loss. Railroad, energy, and utilities earnings also contributed to the gain as well as a healthy increase in &#34;other businesses.&#34;</p><p><blockquote>第四季度营业利润为$7.29 B，而第三季度为$6.47 B，第四季度为$5.02 B，同比增长45%，因为保险承保扭转了去年同期的亏损。铁路、能源和公用事业的收益以及“其他业务”的健康增长也为增长做出了贡献。</blockquote></p><p>Insurance float was ~$147B at Dec. 31, 2021 vs. ~$145B at Sept. 30.</p><p><blockquote>截至2021年12月31日，保险流通量约为1470亿美元，而截至9月30日，保险流通量约为1450亿美元。</blockquote></p><p>Operating earnings by segment:</p><p><blockquote>按分部划分的营业利润：</blockquote></p><p>Insurance underwriting — $372M vs. -$299M a year ago.</p><p><blockquote>保险承保——3.72亿美元，而一年前为2.99亿美元。</blockquote></p><p>Insurance - investment income — $1.22B vs. $1.27B</p><p><blockquote>保险-投资收入-$1.22 B vs.$1.27 B</blockquote></p><p>Railroad, utilities, and energy —$2.24B vs. $2.00B.</p><p><blockquote>铁路、公用事业和能源–$2.24 B vs.$2.00 B。</blockquote></p><p>Other businesses — $2.79B vs. $2.47B</p><p><blockquote>其他业务-$2.79 B vs.$2.47 B</blockquote></p><p>Other — $662M vs. -$412M</p><p><blockquote>其他–6.62亿美元vs.–4.12亿美元</blockquote></p><p>Q4 net earnings, which includes investment and derivatives gains or losses (most of which is unrealized), were $39.6B, or $17.79 per class B share. That compares with $10.3B or $4.59 per class B share, in Q3 and $35.8B, or $15.34 per share, in Q4 2020.</p><p><blockquote>第四季度净利润（包括投资和衍生品收益或损失（其中大部分未实现））为$39.6 B，即每股B类股17.79美元。相比之下，2020年第三季度B类股的股价为$10.3 B，即每股4.59美元，第四季度为$35.8 B，即每股15.34美元。</blockquote></p><p></body></html></p><p><blockquote></blockquote></p><p></p>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n<p> 来源：<a href=\"https://seekingalpha.com/news/3806245-berkshire-hathaway-buys-back-69b-of-stock-in-q4-operating-earnings-rise-45\">seekingalpha</a></p>\n<p>为提升您的阅读体验，我们对本页面进行了排版优化</p>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{"BRK.B":"伯克希尔B","BRK.A":"伯克希尔"},"source_url":"https://seekingalpha.com/news/3806245-berkshire-hathaway-buys-back-69b-of-stock-in-q4-operating-earnings-rise-45","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1113266874","content_text":"Berkshire Hathaway (NYSE:BRK.B) (NYSE:BRK.A) bought back $6.9B of its shares in Q4 2021. All told, Berkshire (BRK.B) bought back $27B of its own shares in 2021, up from the $24.7B it repurchased in 2020.Q4 operating earnings of $7.29B vs. $6.47B in Q3 and $5.02B in Q4, a 45% Y/Y jump as insurance underwriting reversed from a year-ago loss. Railroad, energy, and utilities earnings also contributed to the gain as well as a healthy increase in \"other businesses.\"Insurance float was ~$147B at Dec. 31, 2021 vs. ~$145B at Sept. 30.Operating earnings by segment:Insurance underwriting — $372M vs. -$299M a year ago.Insurance - investment income — $1.22B vs. $1.27BRailroad, utilities, and energy —$2.24B vs. $2.00B.Other businesses — $2.79B vs. $2.47BOther — $662M vs. -$412MQ4 net earnings, which includes investment and derivatives gains or losses (most of which is unrealized), were $39.6B, or $17.79 per class B share. That compares with $10.3B or $4.59 per class B share, in Q3 and $35.8B, or $15.34 per share, in Q4 2020.","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"BRK.B":0.9,"BRK.A":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":3493,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":636596428,"gmtCreate":1645975336594,"gmtModify":1645975336790,"author":{"id":"4090372448888540","authorId":"4090372448888540","name":"winfredcth","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c465570918f25ab6c6a51f818aeceaf0","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"4090372448888540","idStr":"4090372448888540"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"true","listText":"true","text":"true","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":1,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/636596428","repostId":"1125580913","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1125580913","kind":"news","weMediaInfo":{"introduction":"Providing stock market headlines, business news, financials and earnings ","home_visible":1,"media_name":"Tiger Newspress","id":"1079075236","head_image":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba"},"pubTimestamp":1645926503,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1125580913?lang=zh_CN&edition=full","pubTime":"2022-02-27 09:48","market":"us","language":"en","title":"Buffett Full Annual Letter：Apple is One of ‘Four Giants’ Driving the Conglomerate’s Value<blockquote>巴菲特完整年度信：苹果是推动巴菲特价值的“四大巨头”之一</blockquote>","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1125580913","media":"Tiger Newspress","summary":"Warren Buffett released his annual letter to Berkshire Hathaway shareholders on Saturday. The 91-yea","content":"<p><html><head></head><body>Warren Buffett released his annual letter to Berkshire Hathaway shareholders on Saturday. The 91-year-old investing legend has been publishing the letter for over six decades and it has become required reading for investors around the world.</p><p><blockquote><html><head></head><body>沃伦·巴菲特周六发布了致伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司股东的年度信。这位91岁的投资传奇人物已经出版这封信60多年了，它已成为世界各地投资者的必读书目。</body></html></blockquote></p><p>Warren Buffett said he now considers tech giant Apple as one of the four pillars driving Berkshire Hathaway, the conglomerate of mostly old-economy businesses he’s assembled over the last five decades.</p><p><blockquote>沃伦·巴菲特表示，他现在认为科技巨头苹果是推动伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司的四大支柱之一，伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司是沃伦·巴菲特在过去50年里组建的主要由旧经济企业组成的企业集团。</blockquote></p><p>In his annual letter to shareholders released on Saturday, the 91-year-old investing legend listed Apple under the heading “Our Four Giants” and even called the company the second-most important after Berkshire’s cluster of insurers, thanks to its chief executive.</p><p><blockquote>在周六发布的致股东的年度信中，这位91岁的投资传奇人物将苹果列为“我们的四大巨头”，甚至称该公司是仅次于伯克希尔保险集团的第二大保险公司，这要归功于伯克希尔的首席执行官。</blockquote></p><p>“Tim Cook, Apple’s brilliant CEO, quite properly regards users of Apple products as his first love, but all of his other constituencies benefit from Tim’s managerial touch as well,” the letter stated.</p><p><blockquote>信中写道：“苹果才华横溢的首席执行官蒂姆·库克非常恰当地将苹果产品的用户视为他的初恋，但他的所有其他支持者也受益于蒂姆的管理风格。”</blockquote></p><p>Buffett made clear he is a fan of Cook’s stock repurchase strategy, and how it gives the conglomerate increased ownership of each dollar of the iPhone maker’s earnings without the investor having to lift a finger.</p><p><blockquote>巴菲特明确表示，他是库克股票回购策略的粉丝，以及该策略如何让该集团增加对这家iPhone制造商每一美元收益的所有权，而投资者无需动一根手指。</blockquote></p><p>“Apple – our runner-up Giant as measured by its yearend market value – is a different sort of holding. Here, our ownership is a mere 5.55%, up from 5.39% a year earlier,” Buffett said in the letter. “That increase sounds like small potatoes. But consider that each 0.1% of Apple’s 2021 earnings amounted to $100 million. We spent no Berkshire funds to gain our accretion. Apple’s repurchases did the job.”</p><p><blockquote>巴菲特在信中表示：“以年终市值衡量，苹果是我们的第二大巨头。在这里，我们的持股比例仅为5.55%，高于一年前的5.39%。”“这一增长听起来像是小巫见大巫。但考虑到苹果2021年盈利的0.1%相当于1亿美元。我们没有花费伯克希尔的资金来获得增长。苹果的回购完成了这项工作。”</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire began buying Apple stock in 2016 under the influence of Buffett’s investing deputies Todd Combs and Ted Weschler. By mid-2018, the conglomerate accumulated 5% ownership of the iPhone maker, a stake that cost $36 billion. Today, the Apple investment is now worth more than $160 billion, taking up 40% of Berkshire’s equity portfolio.</p><p><blockquote>在巴菲特投资副手Todd Combs和Ted Weschler的影响下，Berkshire于2016年开始买入苹果股票。到2018年中期，该集团积累了这家iPhone制造商5%的股份，价值360亿美元。如今，苹果的投资价值超过1600亿美元，占伯克希尔股票投资组合的40%。</blockquote></p><p>“It’s important to understand that only dividends from Apple are counted in the GAAP earnings Berkshire reports – and last year, Apple paid us $785 million of those. Yet our ‘share’ of Apple’s earnings amounted to a staggering $5.6 billion. Much of what the company retained was used to repurchase Apple shares, an act we applaud,” Buffett said.</p><p><blockquote>“重要的是要明白，伯克希尔的GAAP收益报告中只有苹果的股息被计算在内——去年，苹果支付了其中的7.85亿美元。然而，我们在苹果收益中的‘份额’达到了惊人的56亿美元。公司保留的大部分资金用于回购苹果股票，我们对此表示赞赏。”</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire is Apple’s largest shareholder, outside of index and exchange-traded fund providers.</p><p><blockquote>除了指数和交易所交易基金提供商之外，Berkshire是苹果最大的股东。</blockquote></p><p>Buffett also credited his railroad business BNSF and energy segment BHE as two other giants of the conglomerate, which both registered record earnings in 2021.</p><p><blockquote>巴菲特还将他的铁路业务BNSF和能源部门BHE视为该集团的另外两家巨头，这两家公司在2021年的盈利均创历史新高。</blockquote></p><p>“BNSF, our third Giant, continues to be the number one artery of American commerce, which makes it an indispensable asset for America as well as for Berkshire,” Buffett said. “BHE has become a utility powerhouse and a leading force in wind, solar and transmission throughout much of the United States.”</p><p><blockquote>巴菲特表示：“我们的第三大巨头BNSF仍然是美国商业的第一大动脉，这使其成为美国和伯克希尔不可或缺的资产。”“BHE已成为美国大部分地区的公用事业巨头以及风能、太阳能和输电领域的主导力量。”</blockquote></p><p><b>Read the full letter here：</b></p><p><blockquote><b>在这里阅读完整的信：</b></blockquote></p><p>To the Shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.:</p><p><blockquote>致伯克希尔哈撒韦公司股东：</blockquote></p><p>Charlie Munger, my long-time partner, and I have the job of managing a portion of your savings. We are honored by your trust.</p><p><blockquote>我的长期合伙人查理·芒格和我的工作是管理你的一部分储蓄。我们很荣幸得到你的信任。</blockquote></p><p>Our position carries with it the responsibility to report to you what we would like to know if we were the absentee owner and you were the manager. We enjoy communicating directly with you through this annual letter, and through the annual meeting as well.</p><p><blockquote>如果我们是缺席的所有者，而您是经理，我们的职位有责任向您报告我们想知道的信息。我们喜欢通过这封年度信函和年会直接与您交流。</blockquote></p><p>Our policy is to treat all shareholders equally. Therefore, we do not hold discussions with analysts nor large institutions. Whenever possible, also, we release important communications on Saturday mornings in order to maximize the time for shareholders and the media to absorb the news before markets open on Monday.</p><p><blockquote>我们的政策是平等对待所有股东。因此，我们不与分析师或大型机构进行讨论。此外，只要有可能，我们会在周六上午发布重要信息，以便最大限度地让股东和媒体在周一开市前有时间了解新闻。</blockquote></p><p>A wealth of Berkshire facts and figures are set forth in the annual 10-K that the company regularly files with the S.E.C. and that we reproduce on pages K-1 – K-119. Some shareholders will find this detail engrossing; others will simply prefer to learn what Charlie and I believe is new or interesting at Berkshire.</p><p><blockquote>伯克希尔定期向美国证券交易委员会提交的年度10-K报告中列出了大量事实和数据。我们在K-1-K-119页复制了这一点。一些股东会发现这个细节引人入胜；其他人则更愿意了解查理和我认为伯克希尔的新事物或有趣之处。</blockquote></p><p>Alas, there was little action of that sort in 2021. We did, though, make reasonable progress in increasing the intrinsic value of your shares. That task has been my primary duty for 57 years. And it will continue to be.</p><p><blockquote>唉，2021年几乎没有这样的行动。不过，我们在增加您股票的内在价值方面确实取得了合理的进展。57年来，这项任务一直是我的主要职责。并将继续如此。</blockquote></p><p><b>What You Own</b></p><p><blockquote><b>你拥有什么</b></blockquote></p><p>Berkshire owns a wide variety of businesses, some in their entirety, some only in part. The second group largely consists of marketable common stocks of major American companies. Additionally, we own a few non-U.S. equities and participate in several joint ventures or other collaborative activities.</p><p><blockquote>伯克希尔拥有各种各样的业务，有些是全部，有些只是部分。第二组主要由美国大公司的有价证券普通股组成。此外，我们拥有一些非美国股票，并参与多家合资企业或其他合作活动。</blockquote></p><p>Whatever our form of ownership, our goal is to have meaningful investments in businesses with both durable economic advantages and a first-class CEO. Please note particularly that we own stocks based upon our expectations about their long-term business performance and not because we view them as vehicles for timely market moves. That point is crucial: Charlie and I are not stock-pickers; we are business-pickers.</p><p><blockquote>无论我们的所有权形式如何，我们的目标都是对既有持久经济优势又有一流首席执行官的企业进行有意义的投资。请特别注意，我们持有股票是基于我们对其长期业务表现的预期，而不是因为我们将它们视为及时市场波动的工具。这一点至关重要：查理和我不是选股者；我们是挑选生意的人。</blockquote></p><p></p><p>I make many mistakes. Consequently, our extensive collection of businesses includes some enterprises that have truly extraordinary economics, many others that enjoy good economic characteristics, and a few that are marginal. One advantage of our common-stock segment is that – on occasion – it becomes easy to buy pieces of wonderful businesses at wonderful prices. That shooting-fish-in-a-barrel experience is very rare in negotiated transactions and never occurs en masse. It is also far easier to exit from a mistake when it has been made in the marketable arena.</p><p><blockquote>我犯了很多错误。因此，我们广泛收集的企业包括一些具有真正非凡经济效益的企业，许多其他享有良好经济特征的企业，以及少数边缘企业。我们普通股部门的一个优势是——有时——以优惠的价格购买精彩的业务变得很容易。这种在谈判交易中射鱼的经历非常罕见，而且永远不会集体发生。当错误发生在市场舞台上时，从错误中退出也要容易得多。</blockquote></p><p><h2><b>Surprise, Surprise</b></h2>Here are a few items about your company that often surprise even seasoned investors:</p><p><blockquote><h2><b>惊喜，惊喜</b></h2>以下是有关贵公司的一些事项，即使是经验丰富的投资者也常常感到惊讶：</blockquote></p><p>• Many people perceive Berkshire as a large and somewhat strange collection of financial assets. In truth, Berkshire owns and operates more U.S.-based “infrastructure” assets – classified on our balance sheet as property, plant and equipment – than are owned and operated by any other American corporation. That supremacy has never been our goal. It has, however, become a fact.</p><p><blockquote>•许多人认为伯克希尔是一个庞大而有些奇怪的金融资产集合体。事实上，伯克希尔拥有和经营的美国“基础设施”资产（在我们的资产负债表上归类为财产、厂房和设备）比任何其他美国公司拥有和经营的都多。这种霸权从来都不是我们的目标。然而，这已经成为事实。</blockquote></p><p>At yearend, those domestic infrastructure assets were carried on Berkshire’s balance sheet at $158 billion. That number increased last year and will continue to increase. Berkshire always will be building.</p><p><blockquote>截至年底，这些国内基础设施资产在伯克希尔资产负债表上的价值为1580亿美元。这一数字去年有所增加，并将继续增加。伯克希尔将永远在建设。</blockquote></p><p>• Every year, your company makes substantial federal income tax payments. In 2021, for example, we paid</p><p><blockquote>•您的公司每年都要缴纳大量的联邦所得税。例如，在2021年，我们支付了</blockquote></p><p>$3.3 billion while the U.S. Treasury reported total corporate income-tax receipts of $402 billion. Additionally, Berkshire pays substantial state and foreign taxes. “I gave at the office” is an unassailable assertion when made by Berkshire shareholders.</p><p><blockquote>33亿美元，而美国财政部报告的企业所得税总收入为4020亿美元。此外，伯克希尔还要缴纳大量的州税和外国税。“我在办公室给了”是伯克希尔股东不容置疑的断言。</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire’s history vividly illustrates the invisible and often unrecognized financial partnership between  government and American businesses. Our tale begins early in 1955, when Berkshire Fine Spinning and Hathaway Manufacturing agreed to merge their businesses. In their requests for shareholder approval, these venerable New England textile companies expressed high hopes for the combination.</p><p><blockquote>伯克希尔的历史生动地说明了政府和美国企业之间看不见的、往往不被认可的金融伙伴关系。我们的故事始于1955年初，当时伯克希尔精细纺纱公司和哈撒韦制造公司同意合并他们的业务。在请求股东批准的请求中，这些历史悠久的新英格兰纺织公司对合并寄予厚望。</blockquote></p><p>The Hathaway solicitation, for example, assured its shareholders that “The combination of the resources and managements will result in one of the strongest and most efficient organizations in the textile industry.” That upbeat view was endorsed by the company’s advisor, Lehman Brothers (yes, that Lehman Brothers).</p><p><blockquote>例如，哈撒韦公司的招标向其股东保证，“资源和管理的结合将产生纺织行业最强大、最高效的组织之一。”这种乐观的观点得到了该公司顾问雷曼兄弟（是的，就是雷曼兄弟）的认可。</blockquote></p><p>I’m sure it was a joyous day in both Fall River (Berkshire) and New Bedford (Hathaway) when the union was consummated. After the bands stopped playing and the bankers went home, however, the shareholders reaped a disaster.</p><p><blockquote>我敢肯定，当联盟完成时，福尔里弗（伯克郡）和新贝德福德（哈撒韦）都是欢乐的一天。然而，在乐队停止演奏、银行家们回家后，股东们却收获了一场灾难。</blockquote></p><p>In the nine years following the merger, Berkshire’s owners watched the company’s net worth crater from</p><p><blockquote>在合并后的九年里，伯克希尔的所有者眼睁睁地看着公司的净资产从</blockquote></p><p>$51.4 million to $22.1 million. In part, this decline was caused by stock repurchases, ill-advised dividends and plant shutdowns. But nine years of effort by many thousands of employees delivered an operating loss as well. Berkshire’s struggles were not unusual: The New England textile industry had silently entered an extended and non-reversible death march.</p><p><blockquote>5140万美元至2210万美元。这种下降在一定程度上是由股票回购、不明智的股息和工厂关闭造成的。但数千名员工九年的努力也带来了运营亏损。伯克希尔的挣扎并不罕见：新英格兰纺织业已经悄然进入了漫长且不可逆转的死亡行军。</blockquote></p><p>During the nine post-merger years, the U.S. Treasury suffered as well from Berkshire’s troubles. All told, the company paid the government only $337,359 in income tax during that period – a pathetic $100 per day.</p><p><blockquote>在合并后的九年里，美国财政部也遭受了伯克希尔的麻烦。在此期间，该公司总共只向政府缴纳了337,359美元的所得税——每天只有可怜的100美元。</blockquote></p><p>Early in 1965, things changed. Berkshire installed new management that redeployed available cash and steered essentially all earnings into a variety of good businesses, most of which remained good through the years. Coupling reinvestment of earnings with the power of compounding worked its magic, and shareholders prospered.</p><p><blockquote>1965年初，情况发生了变化。伯克希尔任命了新的管理层，重新部署了可用现金，并将基本上所有收益转移到各种良好的业务中，其中大多数业务多年来一直保持良好状态。将收益再投资与复利的力量结合起来发挥了它的魔力，股东们也因此繁荣起来。</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire’s owners, it should be noted, were not the only beneficiary of that course correction. Their “silent partner,” the U.S. Treasury, proceeded to collect many tens of billions of dollars from the company in income tax payments. Remember the $100 daily? Now, Berkshire pays roughly $9 million daily to the Treasury.</p><p><blockquote>应该指出的是，伯克希尔的所有者并不是这一路线调整的唯一受益者。他们的“沉默伙伴”，美国财政部，继续从该公司收取数百亿美元的所得税。还记得每天100美元吗？现在，伯克希尔每天向财政部支付大约900万美元。</blockquote></p><p>In fairness to our governmental partner, our shareholders should acknowledge – indeed trumpet – the fact that Berkshire’s prosperity has been fostered mightily because the company has operated in America. Our country would have done splendidly in the years since 1965 without Berkshire. Absent our American home, however, Berkshire would never have come close to becoming what it is today. When you see the flag, say thanks.</p><p><blockquote>为我们的政府合作伙伴说句公道话，我们的股东应该承认——事实上是鼓吹——这样一个事实：伯克希尔的繁荣得到了极大的促进，因为该公司在美国运营。如果没有伯克希尔，我们的国家在1965年以来的几年里会做得非常出色。然而，如果没有我们的美国家园，伯克希尔永远不会成为今天的样子。当你看到旗子时，说声谢谢。</blockquote></p><p>• From an $8.6 million purchase of National Indemnity in 1967, Berkshire has become the world leader in insurance “float” – money we hold and can invest but that does not belong to us. Including a relatively small sum derived from life insurance, Berkshire’s total float has grown from $19 million when we entered the insurance business to $147 billion.</p><p><blockquote>1967年，伯克希尔斥资860万美元收购了美国国家赔偿公司（National Indemnity），如今已成为保险“浮动”（float）领域的全球领导者——我们持有并可以投资但不属于我们的资金。包括来自人寿保险的相对较小的金额在内，伯克希尔的总流通量已从我们进入保险业务时的1900万美元增长到1470亿美元。</blockquote></p><p>So far, this float has cost us less than nothing. Though we have experienced a number of years when insurance losses combined with operating expenses exceeded premiums, overall we have earned a modest 55-year profit from the underwriting activities that generated our float.</p><p><blockquote>到目前为止，这辆彩车让我们付出了不到一分钱的代价。尽管我们经历了多年保险损失加上运营费用超过保费的情况，但总体而言，我们从产生流通量的承保活动中获得了55年的适度利润。</blockquote></p><p></p><p>Of equal importance, float is very sticky. Funds attributable to our insurance operations come and go daily, but their aggregate total is immune from precipitous decline. When it comes to investing float, we can therefore think long-term.</p><p><blockquote>同样重要的是，浮子非常粘。归属于我们保险业务的资金每天来来去去，但其总额不会急剧下降。因此，在投资流通量时，我们可以从长计议。</blockquote></p><p>If you are not already familiar with the concept of float, I refer you to a long explanation on page A-5. To my surprise, our float increased $9 billion last year, a buildup of value that is important to Berkshire owners though is not reflected in our GAAP (“generally-accepted accounting principles”) presentation of earnings and net worth.</p><p><blockquote>如果你还不熟悉浮点的概念，我建议你参考A-5页的长篇解释。令我惊讶的是，我们的流通量去年增加了90亿美元，这一价值的积累对伯克希尔所有者来说很重要，但并未反映在我们的GAAP（“公认会计原则”）收益和净值列报中。</blockquote></p><p>Much of our huge value creation in insurance is attributable to Berkshire’s good luck in my 1986 hiring of Ajit Jain. We first met on a Saturday morning, and I quickly asked Ajit what his insurance experience had been. He replied, “None.”</p><p><blockquote>我们在保险业创造的巨大价值很大程度上要归功于伯克希尔的好运，我在1986年聘请了阿吉特·贾恩。我们第一次见面是在一个周六的早上，我很快问阿吉特他的保险经历是什么。他回答说：“没有。”</blockquote></p><p>I said, “Nobody’s perfect,” and hired him. That was my lucky day: Ajit actually was as perfect a choice as could have been made. Better yet, he continues to be – 35 years later.</p><p><blockquote>我说，“人无完人”，就雇了他。那是我的幸运日：阿吉特实际上是一个完美的选择。更好的是，35年后，他仍然是。</blockquote></p><p>One final thought about insurance: I believe that it is likely – but far from assured – that Berkshire’s float can be maintained without our incurring a long-term underwriting loss. I am certain, however, that there will be some years when we experience such losses, perhaps involving very large sums.</p><p><blockquote>关于保险的最后一个想法：我相信伯克希尔哈撒韦公司的流通股很可能——但远不能确定——能够在不遭受长期承保损失的情况下维持下去。然而，我确信，我们将在未来几年经历这种损失，可能涉及非常大的金额。</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire is constructed to handle catastrophic events as no other insurer – and that priority will remain long after Charlie and I are gone.</p><p><blockquote>伯克希尔在处理灾难性事件方面的能力与其他保险公司不同——在查理和我离开后很长一段时间内，这一优先事项仍将继续存在。</blockquote></p><p><h2>Our Four Giants</h2>Through Berkshire, our shareholders own many dozens of businesses. Some of these, in turn, have a collection of subsidiaries of their own. For example, Marmon has more than 100 individual business operations, ranging from the leasing of railroad cars to the manufacture of medical devices.</p><p><blockquote><h2>我们的四大巨头</h2>通过伯克希尔，我们的股东拥有数十家企业。反过来，其中一些又有自己的子公司。例如，Marmon拥有100多项个体业务，从铁路车辆租赁到医疗设备制造。</blockquote></p><p>• Nevertheless, operations of our “Big Four” companies account for a very large chunk of Berkshire’s value. Leading this list is our cluster of insurers. Berkshire effectively owns 100% of this group, whose massive float value we earlier described. The invested assets of these insurers are further enlarged by the extraordinary amount of capital we invest to back up their promises.</p><p><blockquote>·尽管如此，我们的“四大”公司的运营在伯克希尔的价值中占了非常大的一块。领先的是我们的保险公司集群。伯克希尔实际上拥有该集团100%的股份，其巨大的流通价值我们之前描述过。我们为支持这些保险公司的承诺而投入的大量资本进一步扩大了这些保险公司的投资资产。</blockquote></p><p>The insurance business is made to order for Berkshire. The product will never be obsolete, and sales volume will generally increase along with both economic growth and inflation. Also, integrity and capital will forever be important. Our company can and will behave well.</p><p><blockquote>保险业务是为伯克希尔定制的。该产品永远不会过时，销量通常会随着经济增长和通货膨胀而增加。此外，诚信和资本永远很重要。我们公司能够也将会表现良好。</blockquote></p><p>There are, of course, other insurers with excellent business models and prospects. Replication of Berkshire’s operation, however, would be almost impossible.</p><p><blockquote>当然，还有其他保险公司拥有出色的商业模式和前景。然而，复制伯克希尔的运作几乎是不可能的。</blockquote></p><p>• Apple – our runner-up Giant as measured by its yearend market value – is a different sort of holding. Here, our ownership is a mere 5.55%, up from 5.39% a year earlier. That increase sounds like small potatoes. But consider that each 0.1% of Apple’s 2021 earnings amounted to $100 million. We spent no Berkshire funds to gain our accretion. Apple’s repurchases did the job.</p><p><blockquote>·苹果——以年终市值衡量，它是我们的第二大巨头——是一种不同的持股类型。在这里，我们的持股比例仅为5.55%，高于一年前的5.39%。这种增长听起来像是小事。但考虑到苹果2021年盈利的0.1%总计1亿美元。我们没有花费伯克希尔的资金来获得我们的增长。苹果的回购起到了作用。</blockquote></p><p>It’s important to understand that only dividends from Apple are counted in the GAAP earnings Berkshire reports – and last year, Apple paid us $785 million of those. Yet our “share” of Apple’s earnings amounted to a staggering $5.6 billion. Much of what the company retained was used to repurchase Apple shares, an act we applaud. Tim Cook, Apple’s brilliant CEO, quite properly regards users of Apple products as his first love, but all of his other constituencies benefit from Tim’s managerial touch as well.</p><p><blockquote>重要的是要明白，伯克希尔的GAAP收益报告中只有苹果的股息被计算在内——去年，苹果支付了其中的7.85亿美元。然而，我们在苹果收益中的“份额”达到了惊人的56亿美元。该公司保留的大部分资金用于回购苹果股票，我们对此表示赞赏。苹果杰出的首席执行官蒂姆·库克（Tim Cook）非常恰当地将苹果产品的用户视为他的初恋，但他的所有其他支持者也受益于蒂姆的管理风格。</blockquote></p><p>• BNSF, our third Giant, continues to be the number one artery of American commerce, which makes it an indispensable asset for America as well as for Berkshire. If the many essential products BNSF carries were instead hauled by truck, America’s carbon emissions would soar.</p><p><blockquote>•我们的第三大巨头BNSF仍然是美国商业的头号动脉，这使它成为美国和伯克希尔不可或缺的资产。如果BNSF运输的许多基本产品改为用卡车运输，美国的碳排放量将会飙升。</blockquote></p><p>Your railroad had record earnings of $6 billion in 2021. Here, it should be noted, we are talking about the old-fashioned sort of earnings that we favor: a figure calculated after interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and all forms of compensation. (Our definition suggests a warning: Deceptive “adjustments” to earnings – to use a polite description – have become both more frequent and more fanciful as stocks have risen. Speaking less politely, I would say that bull markets breed bloviated bull )</p><p><blockquote>你们的铁路在2021年的收入达到了创纪录的60亿美元。这里应该指出的是，我们谈论的是我们喜欢的老式收入：扣除利息、税收、折旧、摊销和所有形式的补偿后计算的数字。（我们的定义暗示了一个警告：随着股市上涨，欺骗性的盈利“调整”——用礼貌的描述——变得越来越频繁，也越来越异想天开。不那么礼貌地说，我会说牛市滋生了混乱的牛市）</blockquote></p><p>BNSF trains traveled 143 million miles last year and carried 535 million tons of cargo. Both accomplishments far exceed those of any other American carrier. You can be proud of your railroad.</p><p><blockquote>BNSF列车去年行驶了1.43亿英里，运载了5.35亿吨货物。这两项成就都远远超过了任何其他美国航空公司。你可以为你的铁路感到骄傲。</blockquote></p><p>• BHE, our final Giant, earned a record $4 billion in 2021. That’s up more than 30-fold from the $122 million earned in 2000, the year that Berkshire first purchased a BHE stake. Now, Berkshire owns 91.1% of the company.</p><p><blockquote>•我们最后的巨头BHE在2021年赚了创纪录的40亿美元。这比2000年（伯克希尔哈撒韦公司首次购买BHE股份的那一年）的1.22亿美元收入增长了30多倍。现在，伯克希尔拥有该公司91.1%的股份。</blockquote></p><p></p><p>BHE’s record of societal accomplishment is as remarkable as its financial performance. The company had no wind or solar generation in 2000. It was then regarded simply as a relatively new and minor participant in the huge electric utility industry. Subsequently, under David Sokol’s and Greg Abel’s leadership, BHE has become a utility powerhouse (no groaning, please) and a leading force in wind, solar and transmission throughout much of the United States.</p><p><blockquote>BHE的社会成就记录与其财务表现一样引人注目。该公司在2000年没有风能或太阳能发电。当时，它只是被视为庞大的电力行业中一个相对较新的次要参与者。随后，在David Sokol和Greg Abel的领导下，BHE已成为一家公用事业巨头（请不要呻吟）以及美国大部分地区风能、太阳能和输电领域的主导力量。</blockquote></p><p>Greg’s report on these accomplishments appears on pages A-3 and A-4. The profile you will find there is not in any way one of those currently-fashionable “green-washing” stories. BHE has been faithfully detailing its plans and performance in renewables and transmissions every year since 2007.</p><p><blockquote>格雷格关于这些成就的报告出现在A-3和A-4页。你会在那里找到的简介绝不是那些当前流行的“洗绿”故事。自2007年以来，BHE每年都忠实地详细介绍其在可再生能源和输电方面的计划和业绩。</blockquote></p><p>To further review this information, visit BHE’s website at brkenergy.com. There, you will see that the company has long been making climate-conscious moves that soak up all of its earnings. More opportunities lie ahead. BHE has the management, the experience, the capital and the appetite for the huge power projects that our country needs.</p><p><blockquote>要进一步查看这些信息，请访问BHE在brkenergy.com的网站。在那里，你会看到该公司长期以来一直在采取气候意识举措，吸收了其所有收益。更多的机会就在前方。BHE拥有我国所需的管理、经验、资金和巨大电力项目的胃口。</blockquote></p><p><h2>Investments</h2>Now let’s talk about companies we don’t control, a list that again references Apple. Below we list our fifteen largest equity holdings, several of which are selections of Berkshire’s two long-time investment managers, Todd Combs and Ted Weschler. At yearend, this valued pair had total authority in respect to $34 billion of investments, many of which do not meet the threshold value we use in the table. Also, a significant portion of the dollars that Todd and Ted manage are lodged in various pension plans of Berkshire-owned businesses, with the assets of these plans not included in this table.</p><p><blockquote><h2>投资</h2>现在让我们谈谈我们不控制的公司，这份名单再次提到了苹果。下面我们列出了我们持有的15只最大的股票，其中几只是伯克希尔的两位长期投资经理托德·库姆斯和特德·韦施勒的精选。截至年底，这对有价值的投资拥有340亿美元投资的总权限，其中许多投资不符合我们在表中使用的阈值。此外，托德和特德管理的很大一部分资金存入伯克希尔旗下企业的各种养老金计划，这些计划的资产不包括在本表中。</blockquote></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d43587e9f59c0ff76e6c04c6bf9af324\" tg-width=\"1047\" tg-height=\"530\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>* This is our actual purchase price and also our tax basis.</p><p><blockquote>*这是我们的实际购买价格，也是我们的计税基础。</blockquote></p><p>** Held by BHE; consequently, Berkshire shareholders have only a 91.1% interest in this position.</p><p><blockquote>**由BHE持有；因此，伯克希尔股东在该职位上仅拥有91.1%的权益。</blockquote></p><p>*** Includes a $10 billion investment in Occidental Petroleum, consisting of preferred stock and warrants to buy common stock, a combination now being valued at $10.7 billion.</p><p><blockquote>***包括对西方石油公司100亿美元的投资，包括优先股和购买普通股的认股权证，目前这一组合的价值为107亿美元。</blockquote></p><p>In addition to the footnoted Occidental holding and our various common-stock positions, Berkshire also owns a 26.6% interest in Kraft Heinz (accounted for on the “equity” method, not market value, and carried at $13.1 billion) and 38.6% of Pilot Corp., a leader in travel centers that had revenues last year of $45 billion.</p><p><blockquote>除了脚注中提到的Occidental holding和我们的各种普通股头寸之外，Berkshire还拥有卡夫亨氏26.6%的权益（按“权益”法核算，而不是市值，账面价值为131亿美元）和Pilot Corp.38.6%的权益，Pilot Corp.是旅游中心的领导者，去年的收入为450亿美元。</blockquote></p><p>Since we purchased our Pilot stake in 2017, this holding has warranted “equity” accounting treatment. Early in 2023, Berkshire will purchase an additional interest in Pilot that will raise our ownership to 80% and lead to our fully consolidating Pilot’s earnings, assets and liabilities in our financial statements.</p><p><blockquote>自从我们在2017年购买了我们的试点股份以来，这种持股已经保证了“权益”会计处理。2023年初，伯克希尔将购买Pilot的额外权益，这将使我们的所有权提高到80%，并使我们在财务报表中完全合并Pilot的收益、资产和负债。</blockquote></p><p><h2>U.S. Treasury Bills</h2>Berkshire’s balance sheet includes $144 billion of cash and cash equivalents (excluding the holdings of BNSF and BHE). Of this sum, $120 billion is held in U.S. Treasury bills, all maturing in less than a year. That stake leaves Berkshire financing about 12 of 1% of the publicly-held national debt.</p><p><blockquote><h2>美国国库券</h2>伯克希尔的资产负债表包括1440亿美元的现金和现金等价物（不包括持有的BNSF和BHE）。其中，1200亿美元是美国国库券，全部在不到一年的时间内到期。这些股份使伯克希尔哈撒韦公司为公共持有的国债的1%中的约12提供融资。</blockquote></p><p>Charlie and I have pledged that Berkshire (along with our subsidiaries other than BNSF and BHE) will always hold more than $30 billion of cash and equivalents. We want your company to be financially impregnable and never dependent on the kindness of strangers (or even that of friends). Both of us like to sleep soundly, and we want our creditors, insurance claimants and you to do so as well.</p><p><blockquote>查理和我承诺，伯克希尔（连同我们除BNSF和BHE之外的子公司）将始终持有超过300亿美元的现金和等价物。我们希望你的公司在财务上坚不可摧，永远不要依赖陌生人（甚至朋友）的善意。我们都喜欢睡得很香，我们希望我们的债权人、保险索赔人和你也这样做。</blockquote></p><p><h2>But $144 billion?</h2>That imposing sum, I assure you, is not some deranged expression of patriotism. Nor have Charlie and I lost our overwhelming preference for business ownership. Indeed, I first manifested my enthusiasm for that 80 years ago, on March 11, 1942, when I purchased three shares of Cities Services preferred stock. Their cost was $114.75 and required all of my savings. (The Dow Jones Industrial Average that day closed at 99, a fact that should scream to you: Never bet against America.)</p><p><blockquote><h2>但是1440亿美元？</h2>我向你保证，这笔巨额资金并不是某种疯狂的爱国主义表达。查理和我也没有失去对企业所有权的压倒性偏好。事实上，80年前的1942年3月11日，我第一次表现出了我对此的热情，当时我购买了三股城市服务公司的优先股。它们的成本是114.75美元，需要我所有的积蓄。（道琼斯工业平均指数当天收于99点，这个事实应该让你尖叫：永远不要做空美国。）</blockquote></p><p>After my initial plunge, I always kept at least 80% of my net worth in equities. My favored status throughout that period was 100% – and still is. Berkshire’s current 80%-or-so position in businesses is a consequence of my failure to find entire companies or small portions thereof (that is, marketable stocks) which meet our criteria for long- term holding.</p><p><blockquote>在我最初的暴跌之后，我总是将至少80%的净资产投资于股票。在那段时间里，我最喜欢的状态是100%——现在仍然如此。伯克希尔目前80%左右的企业头寸是我未能找到符合我们长期持有标准的整个公司或其中一小部分（即有价证券）的结果。</blockquote></p><p>Charlie and I have endured similar cash-heavy positions from time to time in the past. These periods are never pleasant; they are also never permanent. And, fortunately, we have had a mildly attractive alternative during 2020 and 2021 for deploying capital. Read on.</p><p><blockquote>查理和我过去也不时经历过类似的现金密集型头寸。这些时期从来都不愉快；它们也不是永久的。幸运的是，我们在2020年和2021年期间有一个稍微有吸引力的资本部署替代方案。继续读下去。</blockquote></p><p></p><p><h2>Share Repurchases</h2>There are three ways that we can increase the value of your investment. The first is always front and center in our minds: Increase the long-term earning power of Berkshire’s controlled businesses through internal growth or by making acquisitions. Today, internal opportunities deliver far better returns than acquisitions. The size of those opportunities, however, is small compared to Berkshire’s resources.</p><p><blockquote><h2>股份购回</h2>我们有三种方法可以增加您的投资价值。第一个始终是我们最关心的问题：通过内部增长或收购来提高伯克希尔控制业务的长期盈利能力。如今，内部机会比收购带来更好的回报。然而，与伯克希尔的资源相比，这些机会的规模很小。</blockquote></p><p>Our second choice is to buy non-controlling part-interests in the many good or great businesses that are publicly traded. From time to time, such possibilities are both numerous and blatantly attractive. Today, though, we find little that excites us.</p><p><blockquote>我们的第二个选择是购买许多公开交易的优秀或伟大企业的非控股部分权益。有时，这样的可能性既众多又极具吸引力。然而今天，我们很少发现让我们兴奋的东西。</blockquote></p><p>That’s largely because of a truism: Long-term interest rates that are low push the prices of all productive investments upward, whether these are stocks, apartments, farms, oil wells, whatever. Other factors influence valuations as well, but interest rates will always be important.</p><p><blockquote>这在很大程度上是因为一个不言而喻的事实：低长期利率会推高所有生产性投资的价格，无论是股票、公寓、农场、油井等等。其他因素也会影响估值，但利率始终很重要。</blockquote></p><p>Our final path to value creation is to repurchase Berkshire shares. Through that simple act, we increase your share of the many controlled and non-controlled businesses Berkshire owns. When the price/value equation is right, this path is the easiest and most certain way for us to increase your wealth. (Alongside the accretion of value to continuing shareholders, a couple of other parties gain: Repurchases are modestly beneficial to the seller of the repurchased shares and to society as well.)</p><p><blockquote>我们创造价值的最终途径是回购伯克希尔股票。通过这一简单的行为，我们增加了您在伯克希尔拥有的许多受控和非受控业务中的份额。当价格/价值等式正确时，这条路径是我们增加您财富的最简单、最确定的方式。（除了持续股东的价值增加之外，其他一些人也会受益：回购对回购股票的卖方和社会都有适度的好处。）</blockquote></p><p>Periodically, as alternative paths become unattractive, repurchases make good sense for Berkshire’s owners. During the past two years, we therefore repurchased 9% of the shares that were outstanding at yearend 2019 for a total cost of $51.7 billion. That expenditure left our continuing shareholders owning about 10% more of all Berkshire businesses, whether these are wholly-owned (such as BNSF and GEICO) or partly-owned (such as Coca-Cola and Moody’s).</p><p><blockquote>周期性地，随着替代路径变得没有吸引力，回购对伯克希尔的所有者来说是有意义的。因此，在过去两年中，我们回购了2019年底已发行股票的9%，总成本为517亿美元。这笔支出使我们的持续股东拥有伯克希尔所有业务约10%的股份，无论这些业务是全资拥有的（如BNSF和GEICO）还是部分拥有的（如可口可乐和穆迪）。</blockquote></p><p>I want to underscore that for Berkshire repurchases to make sense, our shares must offer appropriate value. We don’t want to overpay for the shares of other companies, and it would be value-destroying if we were to overpay when we are buying Berkshire. As of February 23, 2022, since yearend we repurchased additional shares at a cost of $1.2 billion. Our appetite remains large but will always remain price-dependent.</p><p><blockquote>我想强调的是，为了让伯克希尔的回购有意义，我们的股票必须提供适当的价值。我们不想为其他公司的股票支付过高的价格，如果我们在购买伯克希尔时支付过高的价格，那将是对价值的破坏。截至2022年2月23日，自年底以来，我们以12亿美元的成本回购了额外股票。我们的胃口仍然很大，但将始终取决于价格。</blockquote></p><p>It should be noted that Berkshire’s buyback opportunities are limited because of its high-class investor base. If our shares were heavily held by short-term speculators, both price volatility and transaction volumes would materially increase. That kind of reshaping would offer us far greater opportunities for creating value by making repurchases. Nevertheless, Charlie and I far prefer the owners we have, even though their admirable buy-and-keep attitudes limit the extent to which long-term shareholders can profit from opportunistic repurchases.</p><p><blockquote>需要注意的是，伯克希尔的回购机会有限，因为其投资者基础很高。倘我们的股份被短期投机者大量持有，价格波动及交易量将大幅增加。这种重塑将为我们提供更多通过回购创造价值的机会。然而，查理和我更喜欢我们现有的所有者，尽管他们令人钦佩的买入并持有态度限制了长期股东从机会主义回购中获利的程度。</blockquote></p><p>Finally, one easily-overlooked value calculation specific to Berkshire: As we’ve discussed, insurance “float” of the right sort is of great value to us. As it happens, repurchases automatically increase the amount of “float” per share. That figure has increased during the past two years by 25% – going from $79,387 per “A” share to $99,497, a meaningful gain that, as noted, owes some thanks to repurchases.</p><p><blockquote>最后，一个容易被忽视的伯克希尔特有的价值计算：正如我们已经讨论过的，正确类型的保险“浮动”对我们来说非常有价值。碰巧的是，回购会自动增加每股的“流通量”。这一数字在过去两年中增长了25%，从每股“A”股79,387美元增至99,497美元，如前所述，这一有意义的涨幅在一定程度上要归功于回购。</blockquote></p><p><h2>A Wonderful Man and a Wonderful Business</h2>Last year, Paul Andrews died. Paul was the founder and CEO of TTI, a Fort Worth-based subsidiary of Berkshire. Throughout his life – in both his business and his personal pursuits – Paul quietly displayed all the qualities that Charlie and I admire. His story should be told.</p><p><blockquote><h2>一个了不起的人和一个了不起的企业</h2>去年，保罗·安德鲁斯去世了。保罗是伯克希尔哈撒韦公司位于沃思堡的子公司TTI的创始人兼首席执行官。在他的一生中——在他的事业和个人追求中——保罗悄悄地展示了查理和我所钦佩的所有品质。他的故事应该被讲述。</blockquote></p><p>In 1971, Paul was working as a purchasing agent for General Dynamics when the roof fell in. After losing a huge defense contract, the company fired thousands of employees, including Paul.</p><p><blockquote>1971年，当屋顶倒塌时，保罗正在通用动力公司担任采购代理。在失去一份巨额国防合同后，该公司解雇了数千名员工，其中包括保罗。</blockquote></p><p>With his first child due soon, Paul decided to bet on himself, using $500 of his savings to found Tex-Tronics (later renamed TTI). The company set itself up to distribute small electronic components, and first-year sales totaled $112,000. Today, TTI markets more than one million different items with annual volume of $7.7 billion.</p><p><blockquote>随着他的第一个孩子即将出生，保罗决定把赌注押在自己身上，用他的500美元积蓄创办了Tex-Tronics（后来更名为TTI）。该公司致力于分销小型电子元件，第一年的销售额总计112,000美元。如今，创科实业销售超过100万种不同的产品，年销售额达77亿美元。</blockquote></p><p>But back to 2006: Paul, at 63, then found himself happy with his family, his job, and his associates. But he had one nagging worry, heightened because he had recently witnessed a friend’s early death and the disastrous results that followed for that man’s family and business. What, Paul asked himself in 2006, would happen to the many people depending on him if he should unexpectedly die?</p><p><blockquote>但回到2006年：63岁的保罗发现自己对家庭、工作和同事都很满意。但他有一个挥之不去的担忧，因为他最近目睹了一个朋友的早逝以及随之而来的对那个人的家庭和生意的灾难性后果，这种担忧加剧了。保罗在2006年问自己，如果他意外去世，许多依赖他的人会怎么样？</blockquote></p><p>For a year, Paul wrestled with his options. Sell to a competitor? From a strictly economic viewpoint, that course made the most sense. After all, competitors could envision lucrative “synergies” – savings that would be achieved as the acquiror slashed duplicated functions at TTI.</p><p><blockquote>一年来，保罗一直在纠结自己的选择。卖给竞争对手？从严格的经济角度来看，这个过程是最有意义的。毕竟，竞争对手可以设想利润丰厚的“协同效应”——随着收购方削减TTI的重复职能，将实现节省。</blockquote></p><p></p><p>But . . . Such a purchaser would most certainly also retain its CFO, its legal counsel, its HR unit. Their TTI counterparts would therefore be sent packing. And ugh! If a new distribution center were to be needed, the acquirer’s home city would certainly be favored over Fort Worth.</p><p><blockquote>但是...这样的购买者肯定还会保留其首席财务官、法律顾问和人力资源部门。因此，他们的TTI同行将被打包发送。还有啊！如果需要一个新的配送中心，收购方的家乡城市肯定会比沃思堡更受青睐。</blockquote></p><p>Whatever the financial benefits, Paul quickly concluded that selling to a competitor was not for him. He next considered seeking a financial buyer, a species once labeled – aptly so – a leveraged buyout firm. Paul knew, however, that such a purchaser would be focused on an “exit strategy.” And who could know what that would be? Brooding over it all, Paul found himself having no interest in handing his 35-year-old creation over to a reseller.</p><p><blockquote>不管经济利益如何，保罗很快得出结论，卖给竞争对手不适合他。接下来，他考虑寻找一家金融买家，这种买家曾经被恰当地称为杠杆收购公司。然而，保罗知道这样的买家会专注于“退出策略”。谁知道那会是什么？考虑到这一切，保罗发现自己没有兴趣将他35岁的创作交给经销商。</blockquote></p><p>When Paul met me, he explained why he had eliminated these two alternatives as buyers. He then summed up his dilemma by saying – in far more tactful phrasing than this – “After a year of pondering the alternatives, I want to sell to Berkshire because you are the only guy left.” So, I made an offer and Paul said “Yes.” One meeting; one lunch; one deal.</p><p><blockquote>当保罗见到我时，他解释了为什么他作为买家排除了这两种选择。然后，他用比这更委婉的措辞总结了自己的困境：“经过一年的思考，我想把它卖给伯克希尔，因为你是唯一剩下的人。”所以，我提出了一个提议，保罗答应了。一次会议；一顿午餐；一笔交易。</blockquote></p><p>To say we both lived happily ever after is an understatement. When Berkshire purchased TTI, the company employed 2,387. Now the number is 8,043. A large percentage of that growth took place in Fort Worth and environs. Earnings have increased 673%.</p><p><blockquote>说我们从此过上了幸福的生活是一种保守的说法。当伯克希尔收购TTI时，该公司拥有2,387名员工。现在这个数字是8043。其中很大一部分增长发生在沃思堡及周边地区。盈利增长了673%。</blockquote></p><p>Annually, I would call Paul and tell him his salary should be substantially increased. Annually, he would tell me, “We can talk about that next year, Warren; I’m too busy now.”</p><p><blockquote>每年，我都会给保罗发看涨期权，告诉他他的薪水应该大幅增加。每年，他都会告诉我，“我们可以明年再谈这个，沃伦，我现在太忙了。”</blockquote></p><p>When Greg Abel and I attended Paul’s memorial service, we met children, grandchildren, long-time associates (including TTI’s first employee) and John Roach, the former CEO of a Fort Worth company Berkshire had purchased in 2000. John had steered his friend Paul to Omaha, instinctively knowing we would be a match.</p><p><blockquote>当格雷格·阿贝尔和我参加保罗的追悼会时，我们见到了孩子、孙子、长期合作伙伴（包括创科实业的第一位员工）和约翰·罗奇，他是伯克希尔2000年收购的沃斯堡一家公司的前首席执行官。约翰带着他的朋友保罗去了奥马哈，本能地知道我们会是一对。</blockquote></p><p>At the service, Greg and I heard about the multitudes of people and organizations that Paul had silently supported. The breadth of his generosity was extraordinary – geared always to improving the lives of others, particularly those in Fort Worth.</p><p><blockquote>在仪式上，格雷格和我听说了保罗默默支持的许多人和组织。他的慷慨是非凡的——总是致力于改善他人的生活，尤其是那些在沃思堡的人。</blockquote></p><p>In all ways, Paul was a class act.</p><p><blockquote>从各方面来看，保罗都是一流的。</blockquote></p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p><blockquote>**</blockquote></p><p>Good luck – occasionally extraordinary luck – has played its part at Berkshire. If Paul and I had not enjoyed a mutual friend – John Roach – TTI would not have found its home with us. But that ample serving of luck was only the beginning. TTI was soon to lead Berkshire to its most important acquisition.</p><p><blockquote>好运——偶尔是非凡的运气——在伯克希尔发挥了作用。如果保罗和我没有一个共同的朋友——约翰·罗奇——TTI就不会在我们身边找到它的家。但是这种充足的运气仅仅是个开始。TTI很快就带领伯克希尔完成了其最重要的收购。</blockquote></p><p>Every fall, Berkshire directors gather for a presentation by a few of our executives. We sometimes choose the site based upon the location of a recent acquisition, by that means allowing directors to meet the new subsidiary’s CEO and learn more about the acquiree’s activities.</p><p><blockquote>每年秋天，伯克希尔的董事们都会聚集在一起，听取我们几位高管的演讲。我们有时会根据最近收购的地点来选择地点，这样可以让董事会见新子公司的首席执行官，并更多地了解被收购方的活动。</blockquote></p><p>In the fall of 2009, we consequently selected Fort Worth so that we could visit TTI. At that time, BNSF, which also had Fort Worth as its hometown, was the third-largest holding among our marketable equities. Despite that large stake, I had never visited the railroad’s headquarters.</p><p><blockquote>因此，在2009年秋天，我们选择了沃思堡，这样我们就可以参观TTI。当时，BNSF的家乡也是沃思堡，是我们有价证券中的第三大持股。尽管有这么大的股份，我从未去过铁路总部。</blockquote></p><p>Deb Bosanek, my assistant, scheduled our board’s opening dinner for October 22. Meanwhile, I arranged to arrive earlier that day to meet with Matt Rose, CEO of BNSF, whose accomplishments I had long admired. When I made the date, I had no idea that our get-together would coincide with BNSF’s third-quarter earnings report, which was released late on the 22nd.</p><p><blockquote>我的助手Deb Bosanek将我们董事会的开幕晚宴安排在10月22日。与此同时，我安排当天早些时候到达，会见BNSF首席执行官马特·罗斯，他的成就我长期以来一直钦佩。当我确定这个日期时，我不知道我们的聚会会恰逢BNSF于22日晚些时候发布的第三季度收益报告。</blockquote></p><p>The market reacted badly to the railroad’s results. The Great Recession was in full force in the third quarter, and BNSF’s earnings reflected that slump. The economic outlook was also bleak, and Wall Street wasn’t feeling friendly to railroads – or much else.</p><p><blockquote>市场对铁路公司的业绩反应不佳。大衰退在第三季度全面爆发，BNSF的盈利反映了这种下滑。经济前景也很黯淡，华尔街对铁路或其他许多行业都不太友好。</blockquote></p><p>On the following day, I again got together with Matt and suggested that Berkshire would offer the railroad a better long-term home than it could expect as a public company. I also told him the maximum price that Berkshire would pay.</p><p><blockquote>第二天，我再次和马特聚在一起，建议伯克希尔为铁路公司提供一个比上市公司更好的长期住所。我还告诉了他伯克希尔愿意支付的最高价格。</blockquote></p><p>Matt relayed the offer to his directors and advisors. Eleven busy days later, Berkshire and BNSF announced a firm deal. And here I’ll venture a rare prediction: BNSF will be a key asset for Berkshire and our country a century from now.</p><p><blockquote>马特向他的董事和顾问转达了这一提议。忙碌了11天后，伯克希尔和BNSF宣布了一项确定的交易。在这里，我大胆地做一个罕见的预测：一个世纪后，BNSF将成为伯克希尔和我们国家的关键资产。</blockquote></p><p>The BNSF acquisition would never have happened if Paul Andrews hadn’t sized up Berkshire as the right home for TTI.</p><p><blockquote>如果保罗·安德鲁斯(Paul Andrews)没有将伯克希尔视为TTI的合适住所，BNSF的收购永远不会发生。</blockquote></p><p><h2>Thanks</h2>I taught my first investing class 70 years ago. Since then, I have enjoyed working almost every year with students of all ages, finally “retiring” from that pursuit in 2018.</p><p><blockquote><h2>谢谢</h2>70年前，我教了我的第一堂投资课。从那以后，我几乎每年都喜欢和各个年龄段的学生一起工作，最终在2018年从这种追求中“退休”。</blockquote></p><p>Along the way, my toughest audience was my grandson’s fifth-grade class. The 11-year-olds were squirming in their seats and giving me blank stares until I mentioned Coca-Cola and its famous secret formula. Instantly, every hand went up, and I learned that “secrets” are catnip to kids.</p><p><blockquote>一路上，我最难对付的观众是我孙子五年级的班级。11岁的孩子们在座位上蠕动，茫然地看着我，直到我提到可口可乐和它著名的秘密配方。立刻，每个人都举起了手，我明白了“秘密”对孩子们来说是猫薄荷。</blockquote></p><p></p><p>Teaching, like writing, has helped me develop and clarify my own thoughts. Charlie calls this phenomenon the orangutan effect: If you sit down with an orangutan and carefully explain to it one of your cherished ideas, you may leave behind a puzzled primate, but will yourself exit thinking more clearly.</p><p><blockquote>教学和写作一样，帮助我发展和理清了自己的思想。查理·评级这种现象猩猩效应：如果你和一只猩猩坐下来，仔细地向它解释你珍视的一个想法，你可能会留下一只困惑的灵长类动物，但你自己会更清楚地思考吗？</blockquote></p><p>Talking to university students is far superior. I have urged that they seek employment in (1) the field and (2) with the kind of people they would select, if they had no need for money. Economic realities, I acknowledge, may interfere with that kind of search. Even so, I urge the students never to give up the quest, for when they find that sort of job, they will no longer be “working.”</p><p><blockquote>和大学生说话要优越得多。我敦促他们在（1）这个领域和（2）如果他们不需要钱，他们会选择的那种人那里找工作。我承认，经济现实可能会干扰这种搜索。即便如此，我敦促学生们永远不要放弃追求，因为当他们找到那种工作时，他们将不再是“工作”。</blockquote></p><p>Charlie and I, ourselves, followed that liberating course after a few early stumbles. We both started as part- timers at my grandfather’s grocery store, Charlie in 1940 and I in 1942. We were each assigned boring tasks and paid little, definitely not what we had in mind. Charlie later took up law, and I tried selling securities. Job satisfaction continued to elude us.</p><p><blockquote>查理和我，我们自己，在经历了一些早期的挫折后，走上了解放的道路。我们都是从我祖父的杂货店兼职开始的，查理是1940年，我是1942年。我们每个人都被分配了无聊的任务，报酬很低，绝对不是我们想要的。查理后来从事法律工作，我尝试出售证券。工作满意度继续困扰着我们。</blockquote></p><p>Finally, at Berkshire, we found what we love to do. With very few exceptions, we have now “worked” for many decades with people whom we like and trust. It’s a joy in life to join with managers such as Paul Andrews or the Berkshire families I told you about last year. In our home office, we employ decent and talented people – no jerks. Turnover averages, perhaps, one person per year.</p><p><blockquote>最后，在伯克希尔，我们找到了自己喜欢做的事情。除了极少数例外，我们现在已经和我们喜欢和信任的人“工作”了几十年。与保罗·安德鲁斯或我去年告诉过你的伯克希尔家族等经理人一起工作是生活中的一种乐趣。在我们的家庭办公室，我们雇佣体面和有才华的人——没有混蛋。平均离职人数可能是每年一人。</blockquote></p><p>I would like, however, to emphasize a further item that turns our jobs into fun and satisfaction working</p><p><blockquote>然而，我想强调另一个项目，它将我们的工作变成有趣和令人满意的工作</blockquote></p><p>for you. There is nothing more rewarding to Charlie and me than enjoying the trust of individual long-term shareholders who, for many decades, have joined us with the expectation that we would be a reliable custodian of their funds.</p><p><blockquote>为了你。对查理和我来说，没有什么比享受个人长期股东的信任更有意义的了，几十年来，他们加入我们的期望是我们将成为他们资金的可靠托管人。</blockquote></p><p>Obviously, we can’t select our owners, as we could do if our form of operation were a partnership. Anyone can buy shares of Berkshire today with the intention of soon reselling them. For sure, we get a few of that type of shareholder, just as we get index funds that own huge amounts of Berkshire simply because they are required to do so.</p><p><blockquote>显然，我们不能选择我们的所有者，如果我们的运营形式是合伙企业，我们可以这样做。任何人今天都可以购买伯克希尔的股票，并打算很快转售。当然，我们有一些此类股东，就像我们有指数基金持有大量伯克希尔哈撒韦公司股票一样，因为它们被要求这样做。</blockquote></p><p>To a truly unusual degree, however, Berkshire has as owners a very large corps of individuals and families that have elected to join us with an intent approaching “til death do us part.” Often, they have trusted us with a large – some might say excessive – portion of their savings.</p><p><blockquote>然而，在一个真正不寻常的程度上，伯克希尔拥有一大批个人和家庭作为所有者，他们选择加入我们，意图是“直到死亡将我们分开”。通常，他们把很大一部分——有些人可能会说是过多的——储蓄托付给我们。</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire, these shareholders would sometimes acknowledge, might be far from the best selection they could have made. But they would add that Berkshire would rank high among those with which they would be most comfortable. And people who are comfortable with their investments will, on average, achieve better results than those who are motivated by ever-changing headlines, chatter and promises.</p><p><blockquote>这些股东有时会承认，伯克希尔可能远不是他们所能做出的最佳选择。但他们会补充说，伯克希尔将在他们最满意的公司中排名靠前。平均而言，对自己的投资感到满意的人会比那些被不断变化的头条新闻、喋喋不休和承诺所激励的人取得更好的结果。</blockquote></p><p>Long-term individual owners are both the “partners” Charlie and I have always sought and the ones we constantly have in mind as we make decisions at Berkshire. To them we say, “It feels good to ‘work’ for you, and you have our thanks for your trust.”</p><p><blockquote>长期个人所有者既是查理和我一直在寻找的“合作伙伴”，也是我们在伯克希尔做决策时一直牢记的“合作伙伴”。我们对他们说：“为你们‘工作’的感觉真好，我们感谢你们的信任。”</blockquote></p><p><h2>The Annual Meeting</h2>Clear your calendar! Berkshire will have its annual gathering of capitalists in Omaha on Friday, April 29th through Sunday, May 1st. The details regarding the weekend are laid out on pages A-1 and A-2. Omaha eagerly awaits you, as do I.</p><p><blockquote><h2>年会</h2>清除您的日历！伯克希尔将于4月29日星期五至5月1日星期日在奥马哈举行年度资本家聚会。关于周末的细节列在A-1和A-2页。奥马哈急切地等待着你，我也是。</blockquote></p><p>I will end this letter with a sales pitch. “Cousin” Jimmy Buffett has designed a pontoon “party” boat that is now being manufactured by Forest River, a Berkshire subsidiary. The boat will be introduced on April 29 at our Berkshire Bazaar of Bargains. And, for two days only, shareholders will be able to purchase Jimmy’s masterpiece at a 10% discount. Your bargain-hunting chairman will be buying a boat for his family’s use. Join me.</p><p><blockquote>我将以推销来结束这封信。“表哥”吉米·巴菲特设计了一艘浮桥“派对”船，现在由伯克希尔旗下的森林河公司制造。这艘船将于4月29日在我们的伯克希尔便宜货市场推出。而且，仅在两天内，股东就可以以10%的折扣购买吉米的杰作。你的便宜货董事长会买一艘船给他的家人使用。加入我。</blockquote></p><p>February 26, 2022</p><p><blockquote>2022年2月26日</blockquote></p><p>Warren E. Buffett Chairman of the Board</p><p><blockquote>沃伦·E·巴菲特董事会主席</blockquote></p><p></body></html></p><p><blockquote></blockquote></p><p></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Buffett Full Annual Letter：Apple is One of ‘Four Giants’ Driving the Conglomerate’s Value<blockquote>巴菲特完整年度信：苹果是推动巴菲特价值的“四大巨头”之一</blockquote></title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nBuffett Full Annual Letter：Apple is One of ‘Four Giants’ Driving the Conglomerate’s Value<blockquote>巴菲特完整年度信：苹果是推动巴菲特价值的“四大巨头”之一</blockquote>\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/1079075236\">\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">Tiger Newspress </p>\n<p class=\"h-time smaller\">2022-02-27 09:48</p>\n</div>\n</a>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p><html><head></head><body>Warren Buffett released his annual letter to Berkshire Hathaway shareholders on Saturday. The 91-year-old investing legend has been publishing the letter for over six decades and it has become required reading for investors around the world.</p><p><blockquote><html><head></head><body>沃伦·巴菲特周六发布了致伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司股东的年度信。这位91岁的投资传奇人物已经出版这封信60多年了，它已成为世界各地投资者的必读书目。</body></html></blockquote></p><p>Warren Buffett said he now considers tech giant Apple as one of the four pillars driving Berkshire Hathaway, the conglomerate of mostly old-economy businesses he’s assembled over the last five decades.</p><p><blockquote>沃伦·巴菲特表示，他现在认为科技巨头苹果是推动伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司的四大支柱之一，伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司是沃伦·巴菲特在过去50年里组建的主要由旧经济企业组成的企业集团。</blockquote></p><p>In his annual letter to shareholders released on Saturday, the 91-year-old investing legend listed Apple under the heading “Our Four Giants” and even called the company the second-most important after Berkshire’s cluster of insurers, thanks to its chief executive.</p><p><blockquote>在周六发布的致股东的年度信中，这位91岁的投资传奇人物将苹果列为“我们的四大巨头”，甚至称该公司是仅次于伯克希尔保险集团的第二大保险公司，这要归功于伯克希尔的首席执行官。</blockquote></p><p>“Tim Cook, Apple’s brilliant CEO, quite properly regards users of Apple products as his first love, but all of his other constituencies benefit from Tim’s managerial touch as well,” the letter stated.</p><p><blockquote>信中写道：“苹果才华横溢的首席执行官蒂姆·库克非常恰当地将苹果产品的用户视为他的初恋，但他的所有其他支持者也受益于蒂姆的管理风格。”</blockquote></p><p>Buffett made clear he is a fan of Cook’s stock repurchase strategy, and how it gives the conglomerate increased ownership of each dollar of the iPhone maker’s earnings without the investor having to lift a finger.</p><p><blockquote>巴菲特明确表示，他是库克股票回购策略的粉丝，以及该策略如何让该集团增加对这家iPhone制造商每一美元收益的所有权，而投资者无需动一根手指。</blockquote></p><p>“Apple – our runner-up Giant as measured by its yearend market value – is a different sort of holding. Here, our ownership is a mere 5.55%, up from 5.39% a year earlier,” Buffett said in the letter. “That increase sounds like small potatoes. But consider that each 0.1% of Apple’s 2021 earnings amounted to $100 million. We spent no Berkshire funds to gain our accretion. Apple’s repurchases did the job.”</p><p><blockquote>巴菲特在信中表示：“以年终市值衡量，苹果是我们的第二大巨头。在这里，我们的持股比例仅为5.55%，高于一年前的5.39%。”“这一增长听起来像是小巫见大巫。但考虑到苹果2021年盈利的0.1%相当于1亿美元。我们没有花费伯克希尔的资金来获得增长。苹果的回购完成了这项工作。”</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire began buying Apple stock in 2016 under the influence of Buffett’s investing deputies Todd Combs and Ted Weschler. By mid-2018, the conglomerate accumulated 5% ownership of the iPhone maker, a stake that cost $36 billion. Today, the Apple investment is now worth more than $160 billion, taking up 40% of Berkshire’s equity portfolio.</p><p><blockquote>在巴菲特投资副手Todd Combs和Ted Weschler的影响下，Berkshire于2016年开始买入苹果股票。到2018年中期，该集团积累了这家iPhone制造商5%的股份，价值360亿美元。如今，苹果的投资价值超过1600亿美元，占伯克希尔股票投资组合的40%。</blockquote></p><p>“It’s important to understand that only dividends from Apple are counted in the GAAP earnings Berkshire reports – and last year, Apple paid us $785 million of those. Yet our ‘share’ of Apple’s earnings amounted to a staggering $5.6 billion. Much of what the company retained was used to repurchase Apple shares, an act we applaud,” Buffett said.</p><p><blockquote>“重要的是要明白，伯克希尔的GAAP收益报告中只有苹果的股息被计算在内——去年，苹果支付了其中的7.85亿美元。然而，我们在苹果收益中的‘份额’达到了惊人的56亿美元。公司保留的大部分资金用于回购苹果股票，我们对此表示赞赏。”</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire is Apple’s largest shareholder, outside of index and exchange-traded fund providers.</p><p><blockquote>除了指数和交易所交易基金提供商之外，Berkshire是苹果最大的股东。</blockquote></p><p>Buffett also credited his railroad business BNSF and energy segment BHE as two other giants of the conglomerate, which both registered record earnings in 2021.</p><p><blockquote>巴菲特还将他的铁路业务BNSF和能源部门BHE视为该集团的另外两家巨头，这两家公司在2021年的盈利均创历史新高。</blockquote></p><p>“BNSF, our third Giant, continues to be the number one artery of American commerce, which makes it an indispensable asset for America as well as for Berkshire,” Buffett said. “BHE has become a utility powerhouse and a leading force in wind, solar and transmission throughout much of the United States.”</p><p><blockquote>巴菲特表示：“我们的第三大巨头BNSF仍然是美国商业的第一大动脉，这使其成为美国和伯克希尔不可或缺的资产。”“BHE已成为美国大部分地区的公用事业巨头以及风能、太阳能和输电领域的主导力量。”</blockquote></p><p><b>Read the full letter here：</b></p><p><blockquote><b>在这里阅读完整的信：</b></blockquote></p><p>To the Shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.:</p><p><blockquote>致伯克希尔哈撒韦公司股东：</blockquote></p><p>Charlie Munger, my long-time partner, and I have the job of managing a portion of your savings. We are honored by your trust.</p><p><blockquote>我的长期合伙人查理·芒格和我的工作是管理你的一部分储蓄。我们很荣幸得到你的信任。</blockquote></p><p>Our position carries with it the responsibility to report to you what we would like to know if we were the absentee owner and you were the manager. We enjoy communicating directly with you through this annual letter, and through the annual meeting as well.</p><p><blockquote>如果我们是缺席的所有者，而您是经理，我们的职位有责任向您报告我们想知道的信息。我们喜欢通过这封年度信函和年会直接与您交流。</blockquote></p><p>Our policy is to treat all shareholders equally. Therefore, we do not hold discussions with analysts nor large institutions. Whenever possible, also, we release important communications on Saturday mornings in order to maximize the time for shareholders and the media to absorb the news before markets open on Monday.</p><p><blockquote>我们的政策是平等对待所有股东。因此，我们不与分析师或大型机构进行讨论。此外，只要有可能，我们会在周六上午发布重要信息，以便最大限度地让股东和媒体在周一开市前有时间了解新闻。</blockquote></p><p>A wealth of Berkshire facts and figures are set forth in the annual 10-K that the company regularly files with the S.E.C. and that we reproduce on pages K-1 – K-119. Some shareholders will find this detail engrossing; others will simply prefer to learn what Charlie and I believe is new or interesting at Berkshire.</p><p><blockquote>伯克希尔定期向美国证券交易委员会提交的年度10-K报告中列出了大量事实和数据。我们在K-1-K-119页复制了这一点。一些股东会发现这个细节引人入胜；其他人则更愿意了解查理和我认为伯克希尔的新事物或有趣之处。</blockquote></p><p>Alas, there was little action of that sort in 2021. We did, though, make reasonable progress in increasing the intrinsic value of your shares. That task has been my primary duty for 57 years. And it will continue to be.</p><p><blockquote>唉，2021年几乎没有这样的行动。不过，我们在增加您股票的内在价值方面确实取得了合理的进展。57年来，这项任务一直是我的主要职责。并将继续如此。</blockquote></p><p><b>What You Own</b></p><p><blockquote><b>你拥有什么</b></blockquote></p><p>Berkshire owns a wide variety of businesses, some in their entirety, some only in part. The second group largely consists of marketable common stocks of major American companies. Additionally, we own a few non-U.S. equities and participate in several joint ventures or other collaborative activities.</p><p><blockquote>伯克希尔拥有各种各样的业务，有些是全部，有些只是部分。第二组主要由美国大公司的有价证券普通股组成。此外，我们拥有一些非美国股票，并参与多家合资企业或其他合作活动。</blockquote></p><p>Whatever our form of ownership, our goal is to have meaningful investments in businesses with both durable economic advantages and a first-class CEO. Please note particularly that we own stocks based upon our expectations about their long-term business performance and not because we view them as vehicles for timely market moves. That point is crucial: Charlie and I are not stock-pickers; we are business-pickers.</p><p><blockquote>无论我们的所有权形式如何，我们的目标都是对既有持久经济优势又有一流首席执行官的企业进行有意义的投资。请特别注意，我们持有股票是基于我们对其长期业务表现的预期，而不是因为我们将它们视为及时市场波动的工具。这一点至关重要：查理和我不是选股者；我们是挑选生意的人。</blockquote></p><p></p><p>I make many mistakes. Consequently, our extensive collection of businesses includes some enterprises that have truly extraordinary economics, many others that enjoy good economic characteristics, and a few that are marginal. One advantage of our common-stock segment is that – on occasion – it becomes easy to buy pieces of wonderful businesses at wonderful prices. That shooting-fish-in-a-barrel experience is very rare in negotiated transactions and never occurs en masse. It is also far easier to exit from a mistake when it has been made in the marketable arena.</p><p><blockquote>我犯了很多错误。因此，我们广泛收集的企业包括一些具有真正非凡经济效益的企业，许多其他享有良好经济特征的企业，以及少数边缘企业。我们普通股部门的一个优势是——有时——以优惠的价格购买精彩的业务变得很容易。这种在谈判交易中射鱼的经历非常罕见，而且永远不会集体发生。当错误发生在市场舞台上时，从错误中退出也要容易得多。</blockquote></p><p><h2><b>Surprise, Surprise</b></h2>Here are a few items about your company that often surprise even seasoned investors:</p><p><blockquote><h2><b>惊喜，惊喜</b></h2>以下是有关贵公司的一些事项，即使是经验丰富的投资者也常常感到惊讶：</blockquote></p><p>• Many people perceive Berkshire as a large and somewhat strange collection of financial assets. In truth, Berkshire owns and operates more U.S.-based “infrastructure” assets – classified on our balance sheet as property, plant and equipment – than are owned and operated by any other American corporation. That supremacy has never been our goal. It has, however, become a fact.</p><p><blockquote>•许多人认为伯克希尔是一个庞大而有些奇怪的金融资产集合体。事实上，伯克希尔拥有和经营的美国“基础设施”资产（在我们的资产负债表上归类为财产、厂房和设备）比任何其他美国公司拥有和经营的都多。这种霸权从来都不是我们的目标。然而，这已经成为事实。</blockquote></p><p>At yearend, those domestic infrastructure assets were carried on Berkshire’s balance sheet at $158 billion. That number increased last year and will continue to increase. Berkshire always will be building.</p><p><blockquote>截至年底，这些国内基础设施资产在伯克希尔资产负债表上的价值为1580亿美元。这一数字去年有所增加，并将继续增加。伯克希尔将永远在建设。</blockquote></p><p>• Every year, your company makes substantial federal income tax payments. In 2021, for example, we paid</p><p><blockquote>•您的公司每年都要缴纳大量的联邦所得税。例如，在2021年，我们支付了</blockquote></p><p>$3.3 billion while the U.S. Treasury reported total corporate income-tax receipts of $402 billion. Additionally, Berkshire pays substantial state and foreign taxes. “I gave at the office” is an unassailable assertion when made by Berkshire shareholders.</p><p><blockquote>33亿美元，而美国财政部报告的企业所得税总收入为4020亿美元。此外，伯克希尔还要缴纳大量的州税和外国税。“我在办公室给了”是伯克希尔股东不容置疑的断言。</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire’s history vividly illustrates the invisible and often unrecognized financial partnership between  government and American businesses. Our tale begins early in 1955, when Berkshire Fine Spinning and Hathaway Manufacturing agreed to merge their businesses. In their requests for shareholder approval, these venerable New England textile companies expressed high hopes for the combination.</p><p><blockquote>伯克希尔的历史生动地说明了政府和美国企业之间看不见的、往往不被认可的金融伙伴关系。我们的故事始于1955年初，当时伯克希尔精细纺纱公司和哈撒韦制造公司同意合并他们的业务。在请求股东批准的请求中，这些历史悠久的新英格兰纺织公司对合并寄予厚望。</blockquote></p><p>The Hathaway solicitation, for example, assured its shareholders that “The combination of the resources and managements will result in one of the strongest and most efficient organizations in the textile industry.” That upbeat view was endorsed by the company’s advisor, Lehman Brothers (yes, that Lehman Brothers).</p><p><blockquote>例如，哈撒韦公司的招标向其股东保证，“资源和管理的结合将产生纺织行业最强大、最高效的组织之一。”这种乐观的观点得到了该公司顾问雷曼兄弟（是的，就是雷曼兄弟）的认可。</blockquote></p><p>I’m sure it was a joyous day in both Fall River (Berkshire) and New Bedford (Hathaway) when the union was consummated. After the bands stopped playing and the bankers went home, however, the shareholders reaped a disaster.</p><p><blockquote>我敢肯定，当联盟完成时，福尔里弗（伯克郡）和新贝德福德（哈撒韦）都是欢乐的一天。然而，在乐队停止演奏、银行家们回家后，股东们却收获了一场灾难。</blockquote></p><p>In the nine years following the merger, Berkshire’s owners watched the company’s net worth crater from</p><p><blockquote>在合并后的九年里，伯克希尔的所有者眼睁睁地看着公司的净资产从</blockquote></p><p>$51.4 million to $22.1 million. In part, this decline was caused by stock repurchases, ill-advised dividends and plant shutdowns. But nine years of effort by many thousands of employees delivered an operating loss as well. Berkshire’s struggles were not unusual: The New England textile industry had silently entered an extended and non-reversible death march.</p><p><blockquote>5140万美元至2210万美元。这种下降在一定程度上是由股票回购、不明智的股息和工厂关闭造成的。但数千名员工九年的努力也带来了运营亏损。伯克希尔的挣扎并不罕见：新英格兰纺织业已经悄然进入了漫长且不可逆转的死亡行军。</blockquote></p><p>During the nine post-merger years, the U.S. Treasury suffered as well from Berkshire’s troubles. All told, the company paid the government only $337,359 in income tax during that period – a pathetic $100 per day.</p><p><blockquote>在合并后的九年里，美国财政部也遭受了伯克希尔的麻烦。在此期间，该公司总共只向政府缴纳了337,359美元的所得税——每天只有可怜的100美元。</blockquote></p><p>Early in 1965, things changed. Berkshire installed new management that redeployed available cash and steered essentially all earnings into a variety of good businesses, most of which remained good through the years. Coupling reinvestment of earnings with the power of compounding worked its magic, and shareholders prospered.</p><p><blockquote>1965年初，情况发生了变化。伯克希尔任命了新的管理层，重新部署了可用现金，并将基本上所有收益转移到各种良好的业务中，其中大多数业务多年来一直保持良好状态。将收益再投资与复利的力量结合起来发挥了它的魔力，股东们也因此繁荣起来。</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire’s owners, it should be noted, were not the only beneficiary of that course correction. Their “silent partner,” the U.S. Treasury, proceeded to collect many tens of billions of dollars from the company in income tax payments. Remember the $100 daily? Now, Berkshire pays roughly $9 million daily to the Treasury.</p><p><blockquote>应该指出的是，伯克希尔的所有者并不是这一路线调整的唯一受益者。他们的“沉默伙伴”，美国财政部，继续从该公司收取数百亿美元的所得税。还记得每天100美元吗？现在，伯克希尔每天向财政部支付大约900万美元。</blockquote></p><p>In fairness to our governmental partner, our shareholders should acknowledge – indeed trumpet – the fact that Berkshire’s prosperity has been fostered mightily because the company has operated in America. Our country would have done splendidly in the years since 1965 without Berkshire. Absent our American home, however, Berkshire would never have come close to becoming what it is today. When you see the flag, say thanks.</p><p><blockquote>为我们的政府合作伙伴说句公道话，我们的股东应该承认——事实上是鼓吹——这样一个事实：伯克希尔的繁荣得到了极大的促进，因为该公司在美国运营。如果没有伯克希尔，我们的国家在1965年以来的几年里会做得非常出色。然而，如果没有我们的美国家园，伯克希尔永远不会成为今天的样子。当你看到旗子时，说声谢谢。</blockquote></p><p>• From an $8.6 million purchase of National Indemnity in 1967, Berkshire has become the world leader in insurance “float” – money we hold and can invest but that does not belong to us. Including a relatively small sum derived from life insurance, Berkshire’s total float has grown from $19 million when we entered the insurance business to $147 billion.</p><p><blockquote>1967年，伯克希尔斥资860万美元收购了美国国家赔偿公司（National Indemnity），如今已成为保险“浮动”（float）领域的全球领导者——我们持有并可以投资但不属于我们的资金。包括来自人寿保险的相对较小的金额在内，伯克希尔的总流通量已从我们进入保险业务时的1900万美元增长到1470亿美元。</blockquote></p><p>So far, this float has cost us less than nothing. Though we have experienced a number of years when insurance losses combined with operating expenses exceeded premiums, overall we have earned a modest 55-year profit from the underwriting activities that generated our float.</p><p><blockquote>到目前为止，这辆彩车让我们付出了不到一分钱的代价。尽管我们经历了多年保险损失加上运营费用超过保费的情况，但总体而言，我们从产生流通量的承保活动中获得了55年的适度利润。</blockquote></p><p></p><p>Of equal importance, float is very sticky. Funds attributable to our insurance operations come and go daily, but their aggregate total is immune from precipitous decline. When it comes to investing float, we can therefore think long-term.</p><p><blockquote>同样重要的是，浮子非常粘。归属于我们保险业务的资金每天来来去去，但其总额不会急剧下降。因此，在投资流通量时，我们可以从长计议。</blockquote></p><p>If you are not already familiar with the concept of float, I refer you to a long explanation on page A-5. To my surprise, our float increased $9 billion last year, a buildup of value that is important to Berkshire owners though is not reflected in our GAAP (“generally-accepted accounting principles”) presentation of earnings and net worth.</p><p><blockquote>如果你还不熟悉浮点的概念，我建议你参考A-5页的长篇解释。令我惊讶的是，我们的流通量去年增加了90亿美元，这一价值的积累对伯克希尔所有者来说很重要，但并未反映在我们的GAAP（“公认会计原则”）收益和净值列报中。</blockquote></p><p>Much of our huge value creation in insurance is attributable to Berkshire’s good luck in my 1986 hiring of Ajit Jain. We first met on a Saturday morning, and I quickly asked Ajit what his insurance experience had been. He replied, “None.”</p><p><blockquote>我们在保险业创造的巨大价值很大程度上要归功于伯克希尔的好运，我在1986年聘请了阿吉特·贾恩。我们第一次见面是在一个周六的早上，我很快问阿吉特他的保险经历是什么。他回答说：“没有。”</blockquote></p><p>I said, “Nobody’s perfect,” and hired him. That was my lucky day: Ajit actually was as perfect a choice as could have been made. Better yet, he continues to be – 35 years later.</p><p><blockquote>我说，“人无完人”，就雇了他。那是我的幸运日：阿吉特实际上是一个完美的选择。更好的是，35年后，他仍然是。</blockquote></p><p>One final thought about insurance: I believe that it is likely – but far from assured – that Berkshire’s float can be maintained without our incurring a long-term underwriting loss. I am certain, however, that there will be some years when we experience such losses, perhaps involving very large sums.</p><p><blockquote>关于保险的最后一个想法：我相信伯克希尔哈撒韦公司的流通股很可能——但远不能确定——能够在不遭受长期承保损失的情况下维持下去。然而，我确信，我们将在未来几年经历这种损失，可能涉及非常大的金额。</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire is constructed to handle catastrophic events as no other insurer – and that priority will remain long after Charlie and I are gone.</p><p><blockquote>伯克希尔在处理灾难性事件方面的能力与其他保险公司不同——在查理和我离开后很长一段时间内，这一优先事项仍将继续存在。</blockquote></p><p><h2>Our Four Giants</h2>Through Berkshire, our shareholders own many dozens of businesses. Some of these, in turn, have a collection of subsidiaries of their own. For example, Marmon has more than 100 individual business operations, ranging from the leasing of railroad cars to the manufacture of medical devices.</p><p><blockquote><h2>我们的四大巨头</h2>通过伯克希尔，我们的股东拥有数十家企业。反过来，其中一些又有自己的子公司。例如，Marmon拥有100多项个体业务，从铁路车辆租赁到医疗设备制造。</blockquote></p><p>• Nevertheless, operations of our “Big Four” companies account for a very large chunk of Berkshire’s value. Leading this list is our cluster of insurers. Berkshire effectively owns 100% of this group, whose massive float value we earlier described. The invested assets of these insurers are further enlarged by the extraordinary amount of capital we invest to back up their promises.</p><p><blockquote>·尽管如此，我们的“四大”公司的运营在伯克希尔的价值中占了非常大的一块。领先的是我们的保险公司集群。伯克希尔实际上拥有该集团100%的股份，其巨大的流通价值我们之前描述过。我们为支持这些保险公司的承诺而投入的大量资本进一步扩大了这些保险公司的投资资产。</blockquote></p><p>The insurance business is made to order for Berkshire. The product will never be obsolete, and sales volume will generally increase along with both economic growth and inflation. Also, integrity and capital will forever be important. Our company can and will behave well.</p><p><blockquote>保险业务是为伯克希尔定制的。该产品永远不会过时，销量通常会随着经济增长和通货膨胀而增加。此外，诚信和资本永远很重要。我们公司能够也将会表现良好。</blockquote></p><p>There are, of course, other insurers with excellent business models and prospects. Replication of Berkshire’s operation, however, would be almost impossible.</p><p><blockquote>当然，还有其他保险公司拥有出色的商业模式和前景。然而，复制伯克希尔的运作几乎是不可能的。</blockquote></p><p>• Apple – our runner-up Giant as measured by its yearend market value – is a different sort of holding. Here, our ownership is a mere 5.55%, up from 5.39% a year earlier. That increase sounds like small potatoes. But consider that each 0.1% of Apple’s 2021 earnings amounted to $100 million. We spent no Berkshire funds to gain our accretion. Apple’s repurchases did the job.</p><p><blockquote>·苹果——以年终市值衡量，它是我们的第二大巨头——是一种不同的持股类型。在这里，我们的持股比例仅为5.55%，高于一年前的5.39%。这种增长听起来像是小事。但考虑到苹果2021年盈利的0.1%总计1亿美元。我们没有花费伯克希尔的资金来获得我们的增长。苹果的回购起到了作用。</blockquote></p><p>It’s important to understand that only dividends from Apple are counted in the GAAP earnings Berkshire reports – and last year, Apple paid us $785 million of those. Yet our “share” of Apple’s earnings amounted to a staggering $5.6 billion. Much of what the company retained was used to repurchase Apple shares, an act we applaud. Tim Cook, Apple’s brilliant CEO, quite properly regards users of Apple products as his first love, but all of his other constituencies benefit from Tim’s managerial touch as well.</p><p><blockquote>重要的是要明白，伯克希尔的GAAP收益报告中只有苹果的股息被计算在内——去年，苹果支付了其中的7.85亿美元。然而，我们在苹果收益中的“份额”达到了惊人的56亿美元。该公司保留的大部分资金用于回购苹果股票，我们对此表示赞赏。苹果杰出的首席执行官蒂姆·库克（Tim Cook）非常恰当地将苹果产品的用户视为他的初恋，但他的所有其他支持者也受益于蒂姆的管理风格。</blockquote></p><p>• BNSF, our third Giant, continues to be the number one artery of American commerce, which makes it an indispensable asset for America as well as for Berkshire. If the many essential products BNSF carries were instead hauled by truck, America’s carbon emissions would soar.</p><p><blockquote>•我们的第三大巨头BNSF仍然是美国商业的头号动脉，这使它成为美国和伯克希尔不可或缺的资产。如果BNSF运输的许多基本产品改为用卡车运输，美国的碳排放量将会飙升。</blockquote></p><p>Your railroad had record earnings of $6 billion in 2021. Here, it should be noted, we are talking about the old-fashioned sort of earnings that we favor: a figure calculated after interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and all forms of compensation. (Our definition suggests a warning: Deceptive “adjustments” to earnings – to use a polite description – have become both more frequent and more fanciful as stocks have risen. Speaking less politely, I would say that bull markets breed bloviated bull )</p><p><blockquote>你们的铁路在2021年的收入达到了创纪录的60亿美元。这里应该指出的是，我们谈论的是我们喜欢的老式收入：扣除利息、税收、折旧、摊销和所有形式的补偿后计算的数字。（我们的定义暗示了一个警告：随着股市上涨，欺骗性的盈利“调整”——用礼貌的描述——变得越来越频繁，也越来越异想天开。不那么礼貌地说，我会说牛市滋生了混乱的牛市）</blockquote></p><p>BNSF trains traveled 143 million miles last year and carried 535 million tons of cargo. Both accomplishments far exceed those of any other American carrier. You can be proud of your railroad.</p><p><blockquote>BNSF列车去年行驶了1.43亿英里，运载了5.35亿吨货物。这两项成就都远远超过了任何其他美国航空公司。你可以为你的铁路感到骄傲。</blockquote></p><p>• BHE, our final Giant, earned a record $4 billion in 2021. That’s up more than 30-fold from the $122 million earned in 2000, the year that Berkshire first purchased a BHE stake. Now, Berkshire owns 91.1% of the company.</p><p><blockquote>•我们最后的巨头BHE在2021年赚了创纪录的40亿美元。这比2000年（伯克希尔哈撒韦公司首次购买BHE股份的那一年）的1.22亿美元收入增长了30多倍。现在，伯克希尔拥有该公司91.1%的股份。</blockquote></p><p></p><p>BHE’s record of societal accomplishment is as remarkable as its financial performance. The company had no wind or solar generation in 2000. It was then regarded simply as a relatively new and minor participant in the huge electric utility industry. Subsequently, under David Sokol’s and Greg Abel’s leadership, BHE has become a utility powerhouse (no groaning, please) and a leading force in wind, solar and transmission throughout much of the United States.</p><p><blockquote>BHE的社会成就记录与其财务表现一样引人注目。该公司在2000年没有风能或太阳能发电。当时，它只是被视为庞大的电力行业中一个相对较新的次要参与者。随后，在David Sokol和Greg Abel的领导下，BHE已成为一家公用事业巨头（请不要呻吟）以及美国大部分地区风能、太阳能和输电领域的主导力量。</blockquote></p><p>Greg’s report on these accomplishments appears on pages A-3 and A-4. The profile you will find there is not in any way one of those currently-fashionable “green-washing” stories. BHE has been faithfully detailing its plans and performance in renewables and transmissions every year since 2007.</p><p><blockquote>格雷格关于这些成就的报告出现在A-3和A-4页。你会在那里找到的简介绝不是那些当前流行的“洗绿”故事。自2007年以来，BHE每年都忠实地详细介绍其在可再生能源和输电方面的计划和业绩。</blockquote></p><p>To further review this information, visit BHE’s website at brkenergy.com. There, you will see that the company has long been making climate-conscious moves that soak up all of its earnings. More opportunities lie ahead. BHE has the management, the experience, the capital and the appetite for the huge power projects that our country needs.</p><p><blockquote>要进一步查看这些信息，请访问BHE在brkenergy.com的网站。在那里，你会看到该公司长期以来一直在采取气候意识举措，吸收了其所有收益。更多的机会就在前方。BHE拥有我国所需的管理、经验、资金和巨大电力项目的胃口。</blockquote></p><p><h2>Investments</h2>Now let’s talk about companies we don’t control, a list that again references Apple. Below we list our fifteen largest equity holdings, several of which are selections of Berkshire’s two long-time investment managers, Todd Combs and Ted Weschler. At yearend, this valued pair had total authority in respect to $34 billion of investments, many of which do not meet the threshold value we use in the table. Also, a significant portion of the dollars that Todd and Ted manage are lodged in various pension plans of Berkshire-owned businesses, with the assets of these plans not included in this table.</p><p><blockquote><h2>投资</h2>现在让我们谈谈我们不控制的公司，这份名单再次提到了苹果。下面我们列出了我们持有的15只最大的股票，其中几只是伯克希尔的两位长期投资经理托德·库姆斯和特德·韦施勒的精选。截至年底，这对有价值的投资拥有340亿美元投资的总权限，其中许多投资不符合我们在表中使用的阈值。此外，托德和特德管理的很大一部分资金存入伯克希尔旗下企业的各种养老金计划，这些计划的资产不包括在本表中。</blockquote></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d43587e9f59c0ff76e6c04c6bf9af324\" tg-width=\"1047\" tg-height=\"530\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>* This is our actual purchase price and also our tax basis.</p><p><blockquote>*这是我们的实际购买价格，也是我们的计税基础。</blockquote></p><p>** Held by BHE; consequently, Berkshire shareholders have only a 91.1% interest in this position.</p><p><blockquote>**由BHE持有；因此，伯克希尔股东在该职位上仅拥有91.1%的权益。</blockquote></p><p>*** Includes a $10 billion investment in Occidental Petroleum, consisting of preferred stock and warrants to buy common stock, a combination now being valued at $10.7 billion.</p><p><blockquote>***包括对西方石油公司100亿美元的投资，包括优先股和购买普通股的认股权证，目前这一组合的价值为107亿美元。</blockquote></p><p>In addition to the footnoted Occidental holding and our various common-stock positions, Berkshire also owns a 26.6% interest in Kraft Heinz (accounted for on the “equity” method, not market value, and carried at $13.1 billion) and 38.6% of Pilot Corp., a leader in travel centers that had revenues last year of $45 billion.</p><p><blockquote>除了脚注中提到的Occidental holding和我们的各种普通股头寸之外，Berkshire还拥有卡夫亨氏26.6%的权益（按“权益”法核算，而不是市值，账面价值为131亿美元）和Pilot Corp.38.6%的权益，Pilot Corp.是旅游中心的领导者，去年的收入为450亿美元。</blockquote></p><p>Since we purchased our Pilot stake in 2017, this holding has warranted “equity” accounting treatment. Early in 2023, Berkshire will purchase an additional interest in Pilot that will raise our ownership to 80% and lead to our fully consolidating Pilot’s earnings, assets and liabilities in our financial statements.</p><p><blockquote>自从我们在2017年购买了我们的试点股份以来，这种持股已经保证了“权益”会计处理。2023年初，伯克希尔将购买Pilot的额外权益，这将使我们的所有权提高到80%，并使我们在财务报表中完全合并Pilot的收益、资产和负债。</blockquote></p><p><h2>U.S. Treasury Bills</h2>Berkshire’s balance sheet includes $144 billion of cash and cash equivalents (excluding the holdings of BNSF and BHE). Of this sum, $120 billion is held in U.S. Treasury bills, all maturing in less than a year. That stake leaves Berkshire financing about 12 of 1% of the publicly-held national debt.</p><p><blockquote><h2>美国国库券</h2>伯克希尔的资产负债表包括1440亿美元的现金和现金等价物（不包括持有的BNSF和BHE）。其中，1200亿美元是美国国库券，全部在不到一年的时间内到期。这些股份使伯克希尔哈撒韦公司为公共持有的国债的1%中的约12提供融资。</blockquote></p><p>Charlie and I have pledged that Berkshire (along with our subsidiaries other than BNSF and BHE) will always hold more than $30 billion of cash and equivalents. We want your company to be financially impregnable and never dependent on the kindness of strangers (or even that of friends). Both of us like to sleep soundly, and we want our creditors, insurance claimants and you to do so as well.</p><p><blockquote>查理和我承诺，伯克希尔（连同我们除BNSF和BHE之外的子公司）将始终持有超过300亿美元的现金和等价物。我们希望你的公司在财务上坚不可摧，永远不要依赖陌生人（甚至朋友）的善意。我们都喜欢睡得很香，我们希望我们的债权人、保险索赔人和你也这样做。</blockquote></p><p><h2>But $144 billion?</h2>That imposing sum, I assure you, is not some deranged expression of patriotism. Nor have Charlie and I lost our overwhelming preference for business ownership. Indeed, I first manifested my enthusiasm for that 80 years ago, on March 11, 1942, when I purchased three shares of Cities Services preferred stock. Their cost was $114.75 and required all of my savings. (The Dow Jones Industrial Average that day closed at 99, a fact that should scream to you: Never bet against America.)</p><p><blockquote><h2>但是1440亿美元？</h2>我向你保证，这笔巨额资金并不是某种疯狂的爱国主义表达。查理和我也没有失去对企业所有权的压倒性偏好。事实上，80年前的1942年3月11日，我第一次表现出了我对此的热情，当时我购买了三股城市服务公司的优先股。它们的成本是114.75美元，需要我所有的积蓄。（道琼斯工业平均指数当天收于99点，这个事实应该让你尖叫：永远不要做空美国。）</blockquote></p><p>After my initial plunge, I always kept at least 80% of my net worth in equities. My favored status throughout that period was 100% – and still is. Berkshire’s current 80%-or-so position in businesses is a consequence of my failure to find entire companies or small portions thereof (that is, marketable stocks) which meet our criteria for long- term holding.</p><p><blockquote>在我最初的暴跌之后，我总是将至少80%的净资产投资于股票。在那段时间里，我最喜欢的状态是100%——现在仍然如此。伯克希尔目前80%左右的企业头寸是我未能找到符合我们长期持有标准的整个公司或其中一小部分（即有价证券）的结果。</blockquote></p><p>Charlie and I have endured similar cash-heavy positions from time to time in the past. These periods are never pleasant; they are also never permanent. And, fortunately, we have had a mildly attractive alternative during 2020 and 2021 for deploying capital. Read on.</p><p><blockquote>查理和我过去也不时经历过类似的现金密集型头寸。这些时期从来都不愉快；它们也不是永久的。幸运的是，我们在2020年和2021年期间有一个稍微有吸引力的资本部署替代方案。继续读下去。</blockquote></p><p></p><p><h2>Share Repurchases</h2>There are three ways that we can increase the value of your investment. The first is always front and center in our minds: Increase the long-term earning power of Berkshire’s controlled businesses through internal growth or by making acquisitions. Today, internal opportunities deliver far better returns than acquisitions. The size of those opportunities, however, is small compared to Berkshire’s resources.</p><p><blockquote><h2>股份购回</h2>我们有三种方法可以增加您的投资价值。第一个始终是我们最关心的问题：通过内部增长或收购来提高伯克希尔控制业务的长期盈利能力。如今，内部机会比收购带来更好的回报。然而，与伯克希尔的资源相比，这些机会的规模很小。</blockquote></p><p>Our second choice is to buy non-controlling part-interests in the many good or great businesses that are publicly traded. From time to time, such possibilities are both numerous and blatantly attractive. Today, though, we find little that excites us.</p><p><blockquote>我们的第二个选择是购买许多公开交易的优秀或伟大企业的非控股部分权益。有时，这样的可能性既众多又极具吸引力。然而今天，我们很少发现让我们兴奋的东西。</blockquote></p><p>That’s largely because of a truism: Long-term interest rates that are low push the prices of all productive investments upward, whether these are stocks, apartments, farms, oil wells, whatever. Other factors influence valuations as well, but interest rates will always be important.</p><p><blockquote>这在很大程度上是因为一个不言而喻的事实：低长期利率会推高所有生产性投资的价格，无论是股票、公寓、农场、油井等等。其他因素也会影响估值，但利率始终很重要。</blockquote></p><p>Our final path to value creation is to repurchase Berkshire shares. Through that simple act, we increase your share of the many controlled and non-controlled businesses Berkshire owns. When the price/value equation is right, this path is the easiest and most certain way for us to increase your wealth. (Alongside the accretion of value to continuing shareholders, a couple of other parties gain: Repurchases are modestly beneficial to the seller of the repurchased shares and to society as well.)</p><p><blockquote>我们创造价值的最终途径是回购伯克希尔股票。通过这一简单的行为，我们增加了您在伯克希尔拥有的许多受控和非受控业务中的份额。当价格/价值等式正确时，这条路径是我们增加您财富的最简单、最确定的方式。（除了持续股东的价值增加之外，其他一些人也会受益：回购对回购股票的卖方和社会都有适度的好处。）</blockquote></p><p>Periodically, as alternative paths become unattractive, repurchases make good sense for Berkshire’s owners. During the past two years, we therefore repurchased 9% of the shares that were outstanding at yearend 2019 for a total cost of $51.7 billion. That expenditure left our continuing shareholders owning about 10% more of all Berkshire businesses, whether these are wholly-owned (such as BNSF and GEICO) or partly-owned (such as Coca-Cola and Moody’s).</p><p><blockquote>周期性地，随着替代路径变得没有吸引力，回购对伯克希尔的所有者来说是有意义的。因此，在过去两年中，我们回购了2019年底已发行股票的9%，总成本为517亿美元。这笔支出使我们的持续股东拥有伯克希尔所有业务约10%的股份，无论这些业务是全资拥有的（如BNSF和GEICO）还是部分拥有的（如可口可乐和穆迪）。</blockquote></p><p>I want to underscore that for Berkshire repurchases to make sense, our shares must offer appropriate value. We don’t want to overpay for the shares of other companies, and it would be value-destroying if we were to overpay when we are buying Berkshire. As of February 23, 2022, since yearend we repurchased additional shares at a cost of $1.2 billion. Our appetite remains large but will always remain price-dependent.</p><p><blockquote>我想强调的是，为了让伯克希尔的回购有意义，我们的股票必须提供适当的价值。我们不想为其他公司的股票支付过高的价格，如果我们在购买伯克希尔时支付过高的价格，那将是对价值的破坏。截至2022年2月23日，自年底以来，我们以12亿美元的成本回购了额外股票。我们的胃口仍然很大，但将始终取决于价格。</blockquote></p><p>It should be noted that Berkshire’s buyback opportunities are limited because of its high-class investor base. If our shares were heavily held by short-term speculators, both price volatility and transaction volumes would materially increase. That kind of reshaping would offer us far greater opportunities for creating value by making repurchases. Nevertheless, Charlie and I far prefer the owners we have, even though their admirable buy-and-keep attitudes limit the extent to which long-term shareholders can profit from opportunistic repurchases.</p><p><blockquote>需要注意的是，伯克希尔的回购机会有限，因为其投资者基础很高。倘我们的股份被短期投机者大量持有，价格波动及交易量将大幅增加。这种重塑将为我们提供更多通过回购创造价值的机会。然而，查理和我更喜欢我们现有的所有者，尽管他们令人钦佩的买入并持有态度限制了长期股东从机会主义回购中获利的程度。</blockquote></p><p>Finally, one easily-overlooked value calculation specific to Berkshire: As we’ve discussed, insurance “float” of the right sort is of great value to us. As it happens, repurchases automatically increase the amount of “float” per share. That figure has increased during the past two years by 25% – going from $79,387 per “A” share to $99,497, a meaningful gain that, as noted, owes some thanks to repurchases.</p><p><blockquote>最后，一个容易被忽视的伯克希尔特有的价值计算：正如我们已经讨论过的，正确类型的保险“浮动”对我们来说非常有价值。碰巧的是，回购会自动增加每股的“流通量”。这一数字在过去两年中增长了25%，从每股“A”股79,387美元增至99,497美元，如前所述，这一有意义的涨幅在一定程度上要归功于回购。</blockquote></p><p><h2>A Wonderful Man and a Wonderful Business</h2>Last year, Paul Andrews died. Paul was the founder and CEO of TTI, a Fort Worth-based subsidiary of Berkshire. Throughout his life – in both his business and his personal pursuits – Paul quietly displayed all the qualities that Charlie and I admire. His story should be told.</p><p><blockquote><h2>一个了不起的人和一个了不起的企业</h2>去年，保罗·安德鲁斯去世了。保罗是伯克希尔哈撒韦公司位于沃思堡的子公司TTI的创始人兼首席执行官。在他的一生中——在他的事业和个人追求中——保罗悄悄地展示了查理和我所钦佩的所有品质。他的故事应该被讲述。</blockquote></p><p>In 1971, Paul was working as a purchasing agent for General Dynamics when the roof fell in. After losing a huge defense contract, the company fired thousands of employees, including Paul.</p><p><blockquote>1971年，当屋顶倒塌时，保罗正在通用动力公司担任采购代理。在失去一份巨额国防合同后，该公司解雇了数千名员工，其中包括保罗。</blockquote></p><p>With his first child due soon, Paul decided to bet on himself, using $500 of his savings to found Tex-Tronics (later renamed TTI). The company set itself up to distribute small electronic components, and first-year sales totaled $112,000. Today, TTI markets more than one million different items with annual volume of $7.7 billion.</p><p><blockquote>随着他的第一个孩子即将出生，保罗决定把赌注押在自己身上，用他的500美元积蓄创办了Tex-Tronics（后来更名为TTI）。该公司致力于分销小型电子元件，第一年的销售额总计112,000美元。如今，创科实业销售超过100万种不同的产品，年销售额达77亿美元。</blockquote></p><p>But back to 2006: Paul, at 63, then found himself happy with his family, his job, and his associates. But he had one nagging worry, heightened because he had recently witnessed a friend’s early death and the disastrous results that followed for that man’s family and business. What, Paul asked himself in 2006, would happen to the many people depending on him if he should unexpectedly die?</p><p><blockquote>但回到2006年：63岁的保罗发现自己对家庭、工作和同事都很满意。但他有一个挥之不去的担忧，因为他最近目睹了一个朋友的早逝以及随之而来的对那个人的家庭和生意的灾难性后果，这种担忧加剧了。保罗在2006年问自己，如果他意外去世，许多依赖他的人会怎么样？</blockquote></p><p>For a year, Paul wrestled with his options. Sell to a competitor? From a strictly economic viewpoint, that course made the most sense. After all, competitors could envision lucrative “synergies” – savings that would be achieved as the acquiror slashed duplicated functions at TTI.</p><p><blockquote>一年来，保罗一直在纠结自己的选择。卖给竞争对手？从严格的经济角度来看，这个过程是最有意义的。毕竟，竞争对手可以设想利润丰厚的“协同效应”——随着收购方削减TTI的重复职能，将实现节省。</blockquote></p><p></p><p>But . . . Such a purchaser would most certainly also retain its CFO, its legal counsel, its HR unit. Their TTI counterparts would therefore be sent packing. And ugh! If a new distribution center were to be needed, the acquirer’s home city would certainly be favored over Fort Worth.</p><p><blockquote>但是...这样的购买者肯定还会保留其首席财务官、法律顾问和人力资源部门。因此，他们的TTI同行将被打包发送。还有啊！如果需要一个新的配送中心，收购方的家乡城市肯定会比沃思堡更受青睐。</blockquote></p><p>Whatever the financial benefits, Paul quickly concluded that selling to a competitor was not for him. He next considered seeking a financial buyer, a species once labeled – aptly so – a leveraged buyout firm. Paul knew, however, that such a purchaser would be focused on an “exit strategy.” And who could know what that would be? Brooding over it all, Paul found himself having no interest in handing his 35-year-old creation over to a reseller.</p><p><blockquote>不管经济利益如何，保罗很快得出结论，卖给竞争对手不适合他。接下来，他考虑寻找一家金融买家，这种买家曾经被恰当地称为杠杆收购公司。然而，保罗知道这样的买家会专注于“退出策略”。谁知道那会是什么？考虑到这一切，保罗发现自己没有兴趣将他35岁的创作交给经销商。</blockquote></p><p>When Paul met me, he explained why he had eliminated these two alternatives as buyers. He then summed up his dilemma by saying – in far more tactful phrasing than this – “After a year of pondering the alternatives, I want to sell to Berkshire because you are the only guy left.” So, I made an offer and Paul said “Yes.” One meeting; one lunch; one deal.</p><p><blockquote>当保罗见到我时，他解释了为什么他作为买家排除了这两种选择。然后，他用比这更委婉的措辞总结了自己的困境：“经过一年的思考，我想把它卖给伯克希尔，因为你是唯一剩下的人。”所以，我提出了一个提议，保罗答应了。一次会议；一顿午餐；一笔交易。</blockquote></p><p>To say we both lived happily ever after is an understatement. When Berkshire purchased TTI, the company employed 2,387. Now the number is 8,043. A large percentage of that growth took place in Fort Worth and environs. Earnings have increased 673%.</p><p><blockquote>说我们从此过上了幸福的生活是一种保守的说法。当伯克希尔收购TTI时，该公司拥有2,387名员工。现在这个数字是8043。其中很大一部分增长发生在沃思堡及周边地区。盈利增长了673%。</blockquote></p><p>Annually, I would call Paul and tell him his salary should be substantially increased. Annually, he would tell me, “We can talk about that next year, Warren; I’m too busy now.”</p><p><blockquote>每年，我都会给保罗发看涨期权，告诉他他的薪水应该大幅增加。每年，他都会告诉我，“我们可以明年再谈这个，沃伦，我现在太忙了。”</blockquote></p><p>When Greg Abel and I attended Paul’s memorial service, we met children, grandchildren, long-time associates (including TTI’s first employee) and John Roach, the former CEO of a Fort Worth company Berkshire had purchased in 2000. John had steered his friend Paul to Omaha, instinctively knowing we would be a match.</p><p><blockquote>当格雷格·阿贝尔和我参加保罗的追悼会时，我们见到了孩子、孙子、长期合作伙伴（包括创科实业的第一位员工）和约翰·罗奇，他是伯克希尔2000年收购的沃斯堡一家公司的前首席执行官。约翰带着他的朋友保罗去了奥马哈，本能地知道我们会是一对。</blockquote></p><p>At the service, Greg and I heard about the multitudes of people and organizations that Paul had silently supported. The breadth of his generosity was extraordinary – geared always to improving the lives of others, particularly those in Fort Worth.</p><p><blockquote>在仪式上，格雷格和我听说了保罗默默支持的许多人和组织。他的慷慨是非凡的——总是致力于改善他人的生活，尤其是那些在沃思堡的人。</blockquote></p><p>In all ways, Paul was a class act.</p><p><blockquote>从各方面来看，保罗都是一流的。</blockquote></p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p><blockquote>**</blockquote></p><p>Good luck – occasionally extraordinary luck – has played its part at Berkshire. If Paul and I had not enjoyed a mutual friend – John Roach – TTI would not have found its home with us. But that ample serving of luck was only the beginning. TTI was soon to lead Berkshire to its most important acquisition.</p><p><blockquote>好运——偶尔是非凡的运气——在伯克希尔发挥了作用。如果保罗和我没有一个共同的朋友——约翰·罗奇——TTI就不会在我们身边找到它的家。但是这种充足的运气仅仅是个开始。TTI很快就带领伯克希尔完成了其最重要的收购。</blockquote></p><p>Every fall, Berkshire directors gather for a presentation by a few of our executives. We sometimes choose the site based upon the location of a recent acquisition, by that means allowing directors to meet the new subsidiary’s CEO and learn more about the acquiree’s activities.</p><p><blockquote>每年秋天，伯克希尔的董事们都会聚集在一起，听取我们几位高管的演讲。我们有时会根据最近收购的地点来选择地点，这样可以让董事会见新子公司的首席执行官，并更多地了解被收购方的活动。</blockquote></p><p>In the fall of 2009, we consequently selected Fort Worth so that we could visit TTI. At that time, BNSF, which also had Fort Worth as its hometown, was the third-largest holding among our marketable equities. Despite that large stake, I had never visited the railroad’s headquarters.</p><p><blockquote>因此，在2009年秋天，我们选择了沃思堡，这样我们就可以参观TTI。当时，BNSF的家乡也是沃思堡，是我们有价证券中的第三大持股。尽管有这么大的股份，我从未去过铁路总部。</blockquote></p><p>Deb Bosanek, my assistant, scheduled our board’s opening dinner for October 22. Meanwhile, I arranged to arrive earlier that day to meet with Matt Rose, CEO of BNSF, whose accomplishments I had long admired. When I made the date, I had no idea that our get-together would coincide with BNSF’s third-quarter earnings report, which was released late on the 22nd.</p><p><blockquote>我的助手Deb Bosanek将我们董事会的开幕晚宴安排在10月22日。与此同时，我安排当天早些时候到达，会见BNSF首席执行官马特·罗斯，他的成就我长期以来一直钦佩。当我确定这个日期时，我不知道我们的聚会会恰逢BNSF于22日晚些时候发布的第三季度收益报告。</blockquote></p><p>The market reacted badly to the railroad’s results. The Great Recession was in full force in the third quarter, and BNSF’s earnings reflected that slump. The economic outlook was also bleak, and Wall Street wasn’t feeling friendly to railroads – or much else.</p><p><blockquote>市场对铁路公司的业绩反应不佳。大衰退在第三季度全面爆发，BNSF的盈利反映了这种下滑。经济前景也很黯淡，华尔街对铁路或其他许多行业都不太友好。</blockquote></p><p>On the following day, I again got together with Matt and suggested that Berkshire would offer the railroad a better long-term home than it could expect as a public company. I also told him the maximum price that Berkshire would pay.</p><p><blockquote>第二天，我再次和马特聚在一起，建议伯克希尔为铁路公司提供一个比上市公司更好的长期住所。我还告诉了他伯克希尔愿意支付的最高价格。</blockquote></p><p>Matt relayed the offer to his directors and advisors. Eleven busy days later, Berkshire and BNSF announced a firm deal. And here I’ll venture a rare prediction: BNSF will be a key asset for Berkshire and our country a century from now.</p><p><blockquote>马特向他的董事和顾问转达了这一提议。忙碌了11天后，伯克希尔和BNSF宣布了一项确定的交易。在这里，我大胆地做一个罕见的预测：一个世纪后，BNSF将成为伯克希尔和我们国家的关键资产。</blockquote></p><p>The BNSF acquisition would never have happened if Paul Andrews hadn’t sized up Berkshire as the right home for TTI.</p><p><blockquote>如果保罗·安德鲁斯(Paul Andrews)没有将伯克希尔视为TTI的合适住所，BNSF的收购永远不会发生。</blockquote></p><p><h2>Thanks</h2>I taught my first investing class 70 years ago. Since then, I have enjoyed working almost every year with students of all ages, finally “retiring” from that pursuit in 2018.</p><p><blockquote><h2>谢谢</h2>70年前，我教了我的第一堂投资课。从那以后，我几乎每年都喜欢和各个年龄段的学生一起工作，最终在2018年从这种追求中“退休”。</blockquote></p><p>Along the way, my toughest audience was my grandson’s fifth-grade class. The 11-year-olds were squirming in their seats and giving me blank stares until I mentioned Coca-Cola and its famous secret formula. Instantly, every hand went up, and I learned that “secrets” are catnip to kids.</p><p><blockquote>一路上，我最难对付的观众是我孙子五年级的班级。11岁的孩子们在座位上蠕动，茫然地看着我，直到我提到可口可乐和它著名的秘密配方。立刻，每个人都举起了手，我明白了“秘密”对孩子们来说是猫薄荷。</blockquote></p><p></p><p>Teaching, like writing, has helped me develop and clarify my own thoughts. Charlie calls this phenomenon the orangutan effect: If you sit down with an orangutan and carefully explain to it one of your cherished ideas, you may leave behind a puzzled primate, but will yourself exit thinking more clearly.</p><p><blockquote>教学和写作一样，帮助我发展和理清了自己的思想。查理·评级这种现象猩猩效应：如果你和一只猩猩坐下来，仔细地向它解释你珍视的一个想法，你可能会留下一只困惑的灵长类动物，但你自己会更清楚地思考吗？</blockquote></p><p>Talking to university students is far superior. I have urged that they seek employment in (1) the field and (2) with the kind of people they would select, if they had no need for money. Economic realities, I acknowledge, may interfere with that kind of search. Even so, I urge the students never to give up the quest, for when they find that sort of job, they will no longer be “working.”</p><p><blockquote>和大学生说话要优越得多。我敦促他们在（1）这个领域和（2）如果他们不需要钱，他们会选择的那种人那里找工作。我承认，经济现实可能会干扰这种搜索。即便如此，我敦促学生们永远不要放弃追求，因为当他们找到那种工作时，他们将不再是“工作”。</blockquote></p><p>Charlie and I, ourselves, followed that liberating course after a few early stumbles. We both started as part- timers at my grandfather’s grocery store, Charlie in 1940 and I in 1942. We were each assigned boring tasks and paid little, definitely not what we had in mind. Charlie later took up law, and I tried selling securities. Job satisfaction continued to elude us.</p><p><blockquote>查理和我，我们自己，在经历了一些早期的挫折后，走上了解放的道路。我们都是从我祖父的杂货店兼职开始的，查理是1940年，我是1942年。我们每个人都被分配了无聊的任务，报酬很低，绝对不是我们想要的。查理后来从事法律工作，我尝试出售证券。工作满意度继续困扰着我们。</blockquote></p><p>Finally, at Berkshire, we found what we love to do. With very few exceptions, we have now “worked” for many decades with people whom we like and trust. It’s a joy in life to join with managers such as Paul Andrews or the Berkshire families I told you about last year. In our home office, we employ decent and talented people – no jerks. Turnover averages, perhaps, one person per year.</p><p><blockquote>最后，在伯克希尔，我们找到了自己喜欢做的事情。除了极少数例外，我们现在已经和我们喜欢和信任的人“工作”了几十年。与保罗·安德鲁斯或我去年告诉过你的伯克希尔家族等经理人一起工作是生活中的一种乐趣。在我们的家庭办公室，我们雇佣体面和有才华的人——没有混蛋。平均离职人数可能是每年一人。</blockquote></p><p>I would like, however, to emphasize a further item that turns our jobs into fun and satisfaction working</p><p><blockquote>然而，我想强调另一个项目，它将我们的工作变成有趣和令人满意的工作</blockquote></p><p>for you. There is nothing more rewarding to Charlie and me than enjoying the trust of individual long-term shareholders who, for many decades, have joined us with the expectation that we would be a reliable custodian of their funds.</p><p><blockquote>为了你。对查理和我来说，没有什么比享受个人长期股东的信任更有意义的了，几十年来，他们加入我们的期望是我们将成为他们资金的可靠托管人。</blockquote></p><p>Obviously, we can’t select our owners, as we could do if our form of operation were a partnership. Anyone can buy shares of Berkshire today with the intention of soon reselling them. For sure, we get a few of that type of shareholder, just as we get index funds that own huge amounts of Berkshire simply because they are required to do so.</p><p><blockquote>显然，我们不能选择我们的所有者，如果我们的运营形式是合伙企业，我们可以这样做。任何人今天都可以购买伯克希尔的股票，并打算很快转售。当然，我们有一些此类股东，就像我们有指数基金持有大量伯克希尔哈撒韦公司股票一样，因为它们被要求这样做。</blockquote></p><p>To a truly unusual degree, however, Berkshire has as owners a very large corps of individuals and families that have elected to join us with an intent approaching “til death do us part.” Often, they have trusted us with a large – some might say excessive – portion of their savings.</p><p><blockquote>然而，在一个真正不寻常的程度上，伯克希尔拥有一大批个人和家庭作为所有者，他们选择加入我们，意图是“直到死亡将我们分开”。通常，他们把很大一部分——有些人可能会说是过多的——储蓄托付给我们。</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire, these shareholders would sometimes acknowledge, might be far from the best selection they could have made. But they would add that Berkshire would rank high among those with which they would be most comfortable. And people who are comfortable with their investments will, on average, achieve better results than those who are motivated by ever-changing headlines, chatter and promises.</p><p><blockquote>这些股东有时会承认，伯克希尔可能远不是他们所能做出的最佳选择。但他们会补充说，伯克希尔将在他们最满意的公司中排名靠前。平均而言，对自己的投资感到满意的人会比那些被不断变化的头条新闻、喋喋不休和承诺所激励的人取得更好的结果。</blockquote></p><p>Long-term individual owners are both the “partners” Charlie and I have always sought and the ones we constantly have in mind as we make decisions at Berkshire. To them we say, “It feels good to ‘work’ for you, and you have our thanks for your trust.”</p><p><blockquote>长期个人所有者既是查理和我一直在寻找的“合作伙伴”，也是我们在伯克希尔做决策时一直牢记的“合作伙伴”。我们对他们说：“为你们‘工作’的感觉真好，我们感谢你们的信任。”</blockquote></p><p><h2>The Annual Meeting</h2>Clear your calendar! Berkshire will have its annual gathering of capitalists in Omaha on Friday, April 29th through Sunday, May 1st. The details regarding the weekend are laid out on pages A-1 and A-2. Omaha eagerly awaits you, as do I.</p><p><blockquote><h2>年会</h2>清除您的日历！伯克希尔将于4月29日星期五至5月1日星期日在奥马哈举行年度资本家聚会。关于周末的细节列在A-1和A-2页。奥马哈急切地等待着你，我也是。</blockquote></p><p>I will end this letter with a sales pitch. “Cousin” Jimmy Buffett has designed a pontoon “party” boat that is now being manufactured by Forest River, a Berkshire subsidiary. The boat will be introduced on April 29 at our Berkshire Bazaar of Bargains. And, for two days only, shareholders will be able to purchase Jimmy’s masterpiece at a 10% discount. Your bargain-hunting chairman will be buying a boat for his family’s use. Join me.</p><p><blockquote>我将以推销来结束这封信。“表哥”吉米·巴菲特设计了一艘浮桥“派对”船，现在由伯克希尔旗下的森林河公司制造。这艘船将于4月29日在我们的伯克希尔便宜货市场推出。而且，仅在两天内，股东就可以以10%的折扣购买吉米的杰作。你的便宜货董事长会买一艘船给他的家人使用。加入我。</blockquote></p><p>February 26, 2022</p><p><blockquote>2022年2月26日</blockquote></p><p>Warren E. Buffett Chairman of the Board</p><p><blockquote>沃伦·E·巴菲特董事会主席</blockquote></p><p></body></html></p><p><blockquote></blockquote></p><p></p>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{"BRK.B":"伯克希尔B","BRK.A":"伯克希尔"},"source_url":"","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1125580913","content_text":"Warren Buffett released his annual letter to Berkshire Hathaway shareholders on Saturday. The 91-year-old investing legend has been publishing the letter for over six decades and it has become required reading for investors around the world.Warren Buffett said he now considers tech giant Apple as one of the four pillars driving Berkshire Hathaway, the conglomerate of mostly old-economy businesses he’s assembled over the last five decades.In his annual letter to shareholders released on Saturday, the 91-year-old investing legend listed Apple under the heading “Our Four Giants” and even called the company the second-most important after Berkshire’s cluster of insurers, thanks to its chief executive.“Tim Cook, Apple’s brilliant CEO, quite properly regards users of Apple products as his first love, but all of his other constituencies benefit from Tim’s managerial touch as well,” the letter stated.Buffett made clear he is a fan of Cook’s stock repurchase strategy, and how it gives the conglomerate increased ownership of each dollar of the iPhone maker’s earnings without the investor having to lift a finger.“Apple – our runner-up Giant as measured by its yearend market value – is a different sort of holding. Here, our ownership is a mere 5.55%, up from 5.39% a year earlier,” Buffett said in the letter. “That increase sounds like small potatoes. But consider that each 0.1% of Apple’s 2021 earnings amounted to $100 million. We spent no Berkshire funds to gain our accretion. Apple’s repurchases did the job.”Berkshire began buying Apple stock in 2016 under the influence of Buffett’s investing deputies Todd Combs and Ted Weschler. By mid-2018, the conglomerate accumulated 5% ownership of the iPhone maker, a stake that cost $36 billion. Today, the Apple investment is now worth more than $160 billion, taking up 40% of Berkshire’s equity portfolio.“It’s important to understand that only dividends from Apple are counted in the GAAP earnings Berkshire reports – and last year, Apple paid us $785 million of those. Yet our ‘share’ of Apple’s earnings amounted to a staggering $5.6 billion. Much of what the company retained was used to repurchase Apple shares, an act we applaud,” Buffett said.Berkshire is Apple’s largest shareholder, outside of index and exchange-traded fund providers.Buffett also credited his railroad business BNSF and energy segment BHE as two other giants of the conglomerate, which both registered record earnings in 2021.“BNSF, our third Giant, continues to be the number one artery of American commerce, which makes it an indispensable asset for America as well as for Berkshire,” Buffett said. “BHE has become a utility powerhouse and a leading force in wind, solar and transmission throughout much of the United States.”Read the full letter here：To the Shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.:Charlie Munger, my long-time partner, and I have the job of managing a portion of your savings. We are honored by your trust.Our position carries with it the responsibility to report to you what we would like to know if we were the absentee owner and you were the manager. We enjoy communicating directly with you through this annual letter, and through the annual meeting as well.Our policy is to treat all shareholders equally. Therefore, we do not hold discussions with analysts nor large institutions. Whenever possible, also, we release important communications on Saturday mornings in order to maximize the time for shareholders and the media to absorb the news before markets open on Monday.A wealth of Berkshire facts and figures are set forth in the annual 10-K that the company regularly files with the S.E.C. and that we reproduce on pages K-1 – K-119. Some shareholders will find this detail engrossing; others will simply prefer to learn what Charlie and I believe is new or interesting at Berkshire.Alas, there was little action of that sort in 2021. We did, though, make reasonable progress in increasing the intrinsic value of your shares. That task has been my primary duty for 57 years. And it will continue to be.What You OwnBerkshire owns a wide variety of businesses, some in their entirety, some only in part. The second group largely consists of marketable common stocks of major American companies. Additionally, we own a few non-U.S. equities and participate in several joint ventures or other collaborative activities.Whatever our form of ownership, our goal is to have meaningful investments in businesses with both durable economic advantages and a first-class CEO. Please note particularly that we own stocks based upon our expectations about their long-term business performance and not because we view them as vehicles for timely market moves. That point is crucial: Charlie and I are not stock-pickers; we are business-pickers.I make many mistakes. Consequently, our extensive collection of businesses includes some enterprises that have truly extraordinary economics, many others that enjoy good economic characteristics, and a few that are marginal. One advantage of our common-stock segment is that – on occasion – it becomes easy to buy pieces of wonderful businesses at wonderful prices. That shooting-fish-in-a-barrel experience is very rare in negotiated transactions and never occurs en masse. It is also far easier to exit from a mistake when it has been made in the marketable arena.Surprise, SurpriseHere are a few items about your company that often surprise even seasoned investors:• Many people perceive Berkshire as a large and somewhat strange collection of financial assets. In truth, Berkshire owns and operates more U.S.-based “infrastructure” assets – classified on our balance sheet as property, plant and equipment – than are owned and operated by any other American corporation. That supremacy has never been our goal. It has, however, become a fact.At yearend, those domestic infrastructure assets were carried on Berkshire’s balance sheet at $158 billion. That number increased last year and will continue to increase. Berkshire always will be building.• Every year, your company makes substantial federal income tax payments. In 2021, for example, we paid$3.3 billion while the U.S. Treasury reported total corporate income-tax receipts of $402 billion. Additionally, Berkshire pays substantial state and foreign taxes. “I gave at the office” is an unassailable assertion when made by Berkshire shareholders.Berkshire’s history vividly illustrates the invisible and often unrecognized financial partnership between  government and American businesses. Our tale begins early in 1955, when Berkshire Fine Spinning and Hathaway Manufacturing agreed to merge their businesses. In their requests for shareholder approval, these venerable New England textile companies expressed high hopes for the combination.The Hathaway solicitation, for example, assured its shareholders that “The combination of the resources and managements will result in one of the strongest and most efficient organizations in the textile industry.” That upbeat view was endorsed by the company’s advisor, Lehman Brothers (yes, that Lehman Brothers).I’m sure it was a joyous day in both Fall River (Berkshire) and New Bedford (Hathaway) when the union was consummated. After the bands stopped playing and the bankers went home, however, the shareholders reaped a disaster.In the nine years following the merger, Berkshire’s owners watched the company’s net worth crater from$51.4 million to $22.1 million. In part, this decline was caused by stock repurchases, ill-advised dividends and plant shutdowns. But nine years of effort by many thousands of employees delivered an operating loss as well. Berkshire’s struggles were not unusual: The New England textile industry had silently entered an extended and non-reversible death march.During the nine post-merger years, the U.S. Treasury suffered as well from Berkshire’s troubles. All told, the company paid the government only $337,359 in income tax during that period – a pathetic $100 per day.Early in 1965, things changed. Berkshire installed new management that redeployed available cash and steered essentially all earnings into a variety of good businesses, most of which remained good through the years. Coupling reinvestment of earnings with the power of compounding worked its magic, and shareholders prospered.Berkshire’s owners, it should be noted, were not the only beneficiary of that course correction. Their “silent partner,” the U.S. Treasury, proceeded to collect many tens of billions of dollars from the company in income tax payments. Remember the $100 daily? Now, Berkshire pays roughly $9 million daily to the Treasury.In fairness to our governmental partner, our shareholders should acknowledge – indeed trumpet – the fact that Berkshire’s prosperity has been fostered mightily because the company has operated in America. Our country would have done splendidly in the years since 1965 without Berkshire. Absent our American home, however, Berkshire would never have come close to becoming what it is today. When you see the flag, say thanks.• From an $8.6 million purchase of National Indemnity in 1967, Berkshire has become the world leader in insurance “float” – money we hold and can invest but that does not belong to us. Including a relatively small sum derived from life insurance, Berkshire’s total float has grown from $19 million when we entered the insurance business to $147 billion.So far, this float has cost us less than nothing. Though we have experienced a number of years when insurance losses combined with operating expenses exceeded premiums, overall we have earned a modest 55-year profit from the underwriting activities that generated our float.Of equal importance, float is very sticky. Funds attributable to our insurance operations come and go daily, but their aggregate total is immune from precipitous decline. When it comes to investing float, we can therefore think long-term.If you are not already familiar with the concept of float, I refer you to a long explanation on page A-5. To my surprise, our float increased $9 billion last year, a buildup of value that is important to Berkshire owners though is not reflected in our GAAP (“generally-accepted accounting principles”) presentation of earnings and net worth.Much of our huge value creation in insurance is attributable to Berkshire’s good luck in my 1986 hiring of Ajit Jain. We first met on a Saturday morning, and I quickly asked Ajit what his insurance experience had been. He replied, “None.”I said, “Nobody’s perfect,” and hired him. That was my lucky day: Ajit actually was as perfect a choice as could have been made. Better yet, he continues to be – 35 years later.One final thought about insurance: I believe that it is likely – but far from assured – that Berkshire’s float can be maintained without our incurring a long-term underwriting loss. I am certain, however, that there will be some years when we experience such losses, perhaps involving very large sums.Berkshire is constructed to handle catastrophic events as no other insurer – and that priority will remain long after Charlie and I are gone.Our Four GiantsThrough Berkshire, our shareholders own many dozens of businesses. Some of these, in turn, have a collection of subsidiaries of their own. For example, Marmon has more than 100 individual business operations, ranging from the leasing of railroad cars to the manufacture of medical devices.• Nevertheless, operations of our “Big Four” companies account for a very large chunk of Berkshire’s value. Leading this list is our cluster of insurers. Berkshire effectively owns 100% of this group, whose massive float value we earlier described. The invested assets of these insurers are further enlarged by the extraordinary amount of capital we invest to back up their promises.The insurance business is made to order for Berkshire. The product will never be obsolete, and sales volume will generally increase along with both economic growth and inflation. Also, integrity and capital will forever be important. Our company can and will behave well.There are, of course, other insurers with excellent business models and prospects. Replication of Berkshire’s operation, however, would be almost impossible.• Apple – our runner-up Giant as measured by its yearend market value – is a different sort of holding. Here, our ownership is a mere 5.55%, up from 5.39% a year earlier. That increase sounds like small potatoes. But consider that each 0.1% of Apple’s 2021 earnings amounted to $100 million. We spent no Berkshire funds to gain our accretion. Apple’s repurchases did the job.It’s important to understand that only dividends from Apple are counted in the GAAP earnings Berkshire reports – and last year, Apple paid us $785 million of those. Yet our “share” of Apple’s earnings amounted to a staggering $5.6 billion. Much of what the company retained was used to repurchase Apple shares, an act we applaud. Tim Cook, Apple’s brilliant CEO, quite properly regards users of Apple products as his first love, but all of his other constituencies benefit from Tim’s managerial touch as well.• BNSF, our third Giant, continues to be the number one artery of American commerce, which makes it an indispensable asset for America as well as for Berkshire. If the many essential products BNSF carries were instead hauled by truck, America’s carbon emissions would soar.Your railroad had record earnings of $6 billion in 2021. Here, it should be noted, we are talking about the old-fashioned sort of earnings that we favor: a figure calculated after interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and all forms of compensation. (Our definition suggests a warning: Deceptive “adjustments” to earnings – to use a polite description – have become both more frequent and more fanciful as stocks have risen. Speaking less politely, I would say that bull markets breed bloviated bull )BNSF trains traveled 143 million miles last year and carried 535 million tons of cargo. Both accomplishments far exceed those of any other American carrier. You can be proud of your railroad.• BHE, our final Giant, earned a record $4 billion in 2021. That’s up more than 30-fold from the $122 million earned in 2000, the year that Berkshire first purchased a BHE stake. Now, Berkshire owns 91.1% of the company.BHE’s record of societal accomplishment is as remarkable as its financial performance. The company had no wind or solar generation in 2000. It was then regarded simply as a relatively new and minor participant in the huge electric utility industry. Subsequently, under David Sokol’s and Greg Abel’s leadership, BHE has become a utility powerhouse (no groaning, please) and a leading force in wind, solar and transmission throughout much of the United States.Greg’s report on these accomplishments appears on pages A-3 and A-4. The profile you will find there is not in any way one of those currently-fashionable “green-washing” stories. BHE has been faithfully detailing its plans and performance in renewables and transmissions every year since 2007.To further review this information, visit BHE’s website at brkenergy.com. There, you will see that the company has long been making climate-conscious moves that soak up all of its earnings. More opportunities lie ahead. BHE has the management, the experience, the capital and the appetite for the huge power projects that our country needs.InvestmentsNow let’s talk about companies we don’t control, a list that again references Apple. Below we list our fifteen largest equity holdings, several of which are selections of Berkshire’s two long-time investment managers, Todd Combs and Ted Weschler. At yearend, this valued pair had total authority in respect to $34 billion of investments, many of which do not meet the threshold value we use in the table. Also, a significant portion of the dollars that Todd and Ted manage are lodged in various pension plans of Berkshire-owned businesses, with the assets of these plans not included in this table.* This is our actual purchase price and also our tax basis.** Held by BHE; consequently, Berkshire shareholders have only a 91.1% interest in this position.*** Includes a $10 billion investment in Occidental Petroleum, consisting of preferred stock and warrants to buy common stock, a combination now being valued at $10.7 billion.In addition to the footnoted Occidental holding and our various common-stock positions, Berkshire also owns a 26.6% interest in Kraft Heinz (accounted for on the “equity” method, not market value, and carried at $13.1 billion) and 38.6% of Pilot Corp., a leader in travel centers that had revenues last year of $45 billion.Since we purchased our Pilot stake in 2017, this holding has warranted “equity” accounting treatment. Early in 2023, Berkshire will purchase an additional interest in Pilot that will raise our ownership to 80% and lead to our fully consolidating Pilot’s earnings, assets and liabilities in our financial statements.U.S. Treasury BillsBerkshire’s balance sheet includes $144 billion of cash and cash equivalents (excluding the holdings of BNSF and BHE). Of this sum, $120 billion is held in U.S. Treasury bills, all maturing in less than a year. That stake leaves Berkshire financing about 12 of 1% of the publicly-held national debt.Charlie and I have pledged that Berkshire (along with our subsidiaries other than BNSF and BHE) will always hold more than $30 billion of cash and equivalents. We want your company to be financially impregnable and never dependent on the kindness of strangers (or even that of friends). Both of us like to sleep soundly, and we want our creditors, insurance claimants and you to do so as well.But $144 billion?That imposing sum, I assure you, is not some deranged expression of patriotism. Nor have Charlie and I lost our overwhelming preference for business ownership. Indeed, I first manifested my enthusiasm for that 80 years ago, on March 11, 1942, when I purchased three shares of Cities Services preferred stock. Their cost was $114.75 and required all of my savings. (The Dow Jones Industrial Average that day closed at 99, a fact that should scream to you: Never bet against America.)After my initial plunge, I always kept at least 80% of my net worth in equities. My favored status throughout that period was 100% – and still is. Berkshire’s current 80%-or-so position in businesses is a consequence of my failure to find entire companies or small portions thereof (that is, marketable stocks) which meet our criteria for long- term holding.Charlie and I have endured similar cash-heavy positions from time to time in the past. These periods are never pleasant; they are also never permanent. And, fortunately, we have had a mildly attractive alternative during 2020 and 2021 for deploying capital. Read on.Share RepurchasesThere are three ways that we can increase the value of your investment. The first is always front and center in our minds: Increase the long-term earning power of Berkshire’s controlled businesses through internal growth or by making acquisitions. Today, internal opportunities deliver far better returns than acquisitions. The size of those opportunities, however, is small compared to Berkshire’s resources.Our second choice is to buy non-controlling part-interests in the many good or great businesses that are publicly traded. From time to time, such possibilities are both numerous and blatantly attractive. Today, though, we find little that excites us.That’s largely because of a truism: Long-term interest rates that are low push the prices of all productive investments upward, whether these are stocks, apartments, farms, oil wells, whatever. Other factors influence valuations as well, but interest rates will always be important.Our final path to value creation is to repurchase Berkshire shares. Through that simple act, we increase your share of the many controlled and non-controlled businesses Berkshire owns. When the price/value equation is right, this path is the easiest and most certain way for us to increase your wealth. (Alongside the accretion of value to continuing shareholders, a couple of other parties gain: Repurchases are modestly beneficial to the seller of the repurchased shares and to society as well.)Periodically, as alternative paths become unattractive, repurchases make good sense for Berkshire’s owners. During the past two years, we therefore repurchased 9% of the shares that were outstanding at yearend 2019 for a total cost of $51.7 billion. That expenditure left our continuing shareholders owning about 10% more of all Berkshire businesses, whether these are wholly-owned (such as BNSF and GEICO) or partly-owned (such as Coca-Cola and Moody’s).I want to underscore that for Berkshire repurchases to make sense, our shares must offer appropriate value. We don’t want to overpay for the shares of other companies, and it would be value-destroying if we were to overpay when we are buying Berkshire. As of February 23, 2022, since yearend we repurchased additional shares at a cost of $1.2 billion. Our appetite remains large but will always remain price-dependent.It should be noted that Berkshire’s buyback opportunities are limited because of its high-class investor base. If our shares were heavily held by short-term speculators, both price volatility and transaction volumes would materially increase. That kind of reshaping would offer us far greater opportunities for creating value by making repurchases. Nevertheless, Charlie and I far prefer the owners we have, even though their admirable buy-and-keep attitudes limit the extent to which long-term shareholders can profit from opportunistic repurchases.Finally, one easily-overlooked value calculation specific to Berkshire: As we’ve discussed, insurance “float” of the right sort is of great value to us. As it happens, repurchases automatically increase the amount of “float” per share. That figure has increased during the past two years by 25% – going from $79,387 per “A” share to $99,497, a meaningful gain that, as noted, owes some thanks to repurchases.A Wonderful Man and a Wonderful BusinessLast year, Paul Andrews died. Paul was the founder and CEO of TTI, a Fort Worth-based subsidiary of Berkshire. Throughout his life – in both his business and his personal pursuits – Paul quietly displayed all the qualities that Charlie and I admire. His story should be told.In 1971, Paul was working as a purchasing agent for General Dynamics when the roof fell in. After losing a huge defense contract, the company fired thousands of employees, including Paul.With his first child due soon, Paul decided to bet on himself, using $500 of his savings to found Tex-Tronics (later renamed TTI). The company set itself up to distribute small electronic components, and first-year sales totaled $112,000. Today, TTI markets more than one million different items with annual volume of $7.7 billion.But back to 2006: Paul, at 63, then found himself happy with his family, his job, and his associates. But he had one nagging worry, heightened because he had recently witnessed a friend’s early death and the disastrous results that followed for that man’s family and business. What, Paul asked himself in 2006, would happen to the many people depending on him if he should unexpectedly die?For a year, Paul wrestled with his options. Sell to a competitor? From a strictly economic viewpoint, that course made the most sense. After all, competitors could envision lucrative “synergies” – savings that would be achieved as the acquiror slashed duplicated functions at TTI.But . . . Such a purchaser would most certainly also retain its CFO, its legal counsel, its HR unit. Their TTI counterparts would therefore be sent packing. And ugh! If a new distribution center were to be needed, the acquirer’s home city would certainly be favored over Fort Worth.Whatever the financial benefits, Paul quickly concluded that selling to a competitor was not for him. He next considered seeking a financial buyer, a species once labeled – aptly so – a leveraged buyout firm. Paul knew, however, that such a purchaser would be focused on an “exit strategy.” And who could know what that would be? Brooding over it all, Paul found himself having no interest in handing his 35-year-old creation over to a reseller.When Paul met me, he explained why he had eliminated these two alternatives as buyers. He then summed up his dilemma by saying – in far more tactful phrasing than this – “After a year of pondering the alternatives, I want to sell to Berkshire because you are the only guy left.” So, I made an offer and Paul said “Yes.” One meeting; one lunch; one deal.To say we both lived happily ever after is an understatement. When Berkshire purchased TTI, the company employed 2,387. Now the number is 8,043. A large percentage of that growth took place in Fort Worth and environs. Earnings have increased 673%.Annually, I would call Paul and tell him his salary should be substantially increased. Annually, he would tell me, “We can talk about that next year, Warren; I’m too busy now.”When Greg Abel and I attended Paul’s memorial service, we met children, grandchildren, long-time associates (including TTI’s first employee) and John Roach, the former CEO of a Fort Worth company Berkshire had purchased in 2000. John had steered his friend Paul to Omaha, instinctively knowing we would be a match.At the service, Greg and I heard about the multitudes of people and organizations that Paul had silently supported. The breadth of his generosity was extraordinary – geared always to improving the lives of others, particularly those in Fort Worth.In all ways, Paul was a class act.* * * * * * * * * * * *Good luck – occasionally extraordinary luck – has played its part at Berkshire. If Paul and I had not enjoyed a mutual friend – John Roach – TTI would not have found its home with us. But that ample serving of luck was only the beginning. TTI was soon to lead Berkshire to its most important acquisition.Every fall, Berkshire directors gather for a presentation by a few of our executives. We sometimes choose the site based upon the location of a recent acquisition, by that means allowing directors to meet the new subsidiary’s CEO and learn more about the acquiree’s activities.In the fall of 2009, we consequently selected Fort Worth so that we could visit TTI. At that time, BNSF, which also had Fort Worth as its hometown, was the third-largest holding among our marketable equities. Despite that large stake, I had never visited the railroad’s headquarters.Deb Bosanek, my assistant, scheduled our board’s opening dinner for October 22. Meanwhile, I arranged to arrive earlier that day to meet with Matt Rose, CEO of BNSF, whose accomplishments I had long admired. When I made the date, I had no idea that our get-together would coincide with BNSF’s third-quarter earnings report, which was released late on the 22nd.The market reacted badly to the railroad’s results. The Great Recession was in full force in the third quarter, and BNSF’s earnings reflected that slump. The economic outlook was also bleak, and Wall Street wasn’t feeling friendly to railroads – or much else.On the following day, I again got together with Matt and suggested that Berkshire would offer the railroad a better long-term home than it could expect as a public company. I also told him the maximum price that Berkshire would pay.Matt relayed the offer to his directors and advisors. Eleven busy days later, Berkshire and BNSF announced a firm deal. And here I’ll venture a rare prediction: BNSF will be a key asset for Berkshire and our country a century from now.The BNSF acquisition would never have happened if Paul Andrews hadn’t sized up Berkshire as the right home for TTI.ThanksI taught my first investing class 70 years ago. Since then, I have enjoyed working almost every year with students of all ages, finally “retiring” from that pursuit in 2018.Along the way, my toughest audience was my grandson’s fifth-grade class. The 11-year-olds were squirming in their seats and giving me blank stares until I mentioned Coca-Cola and its famous secret formula. Instantly, every hand went up, and I learned that “secrets” are catnip to kids.Teaching, like writing, has helped me develop and clarify my own thoughts. Charlie calls this phenomenon the orangutan effect: If you sit down with an orangutan and carefully explain to it one of your cherished ideas, you may leave behind a puzzled primate, but will yourself exit thinking more clearly.Talking to university students is far superior. I have urged that they seek employment in (1) the field and (2) with the kind of people they would select, if they had no need for money. Economic realities, I acknowledge, may interfere with that kind of search. Even so, I urge the students never to give up the quest, for when they find that sort of job, they will no longer be “working.”Charlie and I, ourselves, followed that liberating course after a few early stumbles. We both started as part- timers at my grandfather’s grocery store, Charlie in 1940 and I in 1942. We were each assigned boring tasks and paid little, definitely not what we had in mind. Charlie later took up law, and I tried selling securities. Job satisfaction continued to elude us.Finally, at Berkshire, we found what we love to do. With very few exceptions, we have now “worked” for many decades with people whom we like and trust. It’s a joy in life to join with managers such as Paul Andrews or the Berkshire families I told you about last year. In our home office, we employ decent and talented people – no jerks. Turnover averages, perhaps, one person per year.I would like, however, to emphasize a further item that turns our jobs into fun and satisfaction workingfor you. There is nothing more rewarding to Charlie and me than enjoying the trust of individual long-term shareholders who, for many decades, have joined us with the expectation that we would be a reliable custodian of their funds.Obviously, we can’t select our owners, as we could do if our form of operation were a partnership. Anyone can buy shares of Berkshire today with the intention of soon reselling them. For sure, we get a few of that type of shareholder, just as we get index funds that own huge amounts of Berkshire simply because they are required to do so.To a truly unusual degree, however, Berkshire has as owners a very large corps of individuals and families that have elected to join us with an intent approaching “til death do us part.” Often, they have trusted us with a large – some might say excessive – portion of their savings.Berkshire, these shareholders would sometimes acknowledge, might be far from the best selection they could have made. But they would add that Berkshire would rank high among those with which they would be most comfortable. And people who are comfortable with their investments will, on average, achieve better results than those who are motivated by ever-changing headlines, chatter and promises.Long-term individual owners are both the “partners” Charlie and I have always sought and the ones we constantly have in mind as we make decisions at Berkshire. To them we say, “It feels good to ‘work’ for you, and you have our thanks for your trust.”The Annual MeetingClear your calendar! Berkshire will have its annual gathering of capitalists in Omaha on Friday, April 29th through Sunday, May 1st. The details regarding the weekend are laid out on pages A-1 and A-2. Omaha eagerly awaits you, as do I.I will end this letter with a sales pitch. “Cousin” Jimmy Buffett has designed a pontoon “party” boat that is now being manufactured by Forest River, a Berkshire subsidiary. The boat will be introduced on April 29 at our Berkshire Bazaar of Bargains. And, for two days only, shareholders will be able to purchase Jimmy’s masterpiece at a 10% discount. Your bargain-hunting chairman will be buying a boat for his family’s use. Join me.February 26, 2022Warren E. Buffett Chairman of the Board","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"BRK.A":0.9,"BRK.B":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":2687,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":636596584,"gmtCreate":1645975308905,"gmtModify":1646012130614,"author":{"id":"4090372448888540","authorId":"4090372448888540","name":"winfredcth","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c465570918f25ab6c6a51f818aeceaf0","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"4090372448888540","idStr":"4090372448888540"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"gd","listText":"gd","text":"gd","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/636596584","repostId":"1125580913","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1125580913","kind":"news","weMediaInfo":{"introduction":"Providing stock market headlines, business news, financials and earnings ","home_visible":1,"media_name":"Tiger Newspress","id":"1079075236","head_image":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba"},"pubTimestamp":1645926503,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1125580913?lang=zh_CN&edition=full","pubTime":"2022-02-27 09:48","market":"us","language":"en","title":"Buffett Full Annual Letter：Apple is One of ‘Four Giants’ Driving the Conglomerate’s Value<blockquote>巴菲特完整年度信：苹果是推动巴菲特价值的“四大巨头”之一</blockquote>","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1125580913","media":"Tiger Newspress","summary":"Warren Buffett released his annual letter to Berkshire Hathaway shareholders on Saturday. The 91-yea","content":"<p><html><head></head><body>Warren Buffett released his annual letter to Berkshire Hathaway shareholders on Saturday. The 91-year-old investing legend has been publishing the letter for over six decades and it has become required reading for investors around the world.</p><p><blockquote><html><head></head><body>沃伦·巴菲特周六发布了致伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司股东的年度信。这位91岁的投资传奇人物已经出版这封信60多年了，它已成为世界各地投资者的必读书目。</body></html></blockquote></p><p>Warren Buffett said he now considers tech giant Apple as one of the four pillars driving Berkshire Hathaway, the conglomerate of mostly old-economy businesses he’s assembled over the last five decades.</p><p><blockquote>沃伦·巴菲特表示，他现在认为科技巨头苹果是推动伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司的四大支柱之一，伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司是沃伦·巴菲特在过去50年里组建的主要由旧经济企业组成的企业集团。</blockquote></p><p>In his annual letter to shareholders released on Saturday, the 91-year-old investing legend listed Apple under the heading “Our Four Giants” and even called the company the second-most important after Berkshire’s cluster of insurers, thanks to its chief executive.</p><p><blockquote>在周六发布的致股东的年度信中，这位91岁的投资传奇人物将苹果列为“我们的四大巨头”，甚至称该公司是仅次于伯克希尔保险集团的第二大保险公司，这要归功于伯克希尔的首席执行官。</blockquote></p><p>“Tim Cook, Apple’s brilliant CEO, quite properly regards users of Apple products as his first love, but all of his other constituencies benefit from Tim’s managerial touch as well,” the letter stated.</p><p><blockquote>信中写道：“苹果才华横溢的首席执行官蒂姆·库克非常恰当地将苹果产品的用户视为他的初恋，但他的所有其他支持者也受益于蒂姆的管理风格。”</blockquote></p><p>Buffett made clear he is a fan of Cook’s stock repurchase strategy, and how it gives the conglomerate increased ownership of each dollar of the iPhone maker’s earnings without the investor having to lift a finger.</p><p><blockquote>巴菲特明确表示，他是库克股票回购策略的粉丝，以及该策略如何让该集团增加对这家iPhone制造商每一美元收益的所有权，而投资者无需动一根手指。</blockquote></p><p>“Apple – our runner-up Giant as measured by its yearend market value – is a different sort of holding. Here, our ownership is a mere 5.55%, up from 5.39% a year earlier,” Buffett said in the letter. “That increase sounds like small potatoes. But consider that each 0.1% of Apple’s 2021 earnings amounted to $100 million. We spent no Berkshire funds to gain our accretion. Apple’s repurchases did the job.”</p><p><blockquote>巴菲特在信中表示：“以年终市值衡量，苹果是我们的第二大巨头。在这里，我们的持股比例仅为5.55%，高于一年前的5.39%。”“这一增长听起来像是小巫见大巫。但考虑到苹果2021年盈利的0.1%相当于1亿美元。我们没有花费伯克希尔的资金来获得增长。苹果的回购完成了这项工作。”</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire began buying Apple stock in 2016 under the influence of Buffett’s investing deputies Todd Combs and Ted Weschler. By mid-2018, the conglomerate accumulated 5% ownership of the iPhone maker, a stake that cost $36 billion. Today, the Apple investment is now worth more than $160 billion, taking up 40% of Berkshire’s equity portfolio.</p><p><blockquote>在巴菲特投资副手Todd Combs和Ted Weschler的影响下，Berkshire于2016年开始买入苹果股票。到2018年中期，该集团积累了这家iPhone制造商5%的股份，价值360亿美元。如今，苹果的投资价值超过1600亿美元，占伯克希尔股票投资组合的40%。</blockquote></p><p>“It’s important to understand that only dividends from Apple are counted in the GAAP earnings Berkshire reports – and last year, Apple paid us $785 million of those. Yet our ‘share’ of Apple’s earnings amounted to a staggering $5.6 billion. Much of what the company retained was used to repurchase Apple shares, an act we applaud,” Buffett said.</p><p><blockquote>“重要的是要明白，伯克希尔的GAAP收益报告中只有苹果的股息被计算在内——去年，苹果支付了其中的7.85亿美元。然而，我们在苹果收益中的‘份额’达到了惊人的56亿美元。公司保留的大部分资金用于回购苹果股票，我们对此表示赞赏。”</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire is Apple’s largest shareholder, outside of index and exchange-traded fund providers.</p><p><blockquote>除了指数和交易所交易基金提供商之外，Berkshire是苹果最大的股东。</blockquote></p><p>Buffett also credited his railroad business BNSF and energy segment BHE as two other giants of the conglomerate, which both registered record earnings in 2021.</p><p><blockquote>巴菲特还将他的铁路业务BNSF和能源部门BHE视为该集团的另外两家巨头，这两家公司在2021年的盈利均创历史新高。</blockquote></p><p>“BNSF, our third Giant, continues to be the number one artery of American commerce, which makes it an indispensable asset for America as well as for Berkshire,” Buffett said. “BHE has become a utility powerhouse and a leading force in wind, solar and transmission throughout much of the United States.”</p><p><blockquote>巴菲特表示：“我们的第三大巨头BNSF仍然是美国商业的第一大动脉，这使其成为美国和伯克希尔不可或缺的资产。”“BHE已成为美国大部分地区的公用事业巨头以及风能、太阳能和输电领域的主导力量。”</blockquote></p><p><b>Read the full letter here：</b></p><p><blockquote><b>在这里阅读完整的信：</b></blockquote></p><p>To the Shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.:</p><p><blockquote>致伯克希尔哈撒韦公司股东：</blockquote></p><p>Charlie Munger, my long-time partner, and I have the job of managing a portion of your savings. We are honored by your trust.</p><p><blockquote>我的长期合伙人查理·芒格和我的工作是管理你的一部分储蓄。我们很荣幸得到你的信任。</blockquote></p><p>Our position carries with it the responsibility to report to you what we would like to know if we were the absentee owner and you were the manager. We enjoy communicating directly with you through this annual letter, and through the annual meeting as well.</p><p><blockquote>如果我们是缺席的所有者，而您是经理，我们的职位有责任向您报告我们想知道的信息。我们喜欢通过这封年度信函和年会直接与您交流。</blockquote></p><p>Our policy is to treat all shareholders equally. Therefore, we do not hold discussions with analysts nor large institutions. Whenever possible, also, we release important communications on Saturday mornings in order to maximize the time for shareholders and the media to absorb the news before markets open on Monday.</p><p><blockquote>我们的政策是平等对待所有股东。因此，我们不与分析师或大型机构进行讨论。此外，只要有可能，我们会在周六上午发布重要信息，以便最大限度地让股东和媒体在周一开市前有时间了解新闻。</blockquote></p><p>A wealth of Berkshire facts and figures are set forth in the annual 10-K that the company regularly files with the S.E.C. and that we reproduce on pages K-1 – K-119. Some shareholders will find this detail engrossing; others will simply prefer to learn what Charlie and I believe is new or interesting at Berkshire.</p><p><blockquote>伯克希尔定期向美国证券交易委员会提交的年度10-K报告中列出了大量事实和数据。我们在K-1-K-119页复制了这一点。一些股东会发现这个细节引人入胜；其他人则更愿意了解查理和我认为伯克希尔的新事物或有趣之处。</blockquote></p><p>Alas, there was little action of that sort in 2021. We did, though, make reasonable progress in increasing the intrinsic value of your shares. That task has been my primary duty for 57 years. And it will continue to be.</p><p><blockquote>唉，2021年几乎没有这样的行动。不过，我们在增加您股票的内在价值方面确实取得了合理的进展。57年来，这项任务一直是我的主要职责。并将继续如此。</blockquote></p><p><b>What You Own</b></p><p><blockquote><b>你拥有什么</b></blockquote></p><p>Berkshire owns a wide variety of businesses, some in their entirety, some only in part. The second group largely consists of marketable common stocks of major American companies. Additionally, we own a few non-U.S. equities and participate in several joint ventures or other collaborative activities.</p><p><blockquote>伯克希尔拥有各种各样的业务，有些是全部，有些只是部分。第二组主要由美国大公司的有价证券普通股组成。此外，我们拥有一些非美国股票，并参与多家合资企业或其他合作活动。</blockquote></p><p>Whatever our form of ownership, our goal is to have meaningful investments in businesses with both durable economic advantages and a first-class CEO. Please note particularly that we own stocks based upon our expectations about their long-term business performance and not because we view them as vehicles for timely market moves. That point is crucial: Charlie and I are not stock-pickers; we are business-pickers.</p><p><blockquote>无论我们的所有权形式如何，我们的目标都是对既有持久经济优势又有一流首席执行官的企业进行有意义的投资。请特别注意，我们持有股票是基于我们对其长期业务表现的预期，而不是因为我们将它们视为及时市场波动的工具。这一点至关重要：查理和我不是选股者；我们是挑选生意的人。</blockquote></p><p></p><p>I make many mistakes. Consequently, our extensive collection of businesses includes some enterprises that have truly extraordinary economics, many others that enjoy good economic characteristics, and a few that are marginal. One advantage of our common-stock segment is that – on occasion – it becomes easy to buy pieces of wonderful businesses at wonderful prices. That shooting-fish-in-a-barrel experience is very rare in negotiated transactions and never occurs en masse. It is also far easier to exit from a mistake when it has been made in the marketable arena.</p><p><blockquote>我犯了很多错误。因此，我们广泛收集的企业包括一些具有真正非凡经济效益的企业，许多其他享有良好经济特征的企业，以及少数边缘企业。我们普通股部门的一个优势是——有时——以优惠的价格购买精彩的业务变得很容易。这种在谈判交易中射鱼的经历非常罕见，而且永远不会集体发生。当错误发生在市场舞台上时，从错误中退出也要容易得多。</blockquote></p><p><h2><b>Surprise, Surprise</b></h2>Here are a few items about your company that often surprise even seasoned investors:</p><p><blockquote><h2><b>惊喜，惊喜</b></h2>以下是有关贵公司的一些事项，即使是经验丰富的投资者也常常感到惊讶：</blockquote></p><p>• Many people perceive Berkshire as a large and somewhat strange collection of financial assets. In truth, Berkshire owns and operates more U.S.-based “infrastructure” assets – classified on our balance sheet as property, plant and equipment – than are owned and operated by any other American corporation. That supremacy has never been our goal. It has, however, become a fact.</p><p><blockquote>•许多人认为伯克希尔是一个庞大而有些奇怪的金融资产集合体。事实上，伯克希尔拥有和经营的美国“基础设施”资产（在我们的资产负债表上归类为财产、厂房和设备）比任何其他美国公司拥有和经营的都多。这种霸权从来都不是我们的目标。然而，这已经成为事实。</blockquote></p><p>At yearend, those domestic infrastructure assets were carried on Berkshire’s balance sheet at $158 billion. That number increased last year and will continue to increase. Berkshire always will be building.</p><p><blockquote>截至年底，这些国内基础设施资产在伯克希尔资产负债表上的价值为1580亿美元。这一数字去年有所增加，并将继续增加。伯克希尔将永远在建设。</blockquote></p><p>• Every year, your company makes substantial federal income tax payments. In 2021, for example, we paid</p><p><blockquote>•您的公司每年都要缴纳大量的联邦所得税。例如，在2021年，我们支付了</blockquote></p><p>$3.3 billion while the U.S. Treasury reported total corporate income-tax receipts of $402 billion. Additionally, Berkshire pays substantial state and foreign taxes. “I gave at the office” is an unassailable assertion when made by Berkshire shareholders.</p><p><blockquote>33亿美元，而美国财政部报告的企业所得税总收入为4020亿美元。此外，伯克希尔还要缴纳大量的州税和外国税。“我在办公室给了”是伯克希尔股东不容置疑的断言。</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire’s history vividly illustrates the invisible and often unrecognized financial partnership between  government and American businesses. Our tale begins early in 1955, when Berkshire Fine Spinning and Hathaway Manufacturing agreed to merge their businesses. In their requests for shareholder approval, these venerable New England textile companies expressed high hopes for the combination.</p><p><blockquote>伯克希尔的历史生动地说明了政府和美国企业之间看不见的、往往不被认可的金融伙伴关系。我们的故事始于1955年初，当时伯克希尔精细纺纱公司和哈撒韦制造公司同意合并他们的业务。在请求股东批准的请求中，这些历史悠久的新英格兰纺织公司对合并寄予厚望。</blockquote></p><p>The Hathaway solicitation, for example, assured its shareholders that “The combination of the resources and managements will result in one of the strongest and most efficient organizations in the textile industry.” That upbeat view was endorsed by the company’s advisor, Lehman Brothers (yes, that Lehman Brothers).</p><p><blockquote>例如，哈撒韦公司的招标向其股东保证，“资源和管理的结合将产生纺织行业最强大、最高效的组织之一。”这种乐观的观点得到了该公司顾问雷曼兄弟（是的，就是雷曼兄弟）的认可。</blockquote></p><p>I’m sure it was a joyous day in both Fall River (Berkshire) and New Bedford (Hathaway) when the union was consummated. After the bands stopped playing and the bankers went home, however, the shareholders reaped a disaster.</p><p><blockquote>我敢肯定，当联盟完成时，福尔里弗（伯克郡）和新贝德福德（哈撒韦）都是欢乐的一天。然而，在乐队停止演奏、银行家们回家后，股东们却收获了一场灾难。</blockquote></p><p>In the nine years following the merger, Berkshire’s owners watched the company’s net worth crater from</p><p><blockquote>在合并后的九年里，伯克希尔的所有者眼睁睁地看着公司的净资产从</blockquote></p><p>$51.4 million to $22.1 million. In part, this decline was caused by stock repurchases, ill-advised dividends and plant shutdowns. But nine years of effort by many thousands of employees delivered an operating loss as well. Berkshire’s struggles were not unusual: The New England textile industry had silently entered an extended and non-reversible death march.</p><p><blockquote>5140万美元至2210万美元。这种下降在一定程度上是由股票回购、不明智的股息和工厂关闭造成的。但数千名员工九年的努力也带来了运营亏损。伯克希尔的挣扎并不罕见：新英格兰纺织业已经悄然进入了漫长且不可逆转的死亡行军。</blockquote></p><p>During the nine post-merger years, the U.S. Treasury suffered as well from Berkshire’s troubles. All told, the company paid the government only $337,359 in income tax during that period – a pathetic $100 per day.</p><p><blockquote>在合并后的九年里，美国财政部也遭受了伯克希尔的麻烦。在此期间，该公司总共只向政府缴纳了337,359美元的所得税——每天只有可怜的100美元。</blockquote></p><p>Early in 1965, things changed. Berkshire installed new management that redeployed available cash and steered essentially all earnings into a variety of good businesses, most of which remained good through the years. Coupling reinvestment of earnings with the power of compounding worked its magic, and shareholders prospered.</p><p><blockquote>1965年初，情况发生了变化。伯克希尔任命了新的管理层，重新部署了可用现金，并将基本上所有收益转移到各种良好的业务中，其中大多数业务多年来一直保持良好状态。将收益再投资与复利的力量结合起来发挥了它的魔力，股东们也因此繁荣起来。</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire’s owners, it should be noted, were not the only beneficiary of that course correction. Their “silent partner,” the U.S. Treasury, proceeded to collect many tens of billions of dollars from the company in income tax payments. Remember the $100 daily? Now, Berkshire pays roughly $9 million daily to the Treasury.</p><p><blockquote>应该指出的是，伯克希尔的所有者并不是这一路线调整的唯一受益者。他们的“沉默伙伴”，美国财政部，继续从该公司收取数百亿美元的所得税。还记得每天100美元吗？现在，伯克希尔每天向财政部支付大约900万美元。</blockquote></p><p>In fairness to our governmental partner, our shareholders should acknowledge – indeed trumpet – the fact that Berkshire’s prosperity has been fostered mightily because the company has operated in America. Our country would have done splendidly in the years since 1965 without Berkshire. Absent our American home, however, Berkshire would never have come close to becoming what it is today. When you see the flag, say thanks.</p><p><blockquote>为我们的政府合作伙伴说句公道话，我们的股东应该承认——事实上是鼓吹——这样一个事实：伯克希尔的繁荣得到了极大的促进，因为该公司在美国运营。如果没有伯克希尔，我们的国家在1965年以来的几年里会做得非常出色。然而，如果没有我们的美国家园，伯克希尔永远不会成为今天的样子。当你看到旗子时，说声谢谢。</blockquote></p><p>• From an $8.6 million purchase of National Indemnity in 1967, Berkshire has become the world leader in insurance “float” – money we hold and can invest but that does not belong to us. Including a relatively small sum derived from life insurance, Berkshire’s total float has grown from $19 million when we entered the insurance business to $147 billion.</p><p><blockquote>1967年，伯克希尔斥资860万美元收购了美国国家赔偿公司（National Indemnity），如今已成为保险“浮动”（float）领域的全球领导者——我们持有并可以投资但不属于我们的资金。包括来自人寿保险的相对较小的金额在内，伯克希尔的总流通量已从我们进入保险业务时的1900万美元增长到1470亿美元。</blockquote></p><p>So far, this float has cost us less than nothing. Though we have experienced a number of years when insurance losses combined with operating expenses exceeded premiums, overall we have earned a modest 55-year profit from the underwriting activities that generated our float.</p><p><blockquote>到目前为止，这辆彩车让我们付出了不到一分钱的代价。尽管我们经历了多年保险损失加上运营费用超过保费的情况，但总体而言，我们从产生流通量的承保活动中获得了55年的适度利润。</blockquote></p><p></p><p>Of equal importance, float is very sticky. Funds attributable to our insurance operations come and go daily, but their aggregate total is immune from precipitous decline. When it comes to investing float, we can therefore think long-term.</p><p><blockquote>同样重要的是，浮子非常粘。归属于我们保险业务的资金每天来来去去，但其总额不会急剧下降。因此，在投资流通量时，我们可以从长计议。</blockquote></p><p>If you are not already familiar with the concept of float, I refer you to a long explanation on page A-5. To my surprise, our float increased $9 billion last year, a buildup of value that is important to Berkshire owners though is not reflected in our GAAP (“generally-accepted accounting principles”) presentation of earnings and net worth.</p><p><blockquote>如果你还不熟悉浮点的概念，我建议你参考A-5页的长篇解释。令我惊讶的是，我们的流通量去年增加了90亿美元，这一价值的积累对伯克希尔所有者来说很重要，但并未反映在我们的GAAP（“公认会计原则”）收益和净值列报中。</blockquote></p><p>Much of our huge value creation in insurance is attributable to Berkshire’s good luck in my 1986 hiring of Ajit Jain. We first met on a Saturday morning, and I quickly asked Ajit what his insurance experience had been. He replied, “None.”</p><p><blockquote>我们在保险业创造的巨大价值很大程度上要归功于伯克希尔的好运，我在1986年聘请了阿吉特·贾恩。我们第一次见面是在一个周六的早上，我很快问阿吉特他的保险经历是什么。他回答说：“没有。”</blockquote></p><p>I said, “Nobody’s perfect,” and hired him. That was my lucky day: Ajit actually was as perfect a choice as could have been made. Better yet, he continues to be – 35 years later.</p><p><blockquote>我说，“人无完人”，就雇了他。那是我的幸运日：阿吉特实际上是一个完美的选择。更好的是，35年后，他仍然是。</blockquote></p><p>One final thought about insurance: I believe that it is likely – but far from assured – that Berkshire’s float can be maintained without our incurring a long-term underwriting loss. I am certain, however, that there will be some years when we experience such losses, perhaps involving very large sums.</p><p><blockquote>关于保险的最后一个想法：我相信伯克希尔哈撒韦公司的流通股很可能——但远不能确定——能够在不遭受长期承保损失的情况下维持下去。然而，我确信，我们将在未来几年经历这种损失，可能涉及非常大的金额。</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire is constructed to handle catastrophic events as no other insurer – and that priority will remain long after Charlie and I are gone.</p><p><blockquote>伯克希尔在处理灾难性事件方面的能力与其他保险公司不同——在查理和我离开后很长一段时间内，这一优先事项仍将继续存在。</blockquote></p><p><h2>Our Four Giants</h2>Through Berkshire, our shareholders own many dozens of businesses. Some of these, in turn, have a collection of subsidiaries of their own. For example, Marmon has more than 100 individual business operations, ranging from the leasing of railroad cars to the manufacture of medical devices.</p><p><blockquote><h2>我们的四大巨头</h2>通过伯克希尔，我们的股东拥有数十家企业。反过来，其中一些又有自己的子公司。例如，Marmon拥有100多项个体业务，从铁路车辆租赁到医疗设备制造。</blockquote></p><p>• Nevertheless, operations of our “Big Four” companies account for a very large chunk of Berkshire’s value. Leading this list is our cluster of insurers. Berkshire effectively owns 100% of this group, whose massive float value we earlier described. The invested assets of these insurers are further enlarged by the extraordinary amount of capital we invest to back up their promises.</p><p><blockquote>·尽管如此，我们的“四大”公司的运营在伯克希尔的价值中占了非常大的一块。领先的是我们的保险公司集群。伯克希尔实际上拥有该集团100%的股份，其巨大的流通价值我们之前描述过。我们为支持这些保险公司的承诺而投入的大量资本进一步扩大了这些保险公司的投资资产。</blockquote></p><p>The insurance business is made to order for Berkshire. The product will never be obsolete, and sales volume will generally increase along with both economic growth and inflation. Also, integrity and capital will forever be important. Our company can and will behave well.</p><p><blockquote>保险业务是为伯克希尔定制的。该产品永远不会过时，销量通常会随着经济增长和通货膨胀而增加。此外，诚信和资本永远很重要。我们公司能够也将会表现良好。</blockquote></p><p>There are, of course, other insurers with excellent business models and prospects. Replication of Berkshire’s operation, however, would be almost impossible.</p><p><blockquote>当然，还有其他保险公司拥有出色的商业模式和前景。然而，复制伯克希尔的运作几乎是不可能的。</blockquote></p><p>• Apple – our runner-up Giant as measured by its yearend market value – is a different sort of holding. Here, our ownership is a mere 5.55%, up from 5.39% a year earlier. That increase sounds like small potatoes. But consider that each 0.1% of Apple’s 2021 earnings amounted to $100 million. We spent no Berkshire funds to gain our accretion. Apple’s repurchases did the job.</p><p><blockquote>·苹果——以年终市值衡量，它是我们的第二大巨头——是一种不同的持股类型。在这里，我们的持股比例仅为5.55%，高于一年前的5.39%。这种增长听起来像是小事。但考虑到苹果2021年盈利的0.1%总计1亿美元。我们没有花费伯克希尔的资金来获得我们的增长。苹果的回购起到了作用。</blockquote></p><p>It’s important to understand that only dividends from Apple are counted in the GAAP earnings Berkshire reports – and last year, Apple paid us $785 million of those. Yet our “share” of Apple’s earnings amounted to a staggering $5.6 billion. Much of what the company retained was used to repurchase Apple shares, an act we applaud. Tim Cook, Apple’s brilliant CEO, quite properly regards users of Apple products as his first love, but all of his other constituencies benefit from Tim’s managerial touch as well.</p><p><blockquote>重要的是要明白，伯克希尔的GAAP收益报告中只有苹果的股息被计算在内——去年，苹果支付了其中的7.85亿美元。然而，我们在苹果收益中的“份额”达到了惊人的56亿美元。该公司保留的大部分资金用于回购苹果股票，我们对此表示赞赏。苹果杰出的首席执行官蒂姆·库克（Tim Cook）非常恰当地将苹果产品的用户视为他的初恋，但他的所有其他支持者也受益于蒂姆的管理风格。</blockquote></p><p>• BNSF, our third Giant, continues to be the number one artery of American commerce, which makes it an indispensable asset for America as well as for Berkshire. If the many essential products BNSF carries were instead hauled by truck, America’s carbon emissions would soar.</p><p><blockquote>•我们的第三大巨头BNSF仍然是美国商业的头号动脉，这使它成为美国和伯克希尔不可或缺的资产。如果BNSF运输的许多基本产品改为用卡车运输，美国的碳排放量将会飙升。</blockquote></p><p>Your railroad had record earnings of $6 billion in 2021. Here, it should be noted, we are talking about the old-fashioned sort of earnings that we favor: a figure calculated after interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and all forms of compensation. (Our definition suggests a warning: Deceptive “adjustments” to earnings – to use a polite description – have become both more frequent and more fanciful as stocks have risen. Speaking less politely, I would say that bull markets breed bloviated bull )</p><p><blockquote>你们的铁路在2021年的收入达到了创纪录的60亿美元。这里应该指出的是，我们谈论的是我们喜欢的老式收入：扣除利息、税收、折旧、摊销和所有形式的补偿后计算的数字。（我们的定义暗示了一个警告：随着股市上涨，欺骗性的盈利“调整”——用礼貌的描述——变得越来越频繁，也越来越异想天开。不那么礼貌地说，我会说牛市滋生了混乱的牛市）</blockquote></p><p>BNSF trains traveled 143 million miles last year and carried 535 million tons of cargo. Both accomplishments far exceed those of any other American carrier. You can be proud of your railroad.</p><p><blockquote>BNSF列车去年行驶了1.43亿英里，运载了5.35亿吨货物。这两项成就都远远超过了任何其他美国航空公司。你可以为你的铁路感到骄傲。</blockquote></p><p>• BHE, our final Giant, earned a record $4 billion in 2021. That’s up more than 30-fold from the $122 million earned in 2000, the year that Berkshire first purchased a BHE stake. Now, Berkshire owns 91.1% of the company.</p><p><blockquote>•我们最后的巨头BHE在2021年赚了创纪录的40亿美元。这比2000年（伯克希尔哈撒韦公司首次购买BHE股份的那一年）的1.22亿美元收入增长了30多倍。现在，伯克希尔拥有该公司91.1%的股份。</blockquote></p><p></p><p>BHE’s record of societal accomplishment is as remarkable as its financial performance. The company had no wind or solar generation in 2000. It was then regarded simply as a relatively new and minor participant in the huge electric utility industry. Subsequently, under David Sokol’s and Greg Abel’s leadership, BHE has become a utility powerhouse (no groaning, please) and a leading force in wind, solar and transmission throughout much of the United States.</p><p><blockquote>BHE的社会成就记录与其财务表现一样引人注目。该公司在2000年没有风能或太阳能发电。当时，它只是被视为庞大的电力行业中一个相对较新的次要参与者。随后，在David Sokol和Greg Abel的领导下，BHE已成为一家公用事业巨头（请不要呻吟）以及美国大部分地区风能、太阳能和输电领域的主导力量。</blockquote></p><p>Greg’s report on these accomplishments appears on pages A-3 and A-4. The profile you will find there is not in any way one of those currently-fashionable “green-washing” stories. BHE has been faithfully detailing its plans and performance in renewables and transmissions every year since 2007.</p><p><blockquote>格雷格关于这些成就的报告出现在A-3和A-4页。你会在那里找到的简介绝不是那些当前流行的“洗绿”故事。自2007年以来，BHE每年都忠实地详细介绍其在可再生能源和输电方面的计划和业绩。</blockquote></p><p>To further review this information, visit BHE’s website at brkenergy.com. There, you will see that the company has long been making climate-conscious moves that soak up all of its earnings. More opportunities lie ahead. BHE has the management, the experience, the capital and the appetite for the huge power projects that our country needs.</p><p><blockquote>要进一步查看这些信息，请访问BHE在brkenergy.com的网站。在那里，你会看到该公司长期以来一直在采取气候意识举措，吸收了其所有收益。更多的机会就在前方。BHE拥有我国所需的管理、经验、资金和巨大电力项目的胃口。</blockquote></p><p><h2>Investments</h2>Now let’s talk about companies we don’t control, a list that again references Apple. Below we list our fifteen largest equity holdings, several of which are selections of Berkshire’s two long-time investment managers, Todd Combs and Ted Weschler. At yearend, this valued pair had total authority in respect to $34 billion of investments, many of which do not meet the threshold value we use in the table. Also, a significant portion of the dollars that Todd and Ted manage are lodged in various pension plans of Berkshire-owned businesses, with the assets of these plans not included in this table.</p><p><blockquote><h2>投资</h2>现在让我们谈谈我们不控制的公司，这份名单再次提到了苹果。下面我们列出了我们持有的15只最大的股票，其中几只是伯克希尔的两位长期投资经理托德·库姆斯和特德·韦施勒的精选。截至年底，这对有价值的投资拥有340亿美元投资的总权限，其中许多投资不符合我们在表中使用的阈值。此外，托德和特德管理的很大一部分资金存入伯克希尔旗下企业的各种养老金计划，这些计划的资产不包括在本表中。</blockquote></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d43587e9f59c0ff76e6c04c6bf9af324\" tg-width=\"1047\" tg-height=\"530\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>* This is our actual purchase price and also our tax basis.</p><p><blockquote>*这是我们的实际购买价格，也是我们的计税基础。</blockquote></p><p>** Held by BHE; consequently, Berkshire shareholders have only a 91.1% interest in this position.</p><p><blockquote>**由BHE持有；因此，伯克希尔股东在该职位上仅拥有91.1%的权益。</blockquote></p><p>*** Includes a $10 billion investment in Occidental Petroleum, consisting of preferred stock and warrants to buy common stock, a combination now being valued at $10.7 billion.</p><p><blockquote>***包括对西方石油公司100亿美元的投资，包括优先股和购买普通股的认股权证，目前这一组合的价值为107亿美元。</blockquote></p><p>In addition to the footnoted Occidental holding and our various common-stock positions, Berkshire also owns a 26.6% interest in Kraft Heinz (accounted for on the “equity” method, not market value, and carried at $13.1 billion) and 38.6% of Pilot Corp., a leader in travel centers that had revenues last year of $45 billion.</p><p><blockquote>除了脚注中提到的Occidental holding和我们的各种普通股头寸之外，Berkshire还拥有卡夫亨氏26.6%的权益（按“权益”法核算，而不是市值，账面价值为131亿美元）和Pilot Corp.38.6%的权益，Pilot Corp.是旅游中心的领导者，去年的收入为450亿美元。</blockquote></p><p>Since we purchased our Pilot stake in 2017, this holding has warranted “equity” accounting treatment. Early in 2023, Berkshire will purchase an additional interest in Pilot that will raise our ownership to 80% and lead to our fully consolidating Pilot’s earnings, assets and liabilities in our financial statements.</p><p><blockquote>自从我们在2017年购买了我们的试点股份以来，这种持股已经保证了“权益”会计处理。2023年初，伯克希尔将购买Pilot的额外权益，这将使我们的所有权提高到80%，并使我们在财务报表中完全合并Pilot的收益、资产和负债。</blockquote></p><p><h2>U.S. Treasury Bills</h2>Berkshire’s balance sheet includes $144 billion of cash and cash equivalents (excluding the holdings of BNSF and BHE). Of this sum, $120 billion is held in U.S. Treasury bills, all maturing in less than a year. That stake leaves Berkshire financing about 12 of 1% of the publicly-held national debt.</p><p><blockquote><h2>美国国库券</h2>伯克希尔的资产负债表包括1440亿美元的现金和现金等价物（不包括持有的BNSF和BHE）。其中，1200亿美元是美国国库券，全部在不到一年的时间内到期。这些股份使伯克希尔哈撒韦公司为公共持有的国债的1%中的约12提供融资。</blockquote></p><p>Charlie and I have pledged that Berkshire (along with our subsidiaries other than BNSF and BHE) will always hold more than $30 billion of cash and equivalents. We want your company to be financially impregnable and never dependent on the kindness of strangers (or even that of friends). Both of us like to sleep soundly, and we want our creditors, insurance claimants and you to do so as well.</p><p><blockquote>查理和我承诺，伯克希尔（连同我们除BNSF和BHE之外的子公司）将始终持有超过300亿美元的现金和等价物。我们希望你的公司在财务上坚不可摧，永远不要依赖陌生人（甚至朋友）的善意。我们都喜欢睡得很香，我们希望我们的债权人、保险索赔人和你也这样做。</blockquote></p><p><h2>But $144 billion?</h2>That imposing sum, I assure you, is not some deranged expression of patriotism. Nor have Charlie and I lost our overwhelming preference for business ownership. Indeed, I first manifested my enthusiasm for that 80 years ago, on March 11, 1942, when I purchased three shares of Cities Services preferred stock. Their cost was $114.75 and required all of my savings. (The Dow Jones Industrial Average that day closed at 99, a fact that should scream to you: Never bet against America.)</p><p><blockquote><h2>但是1440亿美元？</h2>我向你保证，这笔巨额资金并不是某种疯狂的爱国主义表达。查理和我也没有失去对企业所有权的压倒性偏好。事实上，80年前的1942年3月11日，我第一次表现出了我对此的热情，当时我购买了三股城市服务公司的优先股。它们的成本是114.75美元，需要我所有的积蓄。（道琼斯工业平均指数当天收于99点，这个事实应该让你尖叫：永远不要做空美国。）</blockquote></p><p>After my initial plunge, I always kept at least 80% of my net worth in equities. My favored status throughout that period was 100% – and still is. Berkshire’s current 80%-or-so position in businesses is a consequence of my failure to find entire companies or small portions thereof (that is, marketable stocks) which meet our criteria for long- term holding.</p><p><blockquote>在我最初的暴跌之后，我总是将至少80%的净资产投资于股票。在那段时间里，我最喜欢的状态是100%——现在仍然如此。伯克希尔目前80%左右的企业头寸是我未能找到符合我们长期持有标准的整个公司或其中一小部分（即有价证券）的结果。</blockquote></p><p>Charlie and I have endured similar cash-heavy positions from time to time in the past. These periods are never pleasant; they are also never permanent. And, fortunately, we have had a mildly attractive alternative during 2020 and 2021 for deploying capital. Read on.</p><p><blockquote>查理和我过去也不时经历过类似的现金密集型头寸。这些时期从来都不愉快；它们也不是永久的。幸运的是，我们在2020年和2021年期间有一个稍微有吸引力的资本部署替代方案。继续读下去。</blockquote></p><p></p><p><h2>Share Repurchases</h2>There are three ways that we can increase the value of your investment. The first is always front and center in our minds: Increase the long-term earning power of Berkshire’s controlled businesses through internal growth or by making acquisitions. Today, internal opportunities deliver far better returns than acquisitions. The size of those opportunities, however, is small compared to Berkshire’s resources.</p><p><blockquote><h2>股份购回</h2>我们有三种方法可以增加您的投资价值。第一个始终是我们最关心的问题：通过内部增长或收购来提高伯克希尔控制业务的长期盈利能力。如今，内部机会比收购带来更好的回报。然而，与伯克希尔的资源相比，这些机会的规模很小。</blockquote></p><p>Our second choice is to buy non-controlling part-interests in the many good or great businesses that are publicly traded. From time to time, such possibilities are both numerous and blatantly attractive. Today, though, we find little that excites us.</p><p><blockquote>我们的第二个选择是购买许多公开交易的优秀或伟大企业的非控股部分权益。有时，这样的可能性既众多又极具吸引力。然而今天，我们很少发现让我们兴奋的东西。</blockquote></p><p>That’s largely because of a truism: Long-term interest rates that are low push the prices of all productive investments upward, whether these are stocks, apartments, farms, oil wells, whatever. Other factors influence valuations as well, but interest rates will always be important.</p><p><blockquote>这在很大程度上是因为一个不言而喻的事实：低长期利率会推高所有生产性投资的价格，无论是股票、公寓、农场、油井等等。其他因素也会影响估值，但利率始终很重要。</blockquote></p><p>Our final path to value creation is to repurchase Berkshire shares. Through that simple act, we increase your share of the many controlled and non-controlled businesses Berkshire owns. When the price/value equation is right, this path is the easiest and most certain way for us to increase your wealth. (Alongside the accretion of value to continuing shareholders, a couple of other parties gain: Repurchases are modestly beneficial to the seller of the repurchased shares and to society as well.)</p><p><blockquote>我们创造价值的最终途径是回购伯克希尔股票。通过这一简单的行为，我们增加了您在伯克希尔拥有的许多受控和非受控业务中的份额。当价格/价值等式正确时，这条路径是我们增加您财富的最简单、最确定的方式。（除了持续股东的价值增加之外，其他一些人也会受益：回购对回购股票的卖方和社会都有适度的好处。）</blockquote></p><p>Periodically, as alternative paths become unattractive, repurchases make good sense for Berkshire’s owners. During the past two years, we therefore repurchased 9% of the shares that were outstanding at yearend 2019 for a total cost of $51.7 billion. That expenditure left our continuing shareholders owning about 10% more of all Berkshire businesses, whether these are wholly-owned (such as BNSF and GEICO) or partly-owned (such as Coca-Cola and Moody’s).</p><p><blockquote>周期性地，随着替代路径变得没有吸引力，回购对伯克希尔的所有者来说是有意义的。因此，在过去两年中，我们回购了2019年底已发行股票的9%，总成本为517亿美元。这笔支出使我们的持续股东拥有伯克希尔所有业务约10%的股份，无论这些业务是全资拥有的（如BNSF和GEICO）还是部分拥有的（如可口可乐和穆迪）。</blockquote></p><p>I want to underscore that for Berkshire repurchases to make sense, our shares must offer appropriate value. We don’t want to overpay for the shares of other companies, and it would be value-destroying if we were to overpay when we are buying Berkshire. As of February 23, 2022, since yearend we repurchased additional shares at a cost of $1.2 billion. Our appetite remains large but will always remain price-dependent.</p><p><blockquote>我想强调的是，为了让伯克希尔的回购有意义，我们的股票必须提供适当的价值。我们不想为其他公司的股票支付过高的价格，如果我们在购买伯克希尔时支付过高的价格，那将是对价值的破坏。截至2022年2月23日，自年底以来，我们以12亿美元的成本回购了额外股票。我们的胃口仍然很大，但将始终取决于价格。</blockquote></p><p>It should be noted that Berkshire’s buyback opportunities are limited because of its high-class investor base. If our shares were heavily held by short-term speculators, both price volatility and transaction volumes would materially increase. That kind of reshaping would offer us far greater opportunities for creating value by making repurchases. Nevertheless, Charlie and I far prefer the owners we have, even though their admirable buy-and-keep attitudes limit the extent to which long-term shareholders can profit from opportunistic repurchases.</p><p><blockquote>需要注意的是，伯克希尔的回购机会有限，因为其投资者基础很高。倘我们的股份被短期投机者大量持有，价格波动及交易量将大幅增加。这种重塑将为我们提供更多通过回购创造价值的机会。然而，查理和我更喜欢我们现有的所有者，尽管他们令人钦佩的买入并持有态度限制了长期股东从机会主义回购中获利的程度。</blockquote></p><p>Finally, one easily-overlooked value calculation specific to Berkshire: As we’ve discussed, insurance “float” of the right sort is of great value to us. As it happens, repurchases automatically increase the amount of “float” per share. That figure has increased during the past two years by 25% – going from $79,387 per “A” share to $99,497, a meaningful gain that, as noted, owes some thanks to repurchases.</p><p><blockquote>最后，一个容易被忽视的伯克希尔特有的价值计算：正如我们已经讨论过的，正确类型的保险“浮动”对我们来说非常有价值。碰巧的是，回购会自动增加每股的“流通量”。这一数字在过去两年中增长了25%，从每股“A”股79,387美元增至99,497美元，如前所述，这一有意义的涨幅在一定程度上要归功于回购。</blockquote></p><p><h2>A Wonderful Man and a Wonderful Business</h2>Last year, Paul Andrews died. Paul was the founder and CEO of TTI, a Fort Worth-based subsidiary of Berkshire. Throughout his life – in both his business and his personal pursuits – Paul quietly displayed all the qualities that Charlie and I admire. His story should be told.</p><p><blockquote><h2>一个了不起的人和一个了不起的企业</h2>去年，保罗·安德鲁斯去世了。保罗是伯克希尔哈撒韦公司位于沃思堡的子公司TTI的创始人兼首席执行官。在他的一生中——在他的事业和个人追求中——保罗悄悄地展示了查理和我所钦佩的所有品质。他的故事应该被讲述。</blockquote></p><p>In 1971, Paul was working as a purchasing agent for General Dynamics when the roof fell in. After losing a huge defense contract, the company fired thousands of employees, including Paul.</p><p><blockquote>1971年，当屋顶倒塌时，保罗正在通用动力公司担任采购代理。在失去一份巨额国防合同后，该公司解雇了数千名员工，其中包括保罗。</blockquote></p><p>With his first child due soon, Paul decided to bet on himself, using $500 of his savings to found Tex-Tronics (later renamed TTI). The company set itself up to distribute small electronic components, and first-year sales totaled $112,000. Today, TTI markets more than one million different items with annual volume of $7.7 billion.</p><p><blockquote>随着他的第一个孩子即将出生，保罗决定把赌注押在自己身上，用他的500美元积蓄创办了Tex-Tronics（后来更名为TTI）。该公司致力于分销小型电子元件，第一年的销售额总计112,000美元。如今，创科实业销售超过100万种不同的产品，年销售额达77亿美元。</blockquote></p><p>But back to 2006: Paul, at 63, then found himself happy with his family, his job, and his associates. But he had one nagging worry, heightened because he had recently witnessed a friend’s early death and the disastrous results that followed for that man’s family and business. What, Paul asked himself in 2006, would happen to the many people depending on him if he should unexpectedly die?</p><p><blockquote>但回到2006年：63岁的保罗发现自己对家庭、工作和同事都很满意。但他有一个挥之不去的担忧，因为他最近目睹了一个朋友的早逝以及随之而来的对那个人的家庭和生意的灾难性后果，这种担忧加剧了。保罗在2006年问自己，如果他意外去世，许多依赖他的人会怎么样？</blockquote></p><p>For a year, Paul wrestled with his options. Sell to a competitor? From a strictly economic viewpoint, that course made the most sense. After all, competitors could envision lucrative “synergies” – savings that would be achieved as the acquiror slashed duplicated functions at TTI.</p><p><blockquote>一年来，保罗一直在纠结自己的选择。卖给竞争对手？从严格的经济角度来看，这个过程是最有意义的。毕竟，竞争对手可以设想利润丰厚的“协同效应”——随着收购方削减TTI的重复职能，将实现节省。</blockquote></p><p></p><p>But . . . Such a purchaser would most certainly also retain its CFO, its legal counsel, its HR unit. Their TTI counterparts would therefore be sent packing. And ugh! If a new distribution center were to be needed, the acquirer’s home city would certainly be favored over Fort Worth.</p><p><blockquote>但是...这样的购买者肯定还会保留其首席财务官、法律顾问和人力资源部门。因此，他们的TTI同行将被打包发送。还有啊！如果需要一个新的配送中心，收购方的家乡城市肯定会比沃思堡更受青睐。</blockquote></p><p>Whatever the financial benefits, Paul quickly concluded that selling to a competitor was not for him. He next considered seeking a financial buyer, a species once labeled – aptly so – a leveraged buyout firm. Paul knew, however, that such a purchaser would be focused on an “exit strategy.” And who could know what that would be? Brooding over it all, Paul found himself having no interest in handing his 35-year-old creation over to a reseller.</p><p><blockquote>不管经济利益如何，保罗很快得出结论，卖给竞争对手不适合他。接下来，他考虑寻找一家金融买家，这种买家曾经被恰当地称为杠杆收购公司。然而，保罗知道这样的买家会专注于“退出策略”。谁知道那会是什么？考虑到这一切，保罗发现自己没有兴趣将他35岁的创作交给经销商。</blockquote></p><p>When Paul met me, he explained why he had eliminated these two alternatives as buyers. He then summed up his dilemma by saying – in far more tactful phrasing than this – “After a year of pondering the alternatives, I want to sell to Berkshire because you are the only guy left.” So, I made an offer and Paul said “Yes.” One meeting; one lunch; one deal.</p><p><blockquote>当保罗见到我时，他解释了为什么他作为买家排除了这两种选择。然后，他用比这更委婉的措辞总结了自己的困境：“经过一年的思考，我想把它卖给伯克希尔，因为你是唯一剩下的人。”所以，我提出了一个提议，保罗答应了。一次会议；一顿午餐；一笔交易。</blockquote></p><p>To say we both lived happily ever after is an understatement. When Berkshire purchased TTI, the company employed 2,387. Now the number is 8,043. A large percentage of that growth took place in Fort Worth and environs. Earnings have increased 673%.</p><p><blockquote>说我们从此过上了幸福的生活是一种保守的说法。当伯克希尔收购TTI时，该公司拥有2,387名员工。现在这个数字是8043。其中很大一部分增长发生在沃思堡及周边地区。盈利增长了673%。</blockquote></p><p>Annually, I would call Paul and tell him his salary should be substantially increased. Annually, he would tell me, “We can talk about that next year, Warren; I’m too busy now.”</p><p><blockquote>每年，我都会给保罗发看涨期权，告诉他他的薪水应该大幅增加。每年，他都会告诉我，“我们可以明年再谈这个，沃伦，我现在太忙了。”</blockquote></p><p>When Greg Abel and I attended Paul’s memorial service, we met children, grandchildren, long-time associates (including TTI’s first employee) and John Roach, the former CEO of a Fort Worth company Berkshire had purchased in 2000. John had steered his friend Paul to Omaha, instinctively knowing we would be a match.</p><p><blockquote>当格雷格·阿贝尔和我参加保罗的追悼会时，我们见到了孩子、孙子、长期合作伙伴（包括创科实业的第一位员工）和约翰·罗奇，他是伯克希尔2000年收购的沃斯堡一家公司的前首席执行官。约翰带着他的朋友保罗去了奥马哈，本能地知道我们会是一对。</blockquote></p><p>At the service, Greg and I heard about the multitudes of people and organizations that Paul had silently supported. The breadth of his generosity was extraordinary – geared always to improving the lives of others, particularly those in Fort Worth.</p><p><blockquote>在仪式上，格雷格和我听说了保罗默默支持的许多人和组织。他的慷慨是非凡的——总是致力于改善他人的生活，尤其是那些在沃思堡的人。</blockquote></p><p>In all ways, Paul was a class act.</p><p><blockquote>从各方面来看，保罗都是一流的。</blockquote></p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p><blockquote>**</blockquote></p><p>Good luck – occasionally extraordinary luck – has played its part at Berkshire. If Paul and I had not enjoyed a mutual friend – John Roach – TTI would not have found its home with us. But that ample serving of luck was only the beginning. TTI was soon to lead Berkshire to its most important acquisition.</p><p><blockquote>好运——偶尔是非凡的运气——在伯克希尔发挥了作用。如果保罗和我没有一个共同的朋友——约翰·罗奇——TTI就不会在我们身边找到它的家。但是这种充足的运气仅仅是个开始。TTI很快就带领伯克希尔完成了其最重要的收购。</blockquote></p><p>Every fall, Berkshire directors gather for a presentation by a few of our executives. We sometimes choose the site based upon the location of a recent acquisition, by that means allowing directors to meet the new subsidiary’s CEO and learn more about the acquiree’s activities.</p><p><blockquote>每年秋天，伯克希尔的董事们都会聚集在一起，听取我们几位高管的演讲。我们有时会根据最近收购的地点来选择地点，这样可以让董事会见新子公司的首席执行官，并更多地了解被收购方的活动。</blockquote></p><p>In the fall of 2009, we consequently selected Fort Worth so that we could visit TTI. At that time, BNSF, which also had Fort Worth as its hometown, was the third-largest holding among our marketable equities. Despite that large stake, I had never visited the railroad’s headquarters.</p><p><blockquote>因此，在2009年秋天，我们选择了沃思堡，这样我们就可以参观TTI。当时，BNSF的家乡也是沃思堡，是我们有价证券中的第三大持股。尽管有这么大的股份，我从未去过铁路总部。</blockquote></p><p>Deb Bosanek, my assistant, scheduled our board’s opening dinner for October 22. Meanwhile, I arranged to arrive earlier that day to meet with Matt Rose, CEO of BNSF, whose accomplishments I had long admired. When I made the date, I had no idea that our get-together would coincide with BNSF’s third-quarter earnings report, which was released late on the 22nd.</p><p><blockquote>我的助手Deb Bosanek将我们董事会的开幕晚宴安排在10月22日。与此同时，我安排当天早些时候到达，会见BNSF首席执行官马特·罗斯，他的成就我长期以来一直钦佩。当我确定这个日期时，我不知道我们的聚会会恰逢BNSF于22日晚些时候发布的第三季度收益报告。</blockquote></p><p>The market reacted badly to the railroad’s results. The Great Recession was in full force in the third quarter, and BNSF’s earnings reflected that slump. The economic outlook was also bleak, and Wall Street wasn’t feeling friendly to railroads – or much else.</p><p><blockquote>市场对铁路公司的业绩反应不佳。大衰退在第三季度全面爆发，BNSF的盈利反映了这种下滑。经济前景也很黯淡，华尔街对铁路或其他许多行业都不太友好。</blockquote></p><p>On the following day, I again got together with Matt and suggested that Berkshire would offer the railroad a better long-term home than it could expect as a public company. I also told him the maximum price that Berkshire would pay.</p><p><blockquote>第二天，我再次和马特聚在一起，建议伯克希尔为铁路公司提供一个比上市公司更好的长期住所。我还告诉了他伯克希尔愿意支付的最高价格。</blockquote></p><p>Matt relayed the offer to his directors and advisors. Eleven busy days later, Berkshire and BNSF announced a firm deal. And here I’ll venture a rare prediction: BNSF will be a key asset for Berkshire and our country a century from now.</p><p><blockquote>马特向他的董事和顾问转达了这一提议。忙碌了11天后，伯克希尔和BNSF宣布了一项确定的交易。在这里，我大胆地做一个罕见的预测：一个世纪后，BNSF将成为伯克希尔和我们国家的关键资产。</blockquote></p><p>The BNSF acquisition would never have happened if Paul Andrews hadn’t sized up Berkshire as the right home for TTI.</p><p><blockquote>如果保罗·安德鲁斯(Paul Andrews)没有将伯克希尔视为TTI的合适住所，BNSF的收购永远不会发生。</blockquote></p><p><h2>Thanks</h2>I taught my first investing class 70 years ago. Since then, I have enjoyed working almost every year with students of all ages, finally “retiring” from that pursuit in 2018.</p><p><blockquote><h2>谢谢</h2>70年前，我教了我的第一堂投资课。从那以后，我几乎每年都喜欢和各个年龄段的学生一起工作，最终在2018年从这种追求中“退休”。</blockquote></p><p>Along the way, my toughest audience was my grandson’s fifth-grade class. The 11-year-olds were squirming in their seats and giving me blank stares until I mentioned Coca-Cola and its famous secret formula. Instantly, every hand went up, and I learned that “secrets” are catnip to kids.</p><p><blockquote>一路上，我最难对付的观众是我孙子五年级的班级。11岁的孩子们在座位上蠕动，茫然地看着我，直到我提到可口可乐和它著名的秘密配方。立刻，每个人都举起了手，我明白了“秘密”对孩子们来说是猫薄荷。</blockquote></p><p></p><p>Teaching, like writing, has helped me develop and clarify my own thoughts. Charlie calls this phenomenon the orangutan effect: If you sit down with an orangutan and carefully explain to it one of your cherished ideas, you may leave behind a puzzled primate, but will yourself exit thinking more clearly.</p><p><blockquote>教学和写作一样，帮助我发展和理清了自己的思想。查理·评级这种现象猩猩效应：如果你和一只猩猩坐下来，仔细地向它解释你珍视的一个想法，你可能会留下一只困惑的灵长类动物，但你自己会更清楚地思考吗？</blockquote></p><p>Talking to university students is far superior. I have urged that they seek employment in (1) the field and (2) with the kind of people they would select, if they had no need for money. Economic realities, I acknowledge, may interfere with that kind of search. Even so, I urge the students never to give up the quest, for when they find that sort of job, they will no longer be “working.”</p><p><blockquote>和大学生说话要优越得多。我敦促他们在（1）这个领域和（2）如果他们不需要钱，他们会选择的那种人那里找工作。我承认，经济现实可能会干扰这种搜索。即便如此，我敦促学生们永远不要放弃追求，因为当他们找到那种工作时，他们将不再是“工作”。</blockquote></p><p>Charlie and I, ourselves, followed that liberating course after a few early stumbles. We both started as part- timers at my grandfather’s grocery store, Charlie in 1940 and I in 1942. We were each assigned boring tasks and paid little, definitely not what we had in mind. Charlie later took up law, and I tried selling securities. Job satisfaction continued to elude us.</p><p><blockquote>查理和我，我们自己，在经历了一些早期的挫折后，走上了解放的道路。我们都是从我祖父的杂货店兼职开始的，查理是1940年，我是1942年。我们每个人都被分配了无聊的任务，报酬很低，绝对不是我们想要的。查理后来从事法律工作，我尝试出售证券。工作满意度继续困扰着我们。</blockquote></p><p>Finally, at Berkshire, we found what we love to do. With very few exceptions, we have now “worked” for many decades with people whom we like and trust. It’s a joy in life to join with managers such as Paul Andrews or the Berkshire families I told you about last year. In our home office, we employ decent and talented people – no jerks. Turnover averages, perhaps, one person per year.</p><p><blockquote>最后，在伯克希尔，我们找到了自己喜欢做的事情。除了极少数例外，我们现在已经和我们喜欢和信任的人“工作”了几十年。与保罗·安德鲁斯或我去年告诉过你的伯克希尔家族等经理人一起工作是生活中的一种乐趣。在我们的家庭办公室，我们雇佣体面和有才华的人——没有混蛋。平均离职人数可能是每年一人。</blockquote></p><p>I would like, however, to emphasize a further item that turns our jobs into fun and satisfaction working</p><p><blockquote>然而，我想强调另一个项目，它将我们的工作变成有趣和令人满意的工作</blockquote></p><p>for you. There is nothing more rewarding to Charlie and me than enjoying the trust of individual long-term shareholders who, for many decades, have joined us with the expectation that we would be a reliable custodian of their funds.</p><p><blockquote>为了你。对查理和我来说，没有什么比享受个人长期股东的信任更有意义的了，几十年来，他们加入我们的期望是我们将成为他们资金的可靠托管人。</blockquote></p><p>Obviously, we can’t select our owners, as we could do if our form of operation were a partnership. Anyone can buy shares of Berkshire today with the intention of soon reselling them. For sure, we get a few of that type of shareholder, just as we get index funds that own huge amounts of Berkshire simply because they are required to do so.</p><p><blockquote>显然，我们不能选择我们的所有者，如果我们的运营形式是合伙企业，我们可以这样做。任何人今天都可以购买伯克希尔的股票，并打算很快转售。当然，我们有一些此类股东，就像我们有指数基金持有大量伯克希尔哈撒韦公司股票一样，因为它们被要求这样做。</blockquote></p><p>To a truly unusual degree, however, Berkshire has as owners a very large corps of individuals and families that have elected to join us with an intent approaching “til death do us part.” Often, they have trusted us with a large – some might say excessive – portion of their savings.</p><p><blockquote>然而，在一个真正不寻常的程度上，伯克希尔拥有一大批个人和家庭作为所有者，他们选择加入我们，意图是“直到死亡将我们分开”。通常，他们把很大一部分——有些人可能会说是过多的——储蓄托付给我们。</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire, these shareholders would sometimes acknowledge, might be far from the best selection they could have made. But they would add that Berkshire would rank high among those with which they would be most comfortable. And people who are comfortable with their investments will, on average, achieve better results than those who are motivated by ever-changing headlines, chatter and promises.</p><p><blockquote>这些股东有时会承认，伯克希尔可能远不是他们所能做出的最佳选择。但他们会补充说，伯克希尔将在他们最满意的公司中排名靠前。平均而言，对自己的投资感到满意的人会比那些被不断变化的头条新闻、喋喋不休和承诺所激励的人取得更好的结果。</blockquote></p><p>Long-term individual owners are both the “partners” Charlie and I have always sought and the ones we constantly have in mind as we make decisions at Berkshire. To them we say, “It feels good to ‘work’ for you, and you have our thanks for your trust.”</p><p><blockquote>长期个人所有者既是查理和我一直在寻找的“合作伙伴”，也是我们在伯克希尔做决策时一直牢记的“合作伙伴”。我们对他们说：“为你们‘工作’的感觉真好，我们感谢你们的信任。”</blockquote></p><p><h2>The Annual Meeting</h2>Clear your calendar! Berkshire will have its annual gathering of capitalists in Omaha on Friday, April 29th through Sunday, May 1st. The details regarding the weekend are laid out on pages A-1 and A-2. Omaha eagerly awaits you, as do I.</p><p><blockquote><h2>年会</h2>清除您的日历！伯克希尔将于4月29日星期五至5月1日星期日在奥马哈举行年度资本家聚会。关于周末的细节列在A-1和A-2页。奥马哈急切地等待着你，我也是。</blockquote></p><p>I will end this letter with a sales pitch. “Cousin” Jimmy Buffett has designed a pontoon “party” boat that is now being manufactured by Forest River, a Berkshire subsidiary. The boat will be introduced on April 29 at our Berkshire Bazaar of Bargains. And, for two days only, shareholders will be able to purchase Jimmy’s masterpiece at a 10% discount. Your bargain-hunting chairman will be buying a boat for his family’s use. Join me.</p><p><blockquote>我将以推销来结束这封信。“表哥”吉米·巴菲特设计了一艘浮桥“派对”船，现在由伯克希尔旗下的森林河公司制造。这艘船将于4月29日在我们的伯克希尔便宜货市场推出。而且，仅在两天内，股东就可以以10%的折扣购买吉米的杰作。你的便宜货董事长会买一艘船给他的家人使用。加入我。</blockquote></p><p>February 26, 2022</p><p><blockquote>2022年2月26日</blockquote></p><p>Warren E. Buffett Chairman of the Board</p><p><blockquote>沃伦·E·巴菲特董事会主席</blockquote></p><p></body></html></p><p><blockquote></blockquote></p><p></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Buffett Full Annual Letter：Apple is One of ‘Four Giants’ Driving the Conglomerate’s Value<blockquote>巴菲特完整年度信：苹果是推动巴菲特价值的“四大巨头”之一</blockquote></title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nBuffett Full Annual Letter：Apple is One of ‘Four Giants’ Driving the Conglomerate’s Value<blockquote>巴菲特完整年度信：苹果是推动巴菲特价值的“四大巨头”之一</blockquote>\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/1079075236\">\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">Tiger Newspress </p>\n<p class=\"h-time smaller\">2022-02-27 09:48</p>\n</div>\n</a>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p><html><head></head><body>Warren Buffett released his annual letter to Berkshire Hathaway shareholders on Saturday. The 91-year-old investing legend has been publishing the letter for over six decades and it has become required reading for investors around the world.</p><p><blockquote><html><head></head><body>沃伦·巴菲特周六发布了致伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司股东的年度信。这位91岁的投资传奇人物已经出版这封信60多年了，它已成为世界各地投资者的必读书目。</body></html></blockquote></p><p>Warren Buffett said he now considers tech giant Apple as one of the four pillars driving Berkshire Hathaway, the conglomerate of mostly old-economy businesses he’s assembled over the last five decades.</p><p><blockquote>沃伦·巴菲特表示，他现在认为科技巨头苹果是推动伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司的四大支柱之一，伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司是沃伦·巴菲特在过去50年里组建的主要由旧经济企业组成的企业集团。</blockquote></p><p>In his annual letter to shareholders released on Saturday, the 91-year-old investing legend listed Apple under the heading “Our Four Giants” and even called the company the second-most important after Berkshire’s cluster of insurers, thanks to its chief executive.</p><p><blockquote>在周六发布的致股东的年度信中，这位91岁的投资传奇人物将苹果列为“我们的四大巨头”，甚至称该公司是仅次于伯克希尔保险集团的第二大保险公司，这要归功于伯克希尔的首席执行官。</blockquote></p><p>“Tim Cook, Apple’s brilliant CEO, quite properly regards users of Apple products as his first love, but all of his other constituencies benefit from Tim’s managerial touch as well,” the letter stated.</p><p><blockquote>信中写道：“苹果才华横溢的首席执行官蒂姆·库克非常恰当地将苹果产品的用户视为他的初恋，但他的所有其他支持者也受益于蒂姆的管理风格。”</blockquote></p><p>Buffett made clear he is a fan of Cook’s stock repurchase strategy, and how it gives the conglomerate increased ownership of each dollar of the iPhone maker’s earnings without the investor having to lift a finger.</p><p><blockquote>巴菲特明确表示，他是库克股票回购策略的粉丝，以及该策略如何让该集团增加对这家iPhone制造商每一美元收益的所有权，而投资者无需动一根手指。</blockquote></p><p>“Apple – our runner-up Giant as measured by its yearend market value – is a different sort of holding. Here, our ownership is a mere 5.55%, up from 5.39% a year earlier,” Buffett said in the letter. “That increase sounds like small potatoes. But consider that each 0.1% of Apple’s 2021 earnings amounted to $100 million. We spent no Berkshire funds to gain our accretion. Apple’s repurchases did the job.”</p><p><blockquote>巴菲特在信中表示：“以年终市值衡量，苹果是我们的第二大巨头。在这里，我们的持股比例仅为5.55%，高于一年前的5.39%。”“这一增长听起来像是小巫见大巫。但考虑到苹果2021年盈利的0.1%相当于1亿美元。我们没有花费伯克希尔的资金来获得增长。苹果的回购完成了这项工作。”</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire began buying Apple stock in 2016 under the influence of Buffett’s investing deputies Todd Combs and Ted Weschler. By mid-2018, the conglomerate accumulated 5% ownership of the iPhone maker, a stake that cost $36 billion. Today, the Apple investment is now worth more than $160 billion, taking up 40% of Berkshire’s equity portfolio.</p><p><blockquote>在巴菲特投资副手Todd Combs和Ted Weschler的影响下，Berkshire于2016年开始买入苹果股票。到2018年中期，该集团积累了这家iPhone制造商5%的股份，价值360亿美元。如今，苹果的投资价值超过1600亿美元，占伯克希尔股票投资组合的40%。</blockquote></p><p>“It’s important to understand that only dividends from Apple are counted in the GAAP earnings Berkshire reports – and last year, Apple paid us $785 million of those. Yet our ‘share’ of Apple’s earnings amounted to a staggering $5.6 billion. Much of what the company retained was used to repurchase Apple shares, an act we applaud,” Buffett said.</p><p><blockquote>“重要的是要明白，伯克希尔的GAAP收益报告中只有苹果的股息被计算在内——去年，苹果支付了其中的7.85亿美元。然而，我们在苹果收益中的‘份额’达到了惊人的56亿美元。公司保留的大部分资金用于回购苹果股票，我们对此表示赞赏。”</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire is Apple’s largest shareholder, outside of index and exchange-traded fund providers.</p><p><blockquote>除了指数和交易所交易基金提供商之外，Berkshire是苹果最大的股东。</blockquote></p><p>Buffett also credited his railroad business BNSF and energy segment BHE as two other giants of the conglomerate, which both registered record earnings in 2021.</p><p><blockquote>巴菲特还将他的铁路业务BNSF和能源部门BHE视为该集团的另外两家巨头，这两家公司在2021年的盈利均创历史新高。</blockquote></p><p>“BNSF, our third Giant, continues to be the number one artery of American commerce, which makes it an indispensable asset for America as well as for Berkshire,” Buffett said. “BHE has become a utility powerhouse and a leading force in wind, solar and transmission throughout much of the United States.”</p><p><blockquote>巴菲特表示：“我们的第三大巨头BNSF仍然是美国商业的第一大动脉，这使其成为美国和伯克希尔不可或缺的资产。”“BHE已成为美国大部分地区的公用事业巨头以及风能、太阳能和输电领域的主导力量。”</blockquote></p><p><b>Read the full letter here：</b></p><p><blockquote><b>在这里阅读完整的信：</b></blockquote></p><p>To the Shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.:</p><p><blockquote>致伯克希尔哈撒韦公司股东：</blockquote></p><p>Charlie Munger, my long-time partner, and I have the job of managing a portion of your savings. We are honored by your trust.</p><p><blockquote>我的长期合伙人查理·芒格和我的工作是管理你的一部分储蓄。我们很荣幸得到你的信任。</blockquote></p><p>Our position carries with it the responsibility to report to you what we would like to know if we were the absentee owner and you were the manager. We enjoy communicating directly with you through this annual letter, and through the annual meeting as well.</p><p><blockquote>如果我们是缺席的所有者，而您是经理，我们的职位有责任向您报告我们想知道的信息。我们喜欢通过这封年度信函和年会直接与您交流。</blockquote></p><p>Our policy is to treat all shareholders equally. Therefore, we do not hold discussions with analysts nor large institutions. Whenever possible, also, we release important communications on Saturday mornings in order to maximize the time for shareholders and the media to absorb the news before markets open on Monday.</p><p><blockquote>我们的政策是平等对待所有股东。因此，我们不与分析师或大型机构进行讨论。此外，只要有可能，我们会在周六上午发布重要信息，以便最大限度地让股东和媒体在周一开市前有时间了解新闻。</blockquote></p><p>A wealth of Berkshire facts and figures are set forth in the annual 10-K that the company regularly files with the S.E.C. and that we reproduce on pages K-1 – K-119. Some shareholders will find this detail engrossing; others will simply prefer to learn what Charlie and I believe is new or interesting at Berkshire.</p><p><blockquote>伯克希尔定期向美国证券交易委员会提交的年度10-K报告中列出了大量事实和数据。我们在K-1-K-119页复制了这一点。一些股东会发现这个细节引人入胜；其他人则更愿意了解查理和我认为伯克希尔的新事物或有趣之处。</blockquote></p><p>Alas, there was little action of that sort in 2021. We did, though, make reasonable progress in increasing the intrinsic value of your shares. That task has been my primary duty for 57 years. And it will continue to be.</p><p><blockquote>唉，2021年几乎没有这样的行动。不过，我们在增加您股票的内在价值方面确实取得了合理的进展。57年来，这项任务一直是我的主要职责。并将继续如此。</blockquote></p><p><b>What You Own</b></p><p><blockquote><b>你拥有什么</b></blockquote></p><p>Berkshire owns a wide variety of businesses, some in their entirety, some only in part. The second group largely consists of marketable common stocks of major American companies. Additionally, we own a few non-U.S. equities and participate in several joint ventures or other collaborative activities.</p><p><blockquote>伯克希尔拥有各种各样的业务，有些是全部，有些只是部分。第二组主要由美国大公司的有价证券普通股组成。此外，我们拥有一些非美国股票，并参与多家合资企业或其他合作活动。</blockquote></p><p>Whatever our form of ownership, our goal is to have meaningful investments in businesses with both durable economic advantages and a first-class CEO. Please note particularly that we own stocks based upon our expectations about their long-term business performance and not because we view them as vehicles for timely market moves. That point is crucial: Charlie and I are not stock-pickers; we are business-pickers.</p><p><blockquote>无论我们的所有权形式如何，我们的目标都是对既有持久经济优势又有一流首席执行官的企业进行有意义的投资。请特别注意，我们持有股票是基于我们对其长期业务表现的预期，而不是因为我们将它们视为及时市场波动的工具。这一点至关重要：查理和我不是选股者；我们是挑选生意的人。</blockquote></p><p></p><p>I make many mistakes. Consequently, our extensive collection of businesses includes some enterprises that have truly extraordinary economics, many others that enjoy good economic characteristics, and a few that are marginal. One advantage of our common-stock segment is that – on occasion – it becomes easy to buy pieces of wonderful businesses at wonderful prices. That shooting-fish-in-a-barrel experience is very rare in negotiated transactions and never occurs en masse. It is also far easier to exit from a mistake when it has been made in the marketable arena.</p><p><blockquote>我犯了很多错误。因此，我们广泛收集的企业包括一些具有真正非凡经济效益的企业，许多其他享有良好经济特征的企业，以及少数边缘企业。我们普通股部门的一个优势是——有时——以优惠的价格购买精彩的业务变得很容易。这种在谈判交易中射鱼的经历非常罕见，而且永远不会集体发生。当错误发生在市场舞台上时，从错误中退出也要容易得多。</blockquote></p><p><h2><b>Surprise, Surprise</b></h2>Here are a few items about your company that often surprise even seasoned investors:</p><p><blockquote><h2><b>惊喜，惊喜</b></h2>以下是有关贵公司的一些事项，即使是经验丰富的投资者也常常感到惊讶：</blockquote></p><p>• Many people perceive Berkshire as a large and somewhat strange collection of financial assets. In truth, Berkshire owns and operates more U.S.-based “infrastructure” assets – classified on our balance sheet as property, plant and equipment – than are owned and operated by any other American corporation. That supremacy has never been our goal. It has, however, become a fact.</p><p><blockquote>•许多人认为伯克希尔是一个庞大而有些奇怪的金融资产集合体。事实上，伯克希尔拥有和经营的美国“基础设施”资产（在我们的资产负债表上归类为财产、厂房和设备）比任何其他美国公司拥有和经营的都多。这种霸权从来都不是我们的目标。然而，这已经成为事实。</blockquote></p><p>At yearend, those domestic infrastructure assets were carried on Berkshire’s balance sheet at $158 billion. That number increased last year and will continue to increase. Berkshire always will be building.</p><p><blockquote>截至年底，这些国内基础设施资产在伯克希尔资产负债表上的价值为1580亿美元。这一数字去年有所增加，并将继续增加。伯克希尔将永远在建设。</blockquote></p><p>• Every year, your company makes substantial federal income tax payments. In 2021, for example, we paid</p><p><blockquote>•您的公司每年都要缴纳大量的联邦所得税。例如，在2021年，我们支付了</blockquote></p><p>$3.3 billion while the U.S. Treasury reported total corporate income-tax receipts of $402 billion. Additionally, Berkshire pays substantial state and foreign taxes. “I gave at the office” is an unassailable assertion when made by Berkshire shareholders.</p><p><blockquote>33亿美元，而美国财政部报告的企业所得税总收入为4020亿美元。此外，伯克希尔还要缴纳大量的州税和外国税。“我在办公室给了”是伯克希尔股东不容置疑的断言。</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire’s history vividly illustrates the invisible and often unrecognized financial partnership between  government and American businesses. Our tale begins early in 1955, when Berkshire Fine Spinning and Hathaway Manufacturing agreed to merge their businesses. In their requests for shareholder approval, these venerable New England textile companies expressed high hopes for the combination.</p><p><blockquote>伯克希尔的历史生动地说明了政府和美国企业之间看不见的、往往不被认可的金融伙伴关系。我们的故事始于1955年初，当时伯克希尔精细纺纱公司和哈撒韦制造公司同意合并他们的业务。在请求股东批准的请求中，这些历史悠久的新英格兰纺织公司对合并寄予厚望。</blockquote></p><p>The Hathaway solicitation, for example, assured its shareholders that “The combination of the resources and managements will result in one of the strongest and most efficient organizations in the textile industry.” That upbeat view was endorsed by the company’s advisor, Lehman Brothers (yes, that Lehman Brothers).</p><p><blockquote>例如，哈撒韦公司的招标向其股东保证，“资源和管理的结合将产生纺织行业最强大、最高效的组织之一。”这种乐观的观点得到了该公司顾问雷曼兄弟（是的，就是雷曼兄弟）的认可。</blockquote></p><p>I’m sure it was a joyous day in both Fall River (Berkshire) and New Bedford (Hathaway) when the union was consummated. After the bands stopped playing and the bankers went home, however, the shareholders reaped a disaster.</p><p><blockquote>我敢肯定，当联盟完成时，福尔里弗（伯克郡）和新贝德福德（哈撒韦）都是欢乐的一天。然而，在乐队停止演奏、银行家们回家后，股东们却收获了一场灾难。</blockquote></p><p>In the nine years following the merger, Berkshire’s owners watched the company’s net worth crater from</p><p><blockquote>在合并后的九年里，伯克希尔的所有者眼睁睁地看着公司的净资产从</blockquote></p><p>$51.4 million to $22.1 million. In part, this decline was caused by stock repurchases, ill-advised dividends and plant shutdowns. But nine years of effort by many thousands of employees delivered an operating loss as well. Berkshire’s struggles were not unusual: The New England textile industry had silently entered an extended and non-reversible death march.</p><p><blockquote>5140万美元至2210万美元。这种下降在一定程度上是由股票回购、不明智的股息和工厂关闭造成的。但数千名员工九年的努力也带来了运营亏损。伯克希尔的挣扎并不罕见：新英格兰纺织业已经悄然进入了漫长且不可逆转的死亡行军。</blockquote></p><p>During the nine post-merger years, the U.S. Treasury suffered as well from Berkshire’s troubles. All told, the company paid the government only $337,359 in income tax during that period – a pathetic $100 per day.</p><p><blockquote>在合并后的九年里，美国财政部也遭受了伯克希尔的麻烦。在此期间，该公司总共只向政府缴纳了337,359美元的所得税——每天只有可怜的100美元。</blockquote></p><p>Early in 1965, things changed. Berkshire installed new management that redeployed available cash and steered essentially all earnings into a variety of good businesses, most of which remained good through the years. Coupling reinvestment of earnings with the power of compounding worked its magic, and shareholders prospered.</p><p><blockquote>1965年初，情况发生了变化。伯克希尔任命了新的管理层，重新部署了可用现金，并将基本上所有收益转移到各种良好的业务中，其中大多数业务多年来一直保持良好状态。将收益再投资与复利的力量结合起来发挥了它的魔力，股东们也因此繁荣起来。</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire’s owners, it should be noted, were not the only beneficiary of that course correction. Their “silent partner,” the U.S. Treasury, proceeded to collect many tens of billions of dollars from the company in income tax payments. Remember the $100 daily? Now, Berkshire pays roughly $9 million daily to the Treasury.</p><p><blockquote>应该指出的是，伯克希尔的所有者并不是这一路线调整的唯一受益者。他们的“沉默伙伴”，美国财政部，继续从该公司收取数百亿美元的所得税。还记得每天100美元吗？现在，伯克希尔每天向财政部支付大约900万美元。</blockquote></p><p>In fairness to our governmental partner, our shareholders should acknowledge – indeed trumpet – the fact that Berkshire’s prosperity has been fostered mightily because the company has operated in America. Our country would have done splendidly in the years since 1965 without Berkshire. Absent our American home, however, Berkshire would never have come close to becoming what it is today. When you see the flag, say thanks.</p><p><blockquote>为我们的政府合作伙伴说句公道话，我们的股东应该承认——事实上是鼓吹——这样一个事实：伯克希尔的繁荣得到了极大的促进，因为该公司在美国运营。如果没有伯克希尔，我们的国家在1965年以来的几年里会做得非常出色。然而，如果没有我们的美国家园，伯克希尔永远不会成为今天的样子。当你看到旗子时，说声谢谢。</blockquote></p><p>• From an $8.6 million purchase of National Indemnity in 1967, Berkshire has become the world leader in insurance “float” – money we hold and can invest but that does not belong to us. Including a relatively small sum derived from life insurance, Berkshire’s total float has grown from $19 million when we entered the insurance business to $147 billion.</p><p><blockquote>1967年，伯克希尔斥资860万美元收购了美国国家赔偿公司（National Indemnity），如今已成为保险“浮动”（float）领域的全球领导者——我们持有并可以投资但不属于我们的资金。包括来自人寿保险的相对较小的金额在内，伯克希尔的总流通量已从我们进入保险业务时的1900万美元增长到1470亿美元。</blockquote></p><p>So far, this float has cost us less than nothing. Though we have experienced a number of years when insurance losses combined with operating expenses exceeded premiums, overall we have earned a modest 55-year profit from the underwriting activities that generated our float.</p><p><blockquote>到目前为止，这辆彩车让我们付出了不到一分钱的代价。尽管我们经历了多年保险损失加上运营费用超过保费的情况，但总体而言，我们从产生流通量的承保活动中获得了55年的适度利润。</blockquote></p><p></p><p>Of equal importance, float is very sticky. Funds attributable to our insurance operations come and go daily, but their aggregate total is immune from precipitous decline. When it comes to investing float, we can therefore think long-term.</p><p><blockquote>同样重要的是，浮子非常粘。归属于我们保险业务的资金每天来来去去，但其总额不会急剧下降。因此，在投资流通量时，我们可以从长计议。</blockquote></p><p>If you are not already familiar with the concept of float, I refer you to a long explanation on page A-5. To my surprise, our float increased $9 billion last year, a buildup of value that is important to Berkshire owners though is not reflected in our GAAP (“generally-accepted accounting principles”) presentation of earnings and net worth.</p><p><blockquote>如果你还不熟悉浮点的概念，我建议你参考A-5页的长篇解释。令我惊讶的是，我们的流通量去年增加了90亿美元，这一价值的积累对伯克希尔所有者来说很重要，但并未反映在我们的GAAP（“公认会计原则”）收益和净值列报中。</blockquote></p><p>Much of our huge value creation in insurance is attributable to Berkshire’s good luck in my 1986 hiring of Ajit Jain. We first met on a Saturday morning, and I quickly asked Ajit what his insurance experience had been. He replied, “None.”</p><p><blockquote>我们在保险业创造的巨大价值很大程度上要归功于伯克希尔的好运，我在1986年聘请了阿吉特·贾恩。我们第一次见面是在一个周六的早上，我很快问阿吉特他的保险经历是什么。他回答说：“没有。”</blockquote></p><p>I said, “Nobody’s perfect,” and hired him. That was my lucky day: Ajit actually was as perfect a choice as could have been made. Better yet, he continues to be – 35 years later.</p><p><blockquote>我说，“人无完人”，就雇了他。那是我的幸运日：阿吉特实际上是一个完美的选择。更好的是，35年后，他仍然是。</blockquote></p><p>One final thought about insurance: I believe that it is likely – but far from assured – that Berkshire’s float can be maintained without our incurring a long-term underwriting loss. I am certain, however, that there will be some years when we experience such losses, perhaps involving very large sums.</p><p><blockquote>关于保险的最后一个想法：我相信伯克希尔哈撒韦公司的流通股很可能——但远不能确定——能够在不遭受长期承保损失的情况下维持下去。然而，我确信，我们将在未来几年经历这种损失，可能涉及非常大的金额。</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire is constructed to handle catastrophic events as no other insurer – and that priority will remain long after Charlie and I are gone.</p><p><blockquote>伯克希尔在处理灾难性事件方面的能力与其他保险公司不同——在查理和我离开后很长一段时间内，这一优先事项仍将继续存在。</blockquote></p><p><h2>Our Four Giants</h2>Through Berkshire, our shareholders own many dozens of businesses. Some of these, in turn, have a collection of subsidiaries of their own. For example, Marmon has more than 100 individual business operations, ranging from the leasing of railroad cars to the manufacture of medical devices.</p><p><blockquote><h2>我们的四大巨头</h2>通过伯克希尔，我们的股东拥有数十家企业。反过来，其中一些又有自己的子公司。例如，Marmon拥有100多项个体业务，从铁路车辆租赁到医疗设备制造。</blockquote></p><p>• Nevertheless, operations of our “Big Four” companies account for a very large chunk of Berkshire’s value. Leading this list is our cluster of insurers. Berkshire effectively owns 100% of this group, whose massive float value we earlier described. The invested assets of these insurers are further enlarged by the extraordinary amount of capital we invest to back up their promises.</p><p><blockquote>·尽管如此，我们的“四大”公司的运营在伯克希尔的价值中占了非常大的一块。领先的是我们的保险公司集群。伯克希尔实际上拥有该集团100%的股份，其巨大的流通价值我们之前描述过。我们为支持这些保险公司的承诺而投入的大量资本进一步扩大了这些保险公司的投资资产。</blockquote></p><p>The insurance business is made to order for Berkshire. The product will never be obsolete, and sales volume will generally increase along with both economic growth and inflation. Also, integrity and capital will forever be important. Our company can and will behave well.</p><p><blockquote>保险业务是为伯克希尔定制的。该产品永远不会过时，销量通常会随着经济增长和通货膨胀而增加。此外，诚信和资本永远很重要。我们公司能够也将会表现良好。</blockquote></p><p>There are, of course, other insurers with excellent business models and prospects. Replication of Berkshire’s operation, however, would be almost impossible.</p><p><blockquote>当然，还有其他保险公司拥有出色的商业模式和前景。然而，复制伯克希尔的运作几乎是不可能的。</blockquote></p><p>• Apple – our runner-up Giant as measured by its yearend market value – is a different sort of holding. Here, our ownership is a mere 5.55%, up from 5.39% a year earlier. That increase sounds like small potatoes. But consider that each 0.1% of Apple’s 2021 earnings amounted to $100 million. We spent no Berkshire funds to gain our accretion. Apple’s repurchases did the job.</p><p><blockquote>·苹果——以年终市值衡量，它是我们的第二大巨头——是一种不同的持股类型。在这里，我们的持股比例仅为5.55%，高于一年前的5.39%。这种增长听起来像是小事。但考虑到苹果2021年盈利的0.1%总计1亿美元。我们没有花费伯克希尔的资金来获得我们的增长。苹果的回购起到了作用。</blockquote></p><p>It’s important to understand that only dividends from Apple are counted in the GAAP earnings Berkshire reports – and last year, Apple paid us $785 million of those. Yet our “share” of Apple’s earnings amounted to a staggering $5.6 billion. Much of what the company retained was used to repurchase Apple shares, an act we applaud. Tim Cook, Apple’s brilliant CEO, quite properly regards users of Apple products as his first love, but all of his other constituencies benefit from Tim’s managerial touch as well.</p><p><blockquote>重要的是要明白，伯克希尔的GAAP收益报告中只有苹果的股息被计算在内——去年，苹果支付了其中的7.85亿美元。然而，我们在苹果收益中的“份额”达到了惊人的56亿美元。该公司保留的大部分资金用于回购苹果股票，我们对此表示赞赏。苹果杰出的首席执行官蒂姆·库克（Tim Cook）非常恰当地将苹果产品的用户视为他的初恋，但他的所有其他支持者也受益于蒂姆的管理风格。</blockquote></p><p>• BNSF, our third Giant, continues to be the number one artery of American commerce, which makes it an indispensable asset for America as well as for Berkshire. If the many essential products BNSF carries were instead hauled by truck, America’s carbon emissions would soar.</p><p><blockquote>•我们的第三大巨头BNSF仍然是美国商业的头号动脉，这使它成为美国和伯克希尔不可或缺的资产。如果BNSF运输的许多基本产品改为用卡车运输，美国的碳排放量将会飙升。</blockquote></p><p>Your railroad had record earnings of $6 billion in 2021. Here, it should be noted, we are talking about the old-fashioned sort of earnings that we favor: a figure calculated after interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and all forms of compensation. (Our definition suggests a warning: Deceptive “adjustments” to earnings – to use a polite description – have become both more frequent and more fanciful as stocks have risen. Speaking less politely, I would say that bull markets breed bloviated bull )</p><p><blockquote>你们的铁路在2021年的收入达到了创纪录的60亿美元。这里应该指出的是，我们谈论的是我们喜欢的老式收入：扣除利息、税收、折旧、摊销和所有形式的补偿后计算的数字。（我们的定义暗示了一个警告：随着股市上涨，欺骗性的盈利“调整”——用礼貌的描述——变得越来越频繁，也越来越异想天开。不那么礼貌地说，我会说牛市滋生了混乱的牛市）</blockquote></p><p>BNSF trains traveled 143 million miles last year and carried 535 million tons of cargo. Both accomplishments far exceed those of any other American carrier. You can be proud of your railroad.</p><p><blockquote>BNSF列车去年行驶了1.43亿英里，运载了5.35亿吨货物。这两项成就都远远超过了任何其他美国航空公司。你可以为你的铁路感到骄傲。</blockquote></p><p>• BHE, our final Giant, earned a record $4 billion in 2021. That’s up more than 30-fold from the $122 million earned in 2000, the year that Berkshire first purchased a BHE stake. Now, Berkshire owns 91.1% of the company.</p><p><blockquote>•我们最后的巨头BHE在2021年赚了创纪录的40亿美元。这比2000年（伯克希尔哈撒韦公司首次购买BHE股份的那一年）的1.22亿美元收入增长了30多倍。现在，伯克希尔拥有该公司91.1%的股份。</blockquote></p><p></p><p>BHE’s record of societal accomplishment is as remarkable as its financial performance. The company had no wind or solar generation in 2000. It was then regarded simply as a relatively new and minor participant in the huge electric utility industry. Subsequently, under David Sokol’s and Greg Abel’s leadership, BHE has become a utility powerhouse (no groaning, please) and a leading force in wind, solar and transmission throughout much of the United States.</p><p><blockquote>BHE的社会成就记录与其财务表现一样引人注目。该公司在2000年没有风能或太阳能发电。当时，它只是被视为庞大的电力行业中一个相对较新的次要参与者。随后，在David Sokol和Greg Abel的领导下，BHE已成为一家公用事业巨头（请不要呻吟）以及美国大部分地区风能、太阳能和输电领域的主导力量。</blockquote></p><p>Greg’s report on these accomplishments appears on pages A-3 and A-4. The profile you will find there is not in any way one of those currently-fashionable “green-washing” stories. BHE has been faithfully detailing its plans and performance in renewables and transmissions every year since 2007.</p><p><blockquote>格雷格关于这些成就的报告出现在A-3和A-4页。你会在那里找到的简介绝不是那些当前流行的“洗绿”故事。自2007年以来，BHE每年都忠实地详细介绍其在可再生能源和输电方面的计划和业绩。</blockquote></p><p>To further review this information, visit BHE’s website at brkenergy.com. There, you will see that the company has long been making climate-conscious moves that soak up all of its earnings. More opportunities lie ahead. BHE has the management, the experience, the capital and the appetite for the huge power projects that our country needs.</p><p><blockquote>要进一步查看这些信息，请访问BHE在brkenergy.com的网站。在那里，你会看到该公司长期以来一直在采取气候意识举措，吸收了其所有收益。更多的机会就在前方。BHE拥有我国所需的管理、经验、资金和巨大电力项目的胃口。</blockquote></p><p><h2>Investments</h2>Now let’s talk about companies we don’t control, a list that again references Apple. Below we list our fifteen largest equity holdings, several of which are selections of Berkshire’s two long-time investment managers, Todd Combs and Ted Weschler. At yearend, this valued pair had total authority in respect to $34 billion of investments, many of which do not meet the threshold value we use in the table. Also, a significant portion of the dollars that Todd and Ted manage are lodged in various pension plans of Berkshire-owned businesses, with the assets of these plans not included in this table.</p><p><blockquote><h2>投资</h2>现在让我们谈谈我们不控制的公司，这份名单再次提到了苹果。下面我们列出了我们持有的15只最大的股票，其中几只是伯克希尔的两位长期投资经理托德·库姆斯和特德·韦施勒的精选。截至年底，这对有价值的投资拥有340亿美元投资的总权限，其中许多投资不符合我们在表中使用的阈值。此外，托德和特德管理的很大一部分资金存入伯克希尔旗下企业的各种养老金计划，这些计划的资产不包括在本表中。</blockquote></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d43587e9f59c0ff76e6c04c6bf9af324\" tg-width=\"1047\" tg-height=\"530\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>* This is our actual purchase price and also our tax basis.</p><p><blockquote>*这是我们的实际购买价格，也是我们的计税基础。</blockquote></p><p>** Held by BHE; consequently, Berkshire shareholders have only a 91.1% interest in this position.</p><p><blockquote>**由BHE持有；因此，伯克希尔股东在该职位上仅拥有91.1%的权益。</blockquote></p><p>*** Includes a $10 billion investment in Occidental Petroleum, consisting of preferred stock and warrants to buy common stock, a combination now being valued at $10.7 billion.</p><p><blockquote>***包括对西方石油公司100亿美元的投资，包括优先股和购买普通股的认股权证，目前这一组合的价值为107亿美元。</blockquote></p><p>In addition to the footnoted Occidental holding and our various common-stock positions, Berkshire also owns a 26.6% interest in Kraft Heinz (accounted for on the “equity” method, not market value, and carried at $13.1 billion) and 38.6% of Pilot Corp., a leader in travel centers that had revenues last year of $45 billion.</p><p><blockquote>除了脚注中提到的Occidental holding和我们的各种普通股头寸之外，Berkshire还拥有卡夫亨氏26.6%的权益（按“权益”法核算，而不是市值，账面价值为131亿美元）和Pilot Corp.38.6%的权益，Pilot Corp.是旅游中心的领导者，去年的收入为450亿美元。</blockquote></p><p>Since we purchased our Pilot stake in 2017, this holding has warranted “equity” accounting treatment. Early in 2023, Berkshire will purchase an additional interest in Pilot that will raise our ownership to 80% and lead to our fully consolidating Pilot’s earnings, assets and liabilities in our financial statements.</p><p><blockquote>自从我们在2017年购买了我们的试点股份以来，这种持股已经保证了“权益”会计处理。2023年初，伯克希尔将购买Pilot的额外权益，这将使我们的所有权提高到80%，并使我们在财务报表中完全合并Pilot的收益、资产和负债。</blockquote></p><p><h2>U.S. Treasury Bills</h2>Berkshire’s balance sheet includes $144 billion of cash and cash equivalents (excluding the holdings of BNSF and BHE). Of this sum, $120 billion is held in U.S. Treasury bills, all maturing in less than a year. That stake leaves Berkshire financing about 12 of 1% of the publicly-held national debt.</p><p><blockquote><h2>美国国库券</h2>伯克希尔的资产负债表包括1440亿美元的现金和现金等价物（不包括持有的BNSF和BHE）。其中，1200亿美元是美国国库券，全部在不到一年的时间内到期。这些股份使伯克希尔哈撒韦公司为公共持有的国债的1%中的约12提供融资。</blockquote></p><p>Charlie and I have pledged that Berkshire (along with our subsidiaries other than BNSF and BHE) will always hold more than $30 billion of cash and equivalents. We want your company to be financially impregnable and never dependent on the kindness of strangers (or even that of friends). Both of us like to sleep soundly, and we want our creditors, insurance claimants and you to do so as well.</p><p><blockquote>查理和我承诺，伯克希尔（连同我们除BNSF和BHE之外的子公司）将始终持有超过300亿美元的现金和等价物。我们希望你的公司在财务上坚不可摧，永远不要依赖陌生人（甚至朋友）的善意。我们都喜欢睡得很香，我们希望我们的债权人、保险索赔人和你也这样做。</blockquote></p><p><h2>But $144 billion?</h2>That imposing sum, I assure you, is not some deranged expression of patriotism. Nor have Charlie and I lost our overwhelming preference for business ownership. Indeed, I first manifested my enthusiasm for that 80 years ago, on March 11, 1942, when I purchased three shares of Cities Services preferred stock. Their cost was $114.75 and required all of my savings. (The Dow Jones Industrial Average that day closed at 99, a fact that should scream to you: Never bet against America.)</p><p><blockquote><h2>但是1440亿美元？</h2>我向你保证，这笔巨额资金并不是某种疯狂的爱国主义表达。查理和我也没有失去对企业所有权的压倒性偏好。事实上，80年前的1942年3月11日，我第一次表现出了我对此的热情，当时我购买了三股城市服务公司的优先股。它们的成本是114.75美元，需要我所有的积蓄。（道琼斯工业平均指数当天收于99点，这个事实应该让你尖叫：永远不要做空美国。）</blockquote></p><p>After my initial plunge, I always kept at least 80% of my net worth in equities. My favored status throughout that period was 100% – and still is. Berkshire’s current 80%-or-so position in businesses is a consequence of my failure to find entire companies or small portions thereof (that is, marketable stocks) which meet our criteria for long- term holding.</p><p><blockquote>在我最初的暴跌之后，我总是将至少80%的净资产投资于股票。在那段时间里，我最喜欢的状态是100%——现在仍然如此。伯克希尔目前80%左右的企业头寸是我未能找到符合我们长期持有标准的整个公司或其中一小部分（即有价证券）的结果。</blockquote></p><p>Charlie and I have endured similar cash-heavy positions from time to time in the past. These periods are never pleasant; they are also never permanent. And, fortunately, we have had a mildly attractive alternative during 2020 and 2021 for deploying capital. Read on.</p><p><blockquote>查理和我过去也不时经历过类似的现金密集型头寸。这些时期从来都不愉快；它们也不是永久的。幸运的是，我们在2020年和2021年期间有一个稍微有吸引力的资本部署替代方案。继续读下去。</blockquote></p><p></p><p><h2>Share Repurchases</h2>There are three ways that we can increase the value of your investment. The first is always front and center in our minds: Increase the long-term earning power of Berkshire’s controlled businesses through internal growth or by making acquisitions. Today, internal opportunities deliver far better returns than acquisitions. The size of those opportunities, however, is small compared to Berkshire’s resources.</p><p><blockquote><h2>股份购回</h2>我们有三种方法可以增加您的投资价值。第一个始终是我们最关心的问题：通过内部增长或收购来提高伯克希尔控制业务的长期盈利能力。如今，内部机会比收购带来更好的回报。然而，与伯克希尔的资源相比，这些机会的规模很小。</blockquote></p><p>Our second choice is to buy non-controlling part-interests in the many good or great businesses that are publicly traded. From time to time, such possibilities are both numerous and blatantly attractive. Today, though, we find little that excites us.</p><p><blockquote>我们的第二个选择是购买许多公开交易的优秀或伟大企业的非控股部分权益。有时，这样的可能性既众多又极具吸引力。然而今天，我们很少发现让我们兴奋的东西。</blockquote></p><p>That’s largely because of a truism: Long-term interest rates that are low push the prices of all productive investments upward, whether these are stocks, apartments, farms, oil wells, whatever. Other factors influence valuations as well, but interest rates will always be important.</p><p><blockquote>这在很大程度上是因为一个不言而喻的事实：低长期利率会推高所有生产性投资的价格，无论是股票、公寓、农场、油井等等。其他因素也会影响估值，但利率始终很重要。</blockquote></p><p>Our final path to value creation is to repurchase Berkshire shares. Through that simple act, we increase your share of the many controlled and non-controlled businesses Berkshire owns. When the price/value equation is right, this path is the easiest and most certain way for us to increase your wealth. (Alongside the accretion of value to continuing shareholders, a couple of other parties gain: Repurchases are modestly beneficial to the seller of the repurchased shares and to society as well.)</p><p><blockquote>我们创造价值的最终途径是回购伯克希尔股票。通过这一简单的行为，我们增加了您在伯克希尔拥有的许多受控和非受控业务中的份额。当价格/价值等式正确时，这条路径是我们增加您财富的最简单、最确定的方式。（除了持续股东的价值增加之外，其他一些人也会受益：回购对回购股票的卖方和社会都有适度的好处。）</blockquote></p><p>Periodically, as alternative paths become unattractive, repurchases make good sense for Berkshire’s owners. During the past two years, we therefore repurchased 9% of the shares that were outstanding at yearend 2019 for a total cost of $51.7 billion. That expenditure left our continuing shareholders owning about 10% more of all Berkshire businesses, whether these are wholly-owned (such as BNSF and GEICO) or partly-owned (such as Coca-Cola and Moody’s).</p><p><blockquote>周期性地，随着替代路径变得没有吸引力，回购对伯克希尔的所有者来说是有意义的。因此，在过去两年中，我们回购了2019年底已发行股票的9%，总成本为517亿美元。这笔支出使我们的持续股东拥有伯克希尔所有业务约10%的股份，无论这些业务是全资拥有的（如BNSF和GEICO）还是部分拥有的（如可口可乐和穆迪）。</blockquote></p><p>I want to underscore that for Berkshire repurchases to make sense, our shares must offer appropriate value. We don’t want to overpay for the shares of other companies, and it would be value-destroying if we were to overpay when we are buying Berkshire. As of February 23, 2022, since yearend we repurchased additional shares at a cost of $1.2 billion. Our appetite remains large but will always remain price-dependent.</p><p><blockquote>我想强调的是，为了让伯克希尔的回购有意义，我们的股票必须提供适当的价值。我们不想为其他公司的股票支付过高的价格，如果我们在购买伯克希尔时支付过高的价格，那将是对价值的破坏。截至2022年2月23日，自年底以来，我们以12亿美元的成本回购了额外股票。我们的胃口仍然很大，但将始终取决于价格。</blockquote></p><p>It should be noted that Berkshire’s buyback opportunities are limited because of its high-class investor base. If our shares were heavily held by short-term speculators, both price volatility and transaction volumes would materially increase. That kind of reshaping would offer us far greater opportunities for creating value by making repurchases. Nevertheless, Charlie and I far prefer the owners we have, even though their admirable buy-and-keep attitudes limit the extent to which long-term shareholders can profit from opportunistic repurchases.</p><p><blockquote>需要注意的是，伯克希尔的回购机会有限，因为其投资者基础很高。倘我们的股份被短期投机者大量持有，价格波动及交易量将大幅增加。这种重塑将为我们提供更多通过回购创造价值的机会。然而，查理和我更喜欢我们现有的所有者，尽管他们令人钦佩的买入并持有态度限制了长期股东从机会主义回购中获利的程度。</blockquote></p><p>Finally, one easily-overlooked value calculation specific to Berkshire: As we’ve discussed, insurance “float” of the right sort is of great value to us. As it happens, repurchases automatically increase the amount of “float” per share. That figure has increased during the past two years by 25% – going from $79,387 per “A” share to $99,497, a meaningful gain that, as noted, owes some thanks to repurchases.</p><p><blockquote>最后，一个容易被忽视的伯克希尔特有的价值计算：正如我们已经讨论过的，正确类型的保险“浮动”对我们来说非常有价值。碰巧的是，回购会自动增加每股的“流通量”。这一数字在过去两年中增长了25%，从每股“A”股79,387美元增至99,497美元，如前所述，这一有意义的涨幅在一定程度上要归功于回购。</blockquote></p><p><h2>A Wonderful Man and a Wonderful Business</h2>Last year, Paul Andrews died. Paul was the founder and CEO of TTI, a Fort Worth-based subsidiary of Berkshire. Throughout his life – in both his business and his personal pursuits – Paul quietly displayed all the qualities that Charlie and I admire. His story should be told.</p><p><blockquote><h2>一个了不起的人和一个了不起的企业</h2>去年，保罗·安德鲁斯去世了。保罗是伯克希尔哈撒韦公司位于沃思堡的子公司TTI的创始人兼首席执行官。在他的一生中——在他的事业和个人追求中——保罗悄悄地展示了查理和我所钦佩的所有品质。他的故事应该被讲述。</blockquote></p><p>In 1971, Paul was working as a purchasing agent for General Dynamics when the roof fell in. After losing a huge defense contract, the company fired thousands of employees, including Paul.</p><p><blockquote>1971年，当屋顶倒塌时，保罗正在通用动力公司担任采购代理。在失去一份巨额国防合同后，该公司解雇了数千名员工，其中包括保罗。</blockquote></p><p>With his first child due soon, Paul decided to bet on himself, using $500 of his savings to found Tex-Tronics (later renamed TTI). The company set itself up to distribute small electronic components, and first-year sales totaled $112,000. Today, TTI markets more than one million different items with annual volume of $7.7 billion.</p><p><blockquote>随着他的第一个孩子即将出生，保罗决定把赌注押在自己身上，用他的500美元积蓄创办了Tex-Tronics（后来更名为TTI）。该公司致力于分销小型电子元件，第一年的销售额总计112,000美元。如今，创科实业销售超过100万种不同的产品，年销售额达77亿美元。</blockquote></p><p>But back to 2006: Paul, at 63, then found himself happy with his family, his job, and his associates. But he had one nagging worry, heightened because he had recently witnessed a friend’s early death and the disastrous results that followed for that man’s family and business. What, Paul asked himself in 2006, would happen to the many people depending on him if he should unexpectedly die?</p><p><blockquote>但回到2006年：63岁的保罗发现自己对家庭、工作和同事都很满意。但他有一个挥之不去的担忧，因为他最近目睹了一个朋友的早逝以及随之而来的对那个人的家庭和生意的灾难性后果，这种担忧加剧了。保罗在2006年问自己，如果他意外去世，许多依赖他的人会怎么样？</blockquote></p><p>For a year, Paul wrestled with his options. Sell to a competitor? From a strictly economic viewpoint, that course made the most sense. After all, competitors could envision lucrative “synergies” – savings that would be achieved as the acquiror slashed duplicated functions at TTI.</p><p><blockquote>一年来，保罗一直在纠结自己的选择。卖给竞争对手？从严格的经济角度来看，这个过程是最有意义的。毕竟，竞争对手可以设想利润丰厚的“协同效应”——随着收购方削减TTI的重复职能，将实现节省。</blockquote></p><p></p><p>But . . . Such a purchaser would most certainly also retain its CFO, its legal counsel, its HR unit. Their TTI counterparts would therefore be sent packing. And ugh! If a new distribution center were to be needed, the acquirer’s home city would certainly be favored over Fort Worth.</p><p><blockquote>但是...这样的购买者肯定还会保留其首席财务官、法律顾问和人力资源部门。因此，他们的TTI同行将被打包发送。还有啊！如果需要一个新的配送中心，收购方的家乡城市肯定会比沃思堡更受青睐。</blockquote></p><p>Whatever the financial benefits, Paul quickly concluded that selling to a competitor was not for him. He next considered seeking a financial buyer, a species once labeled – aptly so – a leveraged buyout firm. Paul knew, however, that such a purchaser would be focused on an “exit strategy.” And who could know what that would be? Brooding over it all, Paul found himself having no interest in handing his 35-year-old creation over to a reseller.</p><p><blockquote>不管经济利益如何，保罗很快得出结论，卖给竞争对手不适合他。接下来，他考虑寻找一家金融买家，这种买家曾经被恰当地称为杠杆收购公司。然而，保罗知道这样的买家会专注于“退出策略”。谁知道那会是什么？考虑到这一切，保罗发现自己没有兴趣将他35岁的创作交给经销商。</blockquote></p><p>When Paul met me, he explained why he had eliminated these two alternatives as buyers. He then summed up his dilemma by saying – in far more tactful phrasing than this – “After a year of pondering the alternatives, I want to sell to Berkshire because you are the only guy left.” So, I made an offer and Paul said “Yes.” One meeting; one lunch; one deal.</p><p><blockquote>当保罗见到我时，他解释了为什么他作为买家排除了这两种选择。然后，他用比这更委婉的措辞总结了自己的困境：“经过一年的思考，我想把它卖给伯克希尔，因为你是唯一剩下的人。”所以，我提出了一个提议，保罗答应了。一次会议；一顿午餐；一笔交易。</blockquote></p><p>To say we both lived happily ever after is an understatement. When Berkshire purchased TTI, the company employed 2,387. Now the number is 8,043. A large percentage of that growth took place in Fort Worth and environs. Earnings have increased 673%.</p><p><blockquote>说我们从此过上了幸福的生活是一种保守的说法。当伯克希尔收购TTI时，该公司拥有2,387名员工。现在这个数字是8043。其中很大一部分增长发生在沃思堡及周边地区。盈利增长了673%。</blockquote></p><p>Annually, I would call Paul and tell him his salary should be substantially increased. Annually, he would tell me, “We can talk about that next year, Warren; I’m too busy now.”</p><p><blockquote>每年，我都会给保罗发看涨期权，告诉他他的薪水应该大幅增加。每年，他都会告诉我，“我们可以明年再谈这个，沃伦，我现在太忙了。”</blockquote></p><p>When Greg Abel and I attended Paul’s memorial service, we met children, grandchildren, long-time associates (including TTI’s first employee) and John Roach, the former CEO of a Fort Worth company Berkshire had purchased in 2000. John had steered his friend Paul to Omaha, instinctively knowing we would be a match.</p><p><blockquote>当格雷格·阿贝尔和我参加保罗的追悼会时，我们见到了孩子、孙子、长期合作伙伴（包括创科实业的第一位员工）和约翰·罗奇，他是伯克希尔2000年收购的沃斯堡一家公司的前首席执行官。约翰带着他的朋友保罗去了奥马哈，本能地知道我们会是一对。</blockquote></p><p>At the service, Greg and I heard about the multitudes of people and organizations that Paul had silently supported. The breadth of his generosity was extraordinary – geared always to improving the lives of others, particularly those in Fort Worth.</p><p><blockquote>在仪式上，格雷格和我听说了保罗默默支持的许多人和组织。他的慷慨是非凡的——总是致力于改善他人的生活，尤其是那些在沃思堡的人。</blockquote></p><p>In all ways, Paul was a class act.</p><p><blockquote>从各方面来看，保罗都是一流的。</blockquote></p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p><blockquote>**</blockquote></p><p>Good luck – occasionally extraordinary luck – has played its part at Berkshire. If Paul and I had not enjoyed a mutual friend – John Roach – TTI would not have found its home with us. But that ample serving of luck was only the beginning. TTI was soon to lead Berkshire to its most important acquisition.</p><p><blockquote>好运——偶尔是非凡的运气——在伯克希尔发挥了作用。如果保罗和我没有一个共同的朋友——约翰·罗奇——TTI就不会在我们身边找到它的家。但是这种充足的运气仅仅是个开始。TTI很快就带领伯克希尔完成了其最重要的收购。</blockquote></p><p>Every fall, Berkshire directors gather for a presentation by a few of our executives. We sometimes choose the site based upon the location of a recent acquisition, by that means allowing directors to meet the new subsidiary’s CEO and learn more about the acquiree’s activities.</p><p><blockquote>每年秋天，伯克希尔的董事们都会聚集在一起，听取我们几位高管的演讲。我们有时会根据最近收购的地点来选择地点，这样可以让董事会见新子公司的首席执行官，并更多地了解被收购方的活动。</blockquote></p><p>In the fall of 2009, we consequently selected Fort Worth so that we could visit TTI. At that time, BNSF, which also had Fort Worth as its hometown, was the third-largest holding among our marketable equities. Despite that large stake, I had never visited the railroad’s headquarters.</p><p><blockquote>因此，在2009年秋天，我们选择了沃思堡，这样我们就可以参观TTI。当时，BNSF的家乡也是沃思堡，是我们有价证券中的第三大持股。尽管有这么大的股份，我从未去过铁路总部。</blockquote></p><p>Deb Bosanek, my assistant, scheduled our board’s opening dinner for October 22. Meanwhile, I arranged to arrive earlier that day to meet with Matt Rose, CEO of BNSF, whose accomplishments I had long admired. When I made the date, I had no idea that our get-together would coincide with BNSF’s third-quarter earnings report, which was released late on the 22nd.</p><p><blockquote>我的助手Deb Bosanek将我们董事会的开幕晚宴安排在10月22日。与此同时，我安排当天早些时候到达，会见BNSF首席执行官马特·罗斯，他的成就我长期以来一直钦佩。当我确定这个日期时，我不知道我们的聚会会恰逢BNSF于22日晚些时候发布的第三季度收益报告。</blockquote></p><p>The market reacted badly to the railroad’s results. The Great Recession was in full force in the third quarter, and BNSF’s earnings reflected that slump. The economic outlook was also bleak, and Wall Street wasn’t feeling friendly to railroads – or much else.</p><p><blockquote>市场对铁路公司的业绩反应不佳。大衰退在第三季度全面爆发，BNSF的盈利反映了这种下滑。经济前景也很黯淡，华尔街对铁路或其他许多行业都不太友好。</blockquote></p><p>On the following day, I again got together with Matt and suggested that Berkshire would offer the railroad a better long-term home than it could expect as a public company. I also told him the maximum price that Berkshire would pay.</p><p><blockquote>第二天，我再次和马特聚在一起，建议伯克希尔为铁路公司提供一个比上市公司更好的长期住所。我还告诉了他伯克希尔愿意支付的最高价格。</blockquote></p><p>Matt relayed the offer to his directors and advisors. Eleven busy days later, Berkshire and BNSF announced a firm deal. And here I’ll venture a rare prediction: BNSF will be a key asset for Berkshire and our country a century from now.</p><p><blockquote>马特向他的董事和顾问转达了这一提议。忙碌了11天后，伯克希尔和BNSF宣布了一项确定的交易。在这里，我大胆地做一个罕见的预测：一个世纪后，BNSF将成为伯克希尔和我们国家的关键资产。</blockquote></p><p>The BNSF acquisition would never have happened if Paul Andrews hadn’t sized up Berkshire as the right home for TTI.</p><p><blockquote>如果保罗·安德鲁斯(Paul Andrews)没有将伯克希尔视为TTI的合适住所，BNSF的收购永远不会发生。</blockquote></p><p><h2>Thanks</h2>I taught my first investing class 70 years ago. Since then, I have enjoyed working almost every year with students of all ages, finally “retiring” from that pursuit in 2018.</p><p><blockquote><h2>谢谢</h2>70年前，我教了我的第一堂投资课。从那以后，我几乎每年都喜欢和各个年龄段的学生一起工作，最终在2018年从这种追求中“退休”。</blockquote></p><p>Along the way, my toughest audience was my grandson’s fifth-grade class. The 11-year-olds were squirming in their seats and giving me blank stares until I mentioned Coca-Cola and its famous secret formula. Instantly, every hand went up, and I learned that “secrets” are catnip to kids.</p><p><blockquote>一路上，我最难对付的观众是我孙子五年级的班级。11岁的孩子们在座位上蠕动，茫然地看着我，直到我提到可口可乐和它著名的秘密配方。立刻，每个人都举起了手，我明白了“秘密”对孩子们来说是猫薄荷。</blockquote></p><p></p><p>Teaching, like writing, has helped me develop and clarify my own thoughts. Charlie calls this phenomenon the orangutan effect: If you sit down with an orangutan and carefully explain to it one of your cherished ideas, you may leave behind a puzzled primate, but will yourself exit thinking more clearly.</p><p><blockquote>教学和写作一样，帮助我发展和理清了自己的思想。查理·评级这种现象猩猩效应：如果你和一只猩猩坐下来，仔细地向它解释你珍视的一个想法，你可能会留下一只困惑的灵长类动物，但你自己会更清楚地思考吗？</blockquote></p><p>Talking to university students is far superior. I have urged that they seek employment in (1) the field and (2) with the kind of people they would select, if they had no need for money. Economic realities, I acknowledge, may interfere with that kind of search. Even so, I urge the students never to give up the quest, for when they find that sort of job, they will no longer be “working.”</p><p><blockquote>和大学生说话要优越得多。我敦促他们在（1）这个领域和（2）如果他们不需要钱，他们会选择的那种人那里找工作。我承认，经济现实可能会干扰这种搜索。即便如此，我敦促学生们永远不要放弃追求，因为当他们找到那种工作时，他们将不再是“工作”。</blockquote></p><p>Charlie and I, ourselves, followed that liberating course after a few early stumbles. We both started as part- timers at my grandfather’s grocery store, Charlie in 1940 and I in 1942. We were each assigned boring tasks and paid little, definitely not what we had in mind. Charlie later took up law, and I tried selling securities. Job satisfaction continued to elude us.</p><p><blockquote>查理和我，我们自己，在经历了一些早期的挫折后，走上了解放的道路。我们都是从我祖父的杂货店兼职开始的，查理是1940年，我是1942年。我们每个人都被分配了无聊的任务，报酬很低，绝对不是我们想要的。查理后来从事法律工作，我尝试出售证券。工作满意度继续困扰着我们。</blockquote></p><p>Finally, at Berkshire, we found what we love to do. With very few exceptions, we have now “worked” for many decades with people whom we like and trust. It’s a joy in life to join with managers such as Paul Andrews or the Berkshire families I told you about last year. In our home office, we employ decent and talented people – no jerks. Turnover averages, perhaps, one person per year.</p><p><blockquote>最后，在伯克希尔，我们找到了自己喜欢做的事情。除了极少数例外，我们现在已经和我们喜欢和信任的人“工作”了几十年。与保罗·安德鲁斯或我去年告诉过你的伯克希尔家族等经理人一起工作是生活中的一种乐趣。在我们的家庭办公室，我们雇佣体面和有才华的人——没有混蛋。平均离职人数可能是每年一人。</blockquote></p><p>I would like, however, to emphasize a further item that turns our jobs into fun and satisfaction working</p><p><blockquote>然而，我想强调另一个项目，它将我们的工作变成有趣和令人满意的工作</blockquote></p><p>for you. There is nothing more rewarding to Charlie and me than enjoying the trust of individual long-term shareholders who, for many decades, have joined us with the expectation that we would be a reliable custodian of their funds.</p><p><blockquote>为了你。对查理和我来说，没有什么比享受个人长期股东的信任更有意义的了，几十年来，他们加入我们的期望是我们将成为他们资金的可靠托管人。</blockquote></p><p>Obviously, we can’t select our owners, as we could do if our form of operation were a partnership. Anyone can buy shares of Berkshire today with the intention of soon reselling them. For sure, we get a few of that type of shareholder, just as we get index funds that own huge amounts of Berkshire simply because they are required to do so.</p><p><blockquote>显然，我们不能选择我们的所有者，如果我们的运营形式是合伙企业，我们可以这样做。任何人今天都可以购买伯克希尔的股票，并打算很快转售。当然，我们有一些此类股东，就像我们有指数基金持有大量伯克希尔哈撒韦公司股票一样，因为它们被要求这样做。</blockquote></p><p>To a truly unusual degree, however, Berkshire has as owners a very large corps of individuals and families that have elected to join us with an intent approaching “til death do us part.” Often, they have trusted us with a large – some might say excessive – portion of their savings.</p><p><blockquote>然而，在一个真正不寻常的程度上，伯克希尔拥有一大批个人和家庭作为所有者，他们选择加入我们，意图是“直到死亡将我们分开”。通常，他们把很大一部分——有些人可能会说是过多的——储蓄托付给我们。</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire, these shareholders would sometimes acknowledge, might be far from the best selection they could have made. But they would add that Berkshire would rank high among those with which they would be most comfortable. And people who are comfortable with their investments will, on average, achieve better results than those who are motivated by ever-changing headlines, chatter and promises.</p><p><blockquote>这些股东有时会承认，伯克希尔可能远不是他们所能做出的最佳选择。但他们会补充说，伯克希尔将在他们最满意的公司中排名靠前。平均而言，对自己的投资感到满意的人会比那些被不断变化的头条新闻、喋喋不休和承诺所激励的人取得更好的结果。</blockquote></p><p>Long-term individual owners are both the “partners” Charlie and I have always sought and the ones we constantly have in mind as we make decisions at Berkshire. To them we say, “It feels good to ‘work’ for you, and you have our thanks for your trust.”</p><p><blockquote>长期个人所有者既是查理和我一直在寻找的“合作伙伴”，也是我们在伯克希尔做决策时一直牢记的“合作伙伴”。我们对他们说：“为你们‘工作’的感觉真好，我们感谢你们的信任。”</blockquote></p><p><h2>The Annual Meeting</h2>Clear your calendar! Berkshire will have its annual gathering of capitalists in Omaha on Friday, April 29th through Sunday, May 1st. The details regarding the weekend are laid out on pages A-1 and A-2. Omaha eagerly awaits you, as do I.</p><p><blockquote><h2>年会</h2>清除您的日历！伯克希尔将于4月29日星期五至5月1日星期日在奥马哈举行年度资本家聚会。关于周末的细节列在A-1和A-2页。奥马哈急切地等待着你，我也是。</blockquote></p><p>I will end this letter with a sales pitch. “Cousin” Jimmy Buffett has designed a pontoon “party” boat that is now being manufactured by Forest River, a Berkshire subsidiary. The boat will be introduced on April 29 at our Berkshire Bazaar of Bargains. And, for two days only, shareholders will be able to purchase Jimmy’s masterpiece at a 10% discount. Your bargain-hunting chairman will be buying a boat for his family’s use. Join me.</p><p><blockquote>我将以推销来结束这封信。“表哥”吉米·巴菲特设计了一艘浮桥“派对”船，现在由伯克希尔旗下的森林河公司制造。这艘船将于4月29日在我们的伯克希尔便宜货市场推出。而且，仅在两天内，股东就可以以10%的折扣购买吉米的杰作。你的便宜货董事长会买一艘船给他的家人使用。加入我。</blockquote></p><p>February 26, 2022</p><p><blockquote>2022年2月26日</blockquote></p><p>Warren E. Buffett Chairman of the Board</p><p><blockquote>沃伦·E·巴菲特董事会主席</blockquote></p><p></body></html></p><p><blockquote></blockquote></p><p></p>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{"BRK.B":"伯克希尔B","BRK.A":"伯克希尔"},"source_url":"","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1125580913","content_text":"Warren Buffett released his annual letter to Berkshire Hathaway shareholders on Saturday. The 91-year-old investing legend has been publishing the letter for over six decades and it has become required reading for investors around the world.Warren Buffett said he now considers tech giant Apple as one of the four pillars driving Berkshire Hathaway, the conglomerate of mostly old-economy businesses he’s assembled over the last five decades.In his annual letter to shareholders released on Saturday, the 91-year-old investing legend listed Apple under the heading “Our Four Giants” and even called the company the second-most important after Berkshire’s cluster of insurers, thanks to its chief executive.“Tim Cook, Apple’s brilliant CEO, quite properly regards users of Apple products as his first love, but all of his other constituencies benefit from Tim’s managerial touch as well,” the letter stated.Buffett made clear he is a fan of Cook’s stock repurchase strategy, and how it gives the conglomerate increased ownership of each dollar of the iPhone maker’s earnings without the investor having to lift a finger.“Apple – our runner-up Giant as measured by its yearend market value – is a different sort of holding. Here, our ownership is a mere 5.55%, up from 5.39% a year earlier,” Buffett said in the letter. “That increase sounds like small potatoes. But consider that each 0.1% of Apple’s 2021 earnings amounted to $100 million. We spent no Berkshire funds to gain our accretion. Apple’s repurchases did the job.”Berkshire began buying Apple stock in 2016 under the influence of Buffett’s investing deputies Todd Combs and Ted Weschler. By mid-2018, the conglomerate accumulated 5% ownership of the iPhone maker, a stake that cost $36 billion. Today, the Apple investment is now worth more than $160 billion, taking up 40% of Berkshire’s equity portfolio.“It’s important to understand that only dividends from Apple are counted in the GAAP earnings Berkshire reports – and last year, Apple paid us $785 million of those. Yet our ‘share’ of Apple’s earnings amounted to a staggering $5.6 billion. Much of what the company retained was used to repurchase Apple shares, an act we applaud,” Buffett said.Berkshire is Apple’s largest shareholder, outside of index and exchange-traded fund providers.Buffett also credited his railroad business BNSF and energy segment BHE as two other giants of the conglomerate, which both registered record earnings in 2021.“BNSF, our third Giant, continues to be the number one artery of American commerce, which makes it an indispensable asset for America as well as for Berkshire,” Buffett said. “BHE has become a utility powerhouse and a leading force in wind, solar and transmission throughout much of the United States.”Read the full letter here：To the Shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.:Charlie Munger, my long-time partner, and I have the job of managing a portion of your savings. We are honored by your trust.Our position carries with it the responsibility to report to you what we would like to know if we were the absentee owner and you were the manager. We enjoy communicating directly with you through this annual letter, and through the annual meeting as well.Our policy is to treat all shareholders equally. Therefore, we do not hold discussions with analysts nor large institutions. Whenever possible, also, we release important communications on Saturday mornings in order to maximize the time for shareholders and the media to absorb the news before markets open on Monday.A wealth of Berkshire facts and figures are set forth in the annual 10-K that the company regularly files with the S.E.C. and that we reproduce on pages K-1 – K-119. Some shareholders will find this detail engrossing; others will simply prefer to learn what Charlie and I believe is new or interesting at Berkshire.Alas, there was little action of that sort in 2021. We did, though, make reasonable progress in increasing the intrinsic value of your shares. That task has been my primary duty for 57 years. And it will continue to be.What You OwnBerkshire owns a wide variety of businesses, some in their entirety, some only in part. The second group largely consists of marketable common stocks of major American companies. Additionally, we own a few non-U.S. equities and participate in several joint ventures or other collaborative activities.Whatever our form of ownership, our goal is to have meaningful investments in businesses with both durable economic advantages and a first-class CEO. Please note particularly that we own stocks based upon our expectations about their long-term business performance and not because we view them as vehicles for timely market moves. That point is crucial: Charlie and I are not stock-pickers; we are business-pickers.I make many mistakes. Consequently, our extensive collection of businesses includes some enterprises that have truly extraordinary economics, many others that enjoy good economic characteristics, and a few that are marginal. One advantage of our common-stock segment is that – on occasion – it becomes easy to buy pieces of wonderful businesses at wonderful prices. That shooting-fish-in-a-barrel experience is very rare in negotiated transactions and never occurs en masse. It is also far easier to exit from a mistake when it has been made in the marketable arena.Surprise, SurpriseHere are a few items about your company that often surprise even seasoned investors:• Many people perceive Berkshire as a large and somewhat strange collection of financial assets. In truth, Berkshire owns and operates more U.S.-based “infrastructure” assets – classified on our balance sheet as property, plant and equipment – than are owned and operated by any other American corporation. That supremacy has never been our goal. It has, however, become a fact.At yearend, those domestic infrastructure assets were carried on Berkshire’s balance sheet at $158 billion. That number increased last year and will continue to increase. Berkshire always will be building.• Every year, your company makes substantial federal income tax payments. In 2021, for example, we paid$3.3 billion while the U.S. Treasury reported total corporate income-tax receipts of $402 billion. Additionally, Berkshire pays substantial state and foreign taxes. “I gave at the office” is an unassailable assertion when made by Berkshire shareholders.Berkshire’s history vividly illustrates the invisible and often unrecognized financial partnership between  government and American businesses. Our tale begins early in 1955, when Berkshire Fine Spinning and Hathaway Manufacturing agreed to merge their businesses. In their requests for shareholder approval, these venerable New England textile companies expressed high hopes for the combination.The Hathaway solicitation, for example, assured its shareholders that “The combination of the resources and managements will result in one of the strongest and most efficient organizations in the textile industry.” That upbeat view was endorsed by the company’s advisor, Lehman Brothers (yes, that Lehman Brothers).I’m sure it was a joyous day in both Fall River (Berkshire) and New Bedford (Hathaway) when the union was consummated. After the bands stopped playing and the bankers went home, however, the shareholders reaped a disaster.In the nine years following the merger, Berkshire’s owners watched the company’s net worth crater from$51.4 million to $22.1 million. In part, this decline was caused by stock repurchases, ill-advised dividends and plant shutdowns. But nine years of effort by many thousands of employees delivered an operating loss as well. Berkshire’s struggles were not unusual: The New England textile industry had silently entered an extended and non-reversible death march.During the nine post-merger years, the U.S. Treasury suffered as well from Berkshire’s troubles. All told, the company paid the government only $337,359 in income tax during that period – a pathetic $100 per day.Early in 1965, things changed. Berkshire installed new management that redeployed available cash and steered essentially all earnings into a variety of good businesses, most of which remained good through the years. Coupling reinvestment of earnings with the power of compounding worked its magic, and shareholders prospered.Berkshire’s owners, it should be noted, were not the only beneficiary of that course correction. Their “silent partner,” the U.S. Treasury, proceeded to collect many tens of billions of dollars from the company in income tax payments. Remember the $100 daily? Now, Berkshire pays roughly $9 million daily to the Treasury.In fairness to our governmental partner, our shareholders should acknowledge – indeed trumpet – the fact that Berkshire’s prosperity has been fostered mightily because the company has operated in America. Our country would have done splendidly in the years since 1965 without Berkshire. Absent our American home, however, Berkshire would never have come close to becoming what it is today. When you see the flag, say thanks.• From an $8.6 million purchase of National Indemnity in 1967, Berkshire has become the world leader in insurance “float” – money we hold and can invest but that does not belong to us. Including a relatively small sum derived from life insurance, Berkshire’s total float has grown from $19 million when we entered the insurance business to $147 billion.So far, this float has cost us less than nothing. Though we have experienced a number of years when insurance losses combined with operating expenses exceeded premiums, overall we have earned a modest 55-year profit from the underwriting activities that generated our float.Of equal importance, float is very sticky. Funds attributable to our insurance operations come and go daily, but their aggregate total is immune from precipitous decline. When it comes to investing float, we can therefore think long-term.If you are not already familiar with the concept of float, I refer you to a long explanation on page A-5. To my surprise, our float increased $9 billion last year, a buildup of value that is important to Berkshire owners though is not reflected in our GAAP (“generally-accepted accounting principles”) presentation of earnings and net worth.Much of our huge value creation in insurance is attributable to Berkshire’s good luck in my 1986 hiring of Ajit Jain. We first met on a Saturday morning, and I quickly asked Ajit what his insurance experience had been. He replied, “None.”I said, “Nobody’s perfect,” and hired him. That was my lucky day: Ajit actually was as perfect a choice as could have been made. Better yet, he continues to be – 35 years later.One final thought about insurance: I believe that it is likely – but far from assured – that Berkshire’s float can be maintained without our incurring a long-term underwriting loss. I am certain, however, that there will be some years when we experience such losses, perhaps involving very large sums.Berkshire is constructed to handle catastrophic events as no other insurer – and that priority will remain long after Charlie and I are gone.Our Four GiantsThrough Berkshire, our shareholders own many dozens of businesses. Some of these, in turn, have a collection of subsidiaries of their own. For example, Marmon has more than 100 individual business operations, ranging from the leasing of railroad cars to the manufacture of medical devices.• Nevertheless, operations of our “Big Four” companies account for a very large chunk of Berkshire’s value. Leading this list is our cluster of insurers. Berkshire effectively owns 100% of this group, whose massive float value we earlier described. The invested assets of these insurers are further enlarged by the extraordinary amount of capital we invest to back up their promises.The insurance business is made to order for Berkshire. The product will never be obsolete, and sales volume will generally increase along with both economic growth and inflation. Also, integrity and capital will forever be important. Our company can and will behave well.There are, of course, other insurers with excellent business models and prospects. Replication of Berkshire’s operation, however, would be almost impossible.• Apple – our runner-up Giant as measured by its yearend market value – is a different sort of holding. Here, our ownership is a mere 5.55%, up from 5.39% a year earlier. That increase sounds like small potatoes. But consider that each 0.1% of Apple’s 2021 earnings amounted to $100 million. We spent no Berkshire funds to gain our accretion. Apple’s repurchases did the job.It’s important to understand that only dividends from Apple are counted in the GAAP earnings Berkshire reports – and last year, Apple paid us $785 million of those. Yet our “share” of Apple’s earnings amounted to a staggering $5.6 billion. Much of what the company retained was used to repurchase Apple shares, an act we applaud. Tim Cook, Apple’s brilliant CEO, quite properly regards users of Apple products as his first love, but all of his other constituencies benefit from Tim’s managerial touch as well.• BNSF, our third Giant, continues to be the number one artery of American commerce, which makes it an indispensable asset for America as well as for Berkshire. If the many essential products BNSF carries were instead hauled by truck, America’s carbon emissions would soar.Your railroad had record earnings of $6 billion in 2021. Here, it should be noted, we are talking about the old-fashioned sort of earnings that we favor: a figure calculated after interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and all forms of compensation. (Our definition suggests a warning: Deceptive “adjustments” to earnings – to use a polite description – have become both more frequent and more fanciful as stocks have risen. Speaking less politely, I would say that bull markets breed bloviated bull )BNSF trains traveled 143 million miles last year and carried 535 million tons of cargo. Both accomplishments far exceed those of any other American carrier. You can be proud of your railroad.• BHE, our final Giant, earned a record $4 billion in 2021. That’s up more than 30-fold from the $122 million earned in 2000, the year that Berkshire first purchased a BHE stake. Now, Berkshire owns 91.1% of the company.BHE’s record of societal accomplishment is as remarkable as its financial performance. The company had no wind or solar generation in 2000. It was then regarded simply as a relatively new and minor participant in the huge electric utility industry. Subsequently, under David Sokol’s and Greg Abel’s leadership, BHE has become a utility powerhouse (no groaning, please) and a leading force in wind, solar and transmission throughout much of the United States.Greg’s report on these accomplishments appears on pages A-3 and A-4. The profile you will find there is not in any way one of those currently-fashionable “green-washing” stories. BHE has been faithfully detailing its plans and performance in renewables and transmissions every year since 2007.To further review this information, visit BHE’s website at brkenergy.com. There, you will see that the company has long been making climate-conscious moves that soak up all of its earnings. More opportunities lie ahead. BHE has the management, the experience, the capital and the appetite for the huge power projects that our country needs.InvestmentsNow let’s talk about companies we don’t control, a list that again references Apple. Below we list our fifteen largest equity holdings, several of which are selections of Berkshire’s two long-time investment managers, Todd Combs and Ted Weschler. At yearend, this valued pair had total authority in respect to $34 billion of investments, many of which do not meet the threshold value we use in the table. Also, a significant portion of the dollars that Todd and Ted manage are lodged in various pension plans of Berkshire-owned businesses, with the assets of these plans not included in this table.* This is our actual purchase price and also our tax basis.** Held by BHE; consequently, Berkshire shareholders have only a 91.1% interest in this position.*** Includes a $10 billion investment in Occidental Petroleum, consisting of preferred stock and warrants to buy common stock, a combination now being valued at $10.7 billion.In addition to the footnoted Occidental holding and our various common-stock positions, Berkshire also owns a 26.6% interest in Kraft Heinz (accounted for on the “equity” method, not market value, and carried at $13.1 billion) and 38.6% of Pilot Corp., a leader in travel centers that had revenues last year of $45 billion.Since we purchased our Pilot stake in 2017, this holding has warranted “equity” accounting treatment. Early in 2023, Berkshire will purchase an additional interest in Pilot that will raise our ownership to 80% and lead to our fully consolidating Pilot’s earnings, assets and liabilities in our financial statements.U.S. Treasury BillsBerkshire’s balance sheet includes $144 billion of cash and cash equivalents (excluding the holdings of BNSF and BHE). Of this sum, $120 billion is held in U.S. Treasury bills, all maturing in less than a year. That stake leaves Berkshire financing about 12 of 1% of the publicly-held national debt.Charlie and I have pledged that Berkshire (along with our subsidiaries other than BNSF and BHE) will always hold more than $30 billion of cash and equivalents. We want your company to be financially impregnable and never dependent on the kindness of strangers (or even that of friends). Both of us like to sleep soundly, and we want our creditors, insurance claimants and you to do so as well.But $144 billion?That imposing sum, I assure you, is not some deranged expression of patriotism. Nor have Charlie and I lost our overwhelming preference for business ownership. Indeed, I first manifested my enthusiasm for that 80 years ago, on March 11, 1942, when I purchased three shares of Cities Services preferred stock. Their cost was $114.75 and required all of my savings. (The Dow Jones Industrial Average that day closed at 99, a fact that should scream to you: Never bet against America.)After my initial plunge, I always kept at least 80% of my net worth in equities. My favored status throughout that period was 100% – and still is. Berkshire’s current 80%-or-so position in businesses is a consequence of my failure to find entire companies or small portions thereof (that is, marketable stocks) which meet our criteria for long- term holding.Charlie and I have endured similar cash-heavy positions from time to time in the past. These periods are never pleasant; they are also never permanent. And, fortunately, we have had a mildly attractive alternative during 2020 and 2021 for deploying capital. Read on.Share RepurchasesThere are three ways that we can increase the value of your investment. The first is always front and center in our minds: Increase the long-term earning power of Berkshire’s controlled businesses through internal growth or by making acquisitions. Today, internal opportunities deliver far better returns than acquisitions. The size of those opportunities, however, is small compared to Berkshire’s resources.Our second choice is to buy non-controlling part-interests in the many good or great businesses that are publicly traded. From time to time, such possibilities are both numerous and blatantly attractive. Today, though, we find little that excites us.That’s largely because of a truism: Long-term interest rates that are low push the prices of all productive investments upward, whether these are stocks, apartments, farms, oil wells, whatever. Other factors influence valuations as well, but interest rates will always be important.Our final path to value creation is to repurchase Berkshire shares. Through that simple act, we increase your share of the many controlled and non-controlled businesses Berkshire owns. When the price/value equation is right, this path is the easiest and most certain way for us to increase your wealth. (Alongside the accretion of value to continuing shareholders, a couple of other parties gain: Repurchases are modestly beneficial to the seller of the repurchased shares and to society as well.)Periodically, as alternative paths become unattractive, repurchases make good sense for Berkshire’s owners. During the past two years, we therefore repurchased 9% of the shares that were outstanding at yearend 2019 for a total cost of $51.7 billion. That expenditure left our continuing shareholders owning about 10% more of all Berkshire businesses, whether these are wholly-owned (such as BNSF and GEICO) or partly-owned (such as Coca-Cola and Moody’s).I want to underscore that for Berkshire repurchases to make sense, our shares must offer appropriate value. We don’t want to overpay for the shares of other companies, and it would be value-destroying if we were to overpay when we are buying Berkshire. As of February 23, 2022, since yearend we repurchased additional shares at a cost of $1.2 billion. Our appetite remains large but will always remain price-dependent.It should be noted that Berkshire’s buyback opportunities are limited because of its high-class investor base. If our shares were heavily held by short-term speculators, both price volatility and transaction volumes would materially increase. That kind of reshaping would offer us far greater opportunities for creating value by making repurchases. Nevertheless, Charlie and I far prefer the owners we have, even though their admirable buy-and-keep attitudes limit the extent to which long-term shareholders can profit from opportunistic repurchases.Finally, one easily-overlooked value calculation specific to Berkshire: As we’ve discussed, insurance “float” of the right sort is of great value to us. As it happens, repurchases automatically increase the amount of “float” per share. That figure has increased during the past two years by 25% – going from $79,387 per “A” share to $99,497, a meaningful gain that, as noted, owes some thanks to repurchases.A Wonderful Man and a Wonderful BusinessLast year, Paul Andrews died. Paul was the founder and CEO of TTI, a Fort Worth-based subsidiary of Berkshire. Throughout his life – in both his business and his personal pursuits – Paul quietly displayed all the qualities that Charlie and I admire. His story should be told.In 1971, Paul was working as a purchasing agent for General Dynamics when the roof fell in. After losing a huge defense contract, the company fired thousands of employees, including Paul.With his first child due soon, Paul decided to bet on himself, using $500 of his savings to found Tex-Tronics (later renamed TTI). The company set itself up to distribute small electronic components, and first-year sales totaled $112,000. Today, TTI markets more than one million different items with annual volume of $7.7 billion.But back to 2006: Paul, at 63, then found himself happy with his family, his job, and his associates. But he had one nagging worry, heightened because he had recently witnessed a friend’s early death and the disastrous results that followed for that man’s family and business. What, Paul asked himself in 2006, would happen to the many people depending on him if he should unexpectedly die?For a year, Paul wrestled with his options. Sell to a competitor? From a strictly economic viewpoint, that course made the most sense. After all, competitors could envision lucrative “synergies” – savings that would be achieved as the acquiror slashed duplicated functions at TTI.But . . . Such a purchaser would most certainly also retain its CFO, its legal counsel, its HR unit. Their TTI counterparts would therefore be sent packing. And ugh! If a new distribution center were to be needed, the acquirer’s home city would certainly be favored over Fort Worth.Whatever the financial benefits, Paul quickly concluded that selling to a competitor was not for him. He next considered seeking a financial buyer, a species once labeled – aptly so – a leveraged buyout firm. Paul knew, however, that such a purchaser would be focused on an “exit strategy.” And who could know what that would be? Brooding over it all, Paul found himself having no interest in handing his 35-year-old creation over to a reseller.When Paul met me, he explained why he had eliminated these two alternatives as buyers. He then summed up his dilemma by saying – in far more tactful phrasing than this – “After a year of pondering the alternatives, I want to sell to Berkshire because you are the only guy left.” So, I made an offer and Paul said “Yes.” One meeting; one lunch; one deal.To say we both lived happily ever after is an understatement. When Berkshire purchased TTI, the company employed 2,387. Now the number is 8,043. A large percentage of that growth took place in Fort Worth and environs. Earnings have increased 673%.Annually, I would call Paul and tell him his salary should be substantially increased. Annually, he would tell me, “We can talk about that next year, Warren; I’m too busy now.”When Greg Abel and I attended Paul’s memorial service, we met children, grandchildren, long-time associates (including TTI’s first employee) and John Roach, the former CEO of a Fort Worth company Berkshire had purchased in 2000. John had steered his friend Paul to Omaha, instinctively knowing we would be a match.At the service, Greg and I heard about the multitudes of people and organizations that Paul had silently supported. The breadth of his generosity was extraordinary – geared always to improving the lives of others, particularly those in Fort Worth.In all ways, Paul was a class act.* * * * * * * * * * * *Good luck – occasionally extraordinary luck – has played its part at Berkshire. If Paul and I had not enjoyed a mutual friend – John Roach – TTI would not have found its home with us. But that ample serving of luck was only the beginning. TTI was soon to lead Berkshire to its most important acquisition.Every fall, Berkshire directors gather for a presentation by a few of our executives. We sometimes choose the site based upon the location of a recent acquisition, by that means allowing directors to meet the new subsidiary’s CEO and learn more about the acquiree’s activities.In the fall of 2009, we consequently selected Fort Worth so that we could visit TTI. At that time, BNSF, which also had Fort Worth as its hometown, was the third-largest holding among our marketable equities. Despite that large stake, I had never visited the railroad’s headquarters.Deb Bosanek, my assistant, scheduled our board’s opening dinner for October 22. Meanwhile, I arranged to arrive earlier that day to meet with Matt Rose, CEO of BNSF, whose accomplishments I had long admired. When I made the date, I had no idea that our get-together would coincide with BNSF’s third-quarter earnings report, which was released late on the 22nd.The market reacted badly to the railroad’s results. The Great Recession was in full force in the third quarter, and BNSF’s earnings reflected that slump. The economic outlook was also bleak, and Wall Street wasn’t feeling friendly to railroads – or much else.On the following day, I again got together with Matt and suggested that Berkshire would offer the railroad a better long-term home than it could expect as a public company. I also told him the maximum price that Berkshire would pay.Matt relayed the offer to his directors and advisors. Eleven busy days later, Berkshire and BNSF announced a firm deal. And here I’ll venture a rare prediction: BNSF will be a key asset for Berkshire and our country a century from now.The BNSF acquisition would never have happened if Paul Andrews hadn’t sized up Berkshire as the right home for TTI.ThanksI taught my first investing class 70 years ago. Since then, I have enjoyed working almost every year with students of all ages, finally “retiring” from that pursuit in 2018.Along the way, my toughest audience was my grandson’s fifth-grade class. The 11-year-olds were squirming in their seats and giving me blank stares until I mentioned Coca-Cola and its famous secret formula. Instantly, every hand went up, and I learned that “secrets” are catnip to kids.Teaching, like writing, has helped me develop and clarify my own thoughts. Charlie calls this phenomenon the orangutan effect: If you sit down with an orangutan and carefully explain to it one of your cherished ideas, you may leave behind a puzzled primate, but will yourself exit thinking more clearly.Talking to university students is far superior. I have urged that they seek employment in (1) the field and (2) with the kind of people they would select, if they had no need for money. Economic realities, I acknowledge, may interfere with that kind of search. Even so, I urge the students never to give up the quest, for when they find that sort of job, they will no longer be “working.”Charlie and I, ourselves, followed that liberating course after a few early stumbles. We both started as part- timers at my grandfather’s grocery store, Charlie in 1940 and I in 1942. We were each assigned boring tasks and paid little, definitely not what we had in mind. Charlie later took up law, and I tried selling securities. Job satisfaction continued to elude us.Finally, at Berkshire, we found what we love to do. With very few exceptions, we have now “worked” for many decades with people whom we like and trust. It’s a joy in life to join with managers such as Paul Andrews or the Berkshire families I told you about last year. In our home office, we employ decent and talented people – no jerks. Turnover averages, perhaps, one person per year.I would like, however, to emphasize a further item that turns our jobs into fun and satisfaction workingfor you. There is nothing more rewarding to Charlie and me than enjoying the trust of individual long-term shareholders who, for many decades, have joined us with the expectation that we would be a reliable custodian of their funds.Obviously, we can’t select our owners, as we could do if our form of operation were a partnership. Anyone can buy shares of Berkshire today with the intention of soon reselling them. For sure, we get a few of that type of shareholder, just as we get index funds that own huge amounts of Berkshire simply because they are required to do so.To a truly unusual degree, however, Berkshire has as owners a very large corps of individuals and families that have elected to join us with an intent approaching “til death do us part.” Often, they have trusted us with a large – some might say excessive – portion of their savings.Berkshire, these shareholders would sometimes acknowledge, might be far from the best selection they could have made. But they would add that Berkshire would rank high among those with which they would be most comfortable. And people who are comfortable with their investments will, on average, achieve better results than those who are motivated by ever-changing headlines, chatter and promises.Long-term individual owners are both the “partners” Charlie and I have always sought and the ones we constantly have in mind as we make decisions at Berkshire. To them we say, “It feels good to ‘work’ for you, and you have our thanks for your trust.”The Annual MeetingClear your calendar! Berkshire will have its annual gathering of capitalists in Omaha on Friday, April 29th through Sunday, May 1st. The details regarding the weekend are laid out on pages A-1 and A-2. Omaha eagerly awaits you, as do I.I will end this letter with a sales pitch. “Cousin” Jimmy Buffett has designed a pontoon “party” boat that is now being manufactured by Forest River, a Berkshire subsidiary. The boat will be introduced on April 29 at our Berkshire Bazaar of Bargains. And, for two days only, shareholders will be able to purchase Jimmy’s masterpiece at a 10% discount. Your bargain-hunting chairman will be buying a boat for his family’s use. Join me.February 26, 2022Warren E. Buffett Chairman of the 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08:12","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"昨夜今晨：欧美股市涨嗨了！苹果冲击3万亿美元市值大关","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1108303862","media":"老虎资讯综合","summary":"摘要：①美股四连涨，纳指涨1.39%，新能源汽车股集体走强，特斯拉涨2.5%；②投资者愿购买被认为有风险的资产，美油收高2.4%；③食品价格将全面上涨，美国通胀压力难以消退。\n\n海外市场\n1、道指收涨","content":"<blockquote>\n 摘要：①美股四连涨，纳指涨1.39%，新能源汽车股集体走强，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/TSLA\">特斯拉</a>涨2.5%；②投资者愿购买被认为有风险的资产，美油收高2.4%；③食品价格将全面上涨，美国通胀压力难以消退。\n</blockquote>\n<p>海外市场</p>\n<p>1、道指收涨350点 标普指数创纪录新高</p>\n<p>美股三大指数连续第四个交易日收涨，道指涨0.98%，标普500指数涨1.38%，纳指涨1.39%，其中标普500指数年内第69次收创历史新高。</p>\n<p>圣诞节和元旦之间的一周企业面消息平静，没有大公司计划公布财报或召开分析师会议。</p>\n<p>除了美国房地产市场的一些报告外，经济数据也将较清淡。</p>\n<p>分析称，由于缺乏流动性，市场波动在节假日期间会被放大。在许多交易者退出场外的情况下，由于交易对象较少，人们愿意买卖的价格可能会更高或更低。</p>\n<p>新能源汽车股集体走高，特斯拉涨2.52%，Rivian大涨10.58%，Lucid涨2.66%。</p>\n<p>2、热门中概股普遍下跌 <a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BILI\">哔哩哔哩</a>跌超2%</p>\n<p>热门中概股普遍下跌，哔哩哔哩跌2.88%，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/IQ\">爱奇艺</a>跌6.52%，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/DIDI\">滴滴</a>跌5.36%；</p>\n<p>其他中概股方面，微博涨1.08%，雾芯科技涨1.22%。造车新势力齐跌，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/XPEV\">小鹏汽车</a>跌0.04%，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/LI\">理想汽车</a>跌1.71%，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/NIO\">蔚来</a>跌1.83%。</p>\n<p>3、欧股主要指数上涨 英国股市圣诞节假期休市</p>\n<p>欧洲时间周一，欧股主要指数上涨，截止收盘，德国DAX30指数涨0.50%；法国CAC40指数涨0.76%。英国股市因圣诞节假期休市。</p>\n<p>4、投资者愿购买被认为有风险的资产 美油收高2.4%</p>\n<p>尽管人们担心奥密克戎变异毒株在美国迅速大规模传播，但投资者似乎愿意购买被认为有风险的资产，使油价依然得到支撑。</p>\n<p>5、黄金期货周一收跌0.2% 守住1800美元关口</p>\n<p>进入2021年的最后一周，黄金期货周一收跌，结束了此前连续三个交易日上涨的行情，但成功守住了重要的心理价位1800美元。</p>\n<p>上周五纽约商品交易所因圣诞节休市。</p>\n<p>在因节假日缩短交易的一周内，黄金期货价格累计上涨0.4%，创11月19日以来的最高收盘价。据FactSet 数据，今年迄今黄金期货下跌了4.6%。</p>\n<p>6、土耳其里拉结束五连涨 埃尔多安的保证看似不管用</p>\n<p>土耳其里拉结束连续五天的上涨行情，虽然当局在一周前出台旨在遏制里拉下跌的措施并信誓旦旦说里拉走势坚挺，但投资者并不买账。</p>\n<p>伊斯坦布尔时间下午6：37，里拉兑美元下跌7.2%至1美元兑11.4665里拉，稍早一度跌至11.5831里拉。今年以来，里拉贬值幅度超过35%，是2021年跌幅最大的新兴市场货币。</p>\n<p>上周五，土耳其总统埃尔多安表示，在采取多项措施支持里拉，包括推出新工具来保护里拉存款持有人后，里拉币值将“逐步”稳定。央行的数据也表明，当局一直在干预外汇市场，里拉上周上涨54%，扭转了前周下跌15%的势头。</p>\n<p>国际宏观</p>\n<p>1、拜登表示没有联邦解决方案 需要在州一级解决新冠激增问题</p>\n<p>美国总统拜登总统承诺帮助那些在omicron变体中苦苦挣扎的州长，但承认各州需要带头控制大流行。</p>\n<p>拜登在与美国一些州长会面之前说，“没有联邦解决方案。这(需要)在州一级得到解决。”</p>\n<p>2、食品价格将全面上涨 美国通胀压力难以消退</p>\n<p>美国许多食品制造商表示，计划在2022年提高从通心粉和奶酪零食等一系列食品的价格，消费者将继续面对物价上涨的情况。</p>\n<p>食品杂货经销商和零售商SpartanNash的首席执行官Tony Sarsam表示，食品价格全部都在上涨，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/000061\">农产品</a>、奶制品以及面包和果汁等食品明年将会变得更加昂贵。</p>\n<p>3、美国因新冠肺炎的儿童住院率迅速增长</p>\n<p>根据美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)和美国卫生与公众服务部(HHS)的数据。</p>\n<p>在截至12月24日的一周内，美国平均每天有262名儿童因新冠肺炎住院接受治疗，住院人数比一周前增加了近35%，比8月底至9月初有342名儿童在医院就诊的峰值平均值仅低23%。</p>\n<p>4、冬季风暴叠加新冠疫情 美国大批航班取消的情况延续到周一</p>\n<p>圣诞节周末打乱美国人出行计划的航班取消问题延续到周一，在航空公司本就因新冠肺炎病例激增而人手不足的情况下，冬季风暴更是令他们雪上加霜。</p>\n<p>5、日本启动首批原油抛储招标 强调密切盯市伺机再出手</p>\n<p>在2021年的最后一周，日本政府终于出手，加入了全球抛售原油储备的队伍。</p>\n<p>根据媒体报道，日本经济产业省发布了一份提供储备阿曼原油的政府招标文件，目前这些原油储存在九州志布志市，预定的交付日期为明年三月至六月。</p>\n<p>政府官员接受媒体采访时表示，这一举措也是日本协同其他原油消费国的抛储计划的一部分，后续将会有更多的动作。</p>\n<p>6、美国纽约市私营企业员工新冠疫苗强制令生效</p>\n<p>美国纽约市对私营企业雇员的新冠疫苗强制令正式生效。从27日起，该市所有私营企业必须要求所有员工提供新冠疫苗接种证明，并准备好文件供市政官员检查。</p>\n<p>在纽约市报告了首例新冠变异病毒奥密克戎毒株感染病例后，纽约市市长比尔·德布拉<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SIAL\">西奥</a>(Bill de Blasio)于12月6日宣布了该疫苗强制令。据悉，该疫苗强制令将影响纽约市总计18.5万家企业，不遵守该规定的企业将面临最低1000美元的罚款。</p>\n<p>7、德国累计确诊超700万、死亡11万 多州收紧防疫措施</p>\n<p>德国疾控机构27日公布的数据显示，该国累计确诊感染新冠病毒病例数已突破七百万，因感染新冠死亡的人数则已于日前突破十一万。当天，德国巴符州、下萨克森州等多州宣布开始实施限制人际接触等较此前更为严厉的防疫措施。</p>\n<p>8、英国援助组织：2021年十大气象灾害造成1700亿损失，最严重为飓风“艾达”</p>\n<p>一家英国援助组织当天发布报告称，气象灾害今年给全球造成巨大损失。具体而言，今年破坏最严重的十大气象灾害共计造成1700多亿美元损失，比去年破坏最严重的10起气象灾害所造成的损失高出200亿美元。</p>\n<p>市场观点</p>\n<p>公司新闻</p>\n<p>1、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/NW/2194078091\" target=\"_blank\">谷歌A年内大涨近七成 其他大型科技股只能“望其项背”</a></p>\n<p>从股价来看，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/GOOG\">谷歌</a>(母公司Alphabet即将录得其自2009年以来最好的一年，并即将成为2021年表现最好的大型科技股。</p>\n<p>根据Refinitiv调查，谷歌全年收入预计将攀升39%，达到2540亿美元，势将录得自2007年以来的最大营收增长。</p>\n<p>2、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/NW/2194071541\" target=\"_blank\">困于利润下降及盗窃案激增 美国大型零售连锁店开始闭店</a></p>\n<p>美国几家大型零售商宣布关闭多个城市的门店，理由有很多，从不断变化的消费者态度和未来的健康需求到犯罪率飙升的问题。</p>\n<p>多家零售商开始转向电子商务以提高利润。CVS Health 在 11 月宣布，它计划关闭其近 10000 家门店中的约 9%，并在未来三年内每年进一步关闭 300 家门店。Rite Aid 还表示将关闭 63 家门店，以降低成本并提高利润。 CVS特别指出，大多数客户转向数字偏好促使公司重新考虑其实体存在。</p>\n<p>3、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/NW/2194297488\" target=\"_blank\">苹果关闭所有纽约零售店 避免线下聚集</a></p>\n<p>苹果现在决定关闭纽约市的所有门店。</p>\n<p>此前，由于新冠肺炎在员工中传播，苹果关闭了亚特兰大、休斯顿和新罕布什尔等地的7家门店。</p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>昨夜今晨：欧美股市涨嗨了！苹果冲击3万亿美元市值大关</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n昨夜今晨：欧美股市涨嗨了！苹果冲击3万亿美元市值大关\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/102\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">老虎资讯综合 </p>\n<p class=\"h-time\">2021-12-28 08:12</p>\n</div>\n\n</a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<blockquote>\n 摘要：①美股四连涨，纳指涨1.39%，新能源汽车股集体走强，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/TSLA\">特斯拉</a>涨2.5%；②投资者愿购买被认为有风险的资产，美油收高2.4%；③食品价格将全面上涨，美国通胀压力难以消退。\n</blockquote>\n<p>海外市场</p>\n<p>1、道指收涨350点 标普指数创纪录新高</p>\n<p>美股三大指数连续第四个交易日收涨，道指涨0.98%，标普500指数涨1.38%，纳指涨1.39%，其中标普500指数年内第69次收创历史新高。</p>\n<p>圣诞节和元旦之间的一周企业面消息平静，没有大公司计划公布财报或召开分析师会议。</p>\n<p>除了美国房地产市场的一些报告外，经济数据也将较清淡。</p>\n<p>分析称，由于缺乏流动性，市场波动在节假日期间会被放大。在许多交易者退出场外的情况下，由于交易对象较少，人们愿意买卖的价格可能会更高或更低。</p>\n<p>新能源汽车股集体走高，特斯拉涨2.52%，Rivian大涨10.58%，Lucid涨2.66%。</p>\n<p>2、热门中概股普遍下跌 <a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BILI\">哔哩哔哩</a>跌超2%</p>\n<p>热门中概股普遍下跌，哔哩哔哩跌2.88%，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/IQ\">爱奇艺</a>跌6.52%，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/DIDI\">滴滴</a>跌5.36%；</p>\n<p>其他中概股方面，微博涨1.08%，雾芯科技涨1.22%。造车新势力齐跌，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/XPEV\">小鹏汽车</a>跌0.04%，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/LI\">理想汽车</a>跌1.71%，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/NIO\">蔚来</a>跌1.83%。</p>\n<p>3、欧股主要指数上涨 英国股市圣诞节假期休市</p>\n<p>欧洲时间周一，欧股主要指数上涨，截止收盘，德国DAX30指数涨0.50%；法国CAC40指数涨0.76%。英国股市因圣诞节假期休市。</p>\n<p>4、投资者愿购买被认为有风险的资产 美油收高2.4%</p>\n<p>尽管人们担心奥密克戎变异毒株在美国迅速大规模传播，但投资者似乎愿意购买被认为有风险的资产，使油价依然得到支撑。</p>\n<p>5、黄金期货周一收跌0.2% 守住1800美元关口</p>\n<p>进入2021年的最后一周，黄金期货周一收跌，结束了此前连续三个交易日上涨的行情，但成功守住了重要的心理价位1800美元。</p>\n<p>上周五纽约商品交易所因圣诞节休市。</p>\n<p>在因节假日缩短交易的一周内，黄金期货价格累计上涨0.4%，创11月19日以来的最高收盘价。据FactSet 数据，今年迄今黄金期货下跌了4.6%。</p>\n<p>6、土耳其里拉结束五连涨 埃尔多安的保证看似不管用</p>\n<p>土耳其里拉结束连续五天的上涨行情，虽然当局在一周前出台旨在遏制里拉下跌的措施并信誓旦旦说里拉走势坚挺，但投资者并不买账。</p>\n<p>伊斯坦布尔时间下午6：37，里拉兑美元下跌7.2%至1美元兑11.4665里拉，稍早一度跌至11.5831里拉。今年以来，里拉贬值幅度超过35%，是2021年跌幅最大的新兴市场货币。</p>\n<p>上周五，土耳其总统埃尔多安表示，在采取多项措施支持里拉，包括推出新工具来保护里拉存款持有人后，里拉币值将“逐步”稳定。央行的数据也表明，当局一直在干预外汇市场，里拉上周上涨54%，扭转了前周下跌15%的势头。</p>\n<p>国际宏观</p>\n<p>1、拜登表示没有联邦解决方案 需要在州一级解决新冠激增问题</p>\n<p>美国总统拜登总统承诺帮助那些在omicron变体中苦苦挣扎的州长，但承认各州需要带头控制大流行。</p>\n<p>拜登在与美国一些州长会面之前说，“没有联邦解决方案。这(需要)在州一级得到解决。”</p>\n<p>2、食品价格将全面上涨 美国通胀压力难以消退</p>\n<p>美国许多食品制造商表示，计划在2022年提高从通心粉和奶酪零食等一系列食品的价格，消费者将继续面对物价上涨的情况。</p>\n<p>食品杂货经销商和零售商SpartanNash的首席执行官Tony Sarsam表示，食品价格全部都在上涨，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/000061\">农产品</a>、奶制品以及面包和果汁等食品明年将会变得更加昂贵。</p>\n<p>3、美国因新冠肺炎的儿童住院率迅速增长</p>\n<p>根据美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)和美国卫生与公众服务部(HHS)的数据。</p>\n<p>在截至12月24日的一周内，美国平均每天有262名儿童因新冠肺炎住院接受治疗，住院人数比一周前增加了近35%，比8月底至9月初有342名儿童在医院就诊的峰值平均值仅低23%。</p>\n<p>4、冬季风暴叠加新冠疫情 美国大批航班取消的情况延续到周一</p>\n<p>圣诞节周末打乱美国人出行计划的航班取消问题延续到周一，在航空公司本就因新冠肺炎病例激增而人手不足的情况下，冬季风暴更是令他们雪上加霜。</p>\n<p>5、日本启动首批原油抛储招标 强调密切盯市伺机再出手</p>\n<p>在2021年的最后一周，日本政府终于出手，加入了全球抛售原油储备的队伍。</p>\n<p>根据媒体报道，日本经济产业省发布了一份提供储备阿曼原油的政府招标文件，目前这些原油储存在九州志布志市，预定的交付日期为明年三月至六月。</p>\n<p>政府官员接受媒体采访时表示，这一举措也是日本协同其他原油消费国的抛储计划的一部分，后续将会有更多的动作。</p>\n<p>6、美国纽约市私营企业员工新冠疫苗强制令生效</p>\n<p>美国纽约市对私营企业雇员的新冠疫苗强制令正式生效。从27日起，该市所有私营企业必须要求所有员工提供新冠疫苗接种证明，并准备好文件供市政官员检查。</p>\n<p>在纽约市报告了首例新冠变异病毒奥密克戎毒株感染病例后，纽约市市长比尔·德布拉<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SIAL\">西奥</a>(Bill de Blasio)于12月6日宣布了该疫苗强制令。据悉，该疫苗强制令将影响纽约市总计18.5万家企业，不遵守该规定的企业将面临最低1000美元的罚款。</p>\n<p>7、德国累计确诊超700万、死亡11万 多州收紧防疫措施</p>\n<p>德国疾控机构27日公布的数据显示，该国累计确诊感染新冠病毒病例数已突破七百万，因感染新冠死亡的人数则已于日前突破十一万。当天，德国巴符州、下萨克森州等多州宣布开始实施限制人际接触等较此前更为严厉的防疫措施。</p>\n<p>8、英国援助组织：2021年十大气象灾害造成1700亿损失，最严重为飓风“艾达”</p>\n<p>一家英国援助组织当天发布报告称，气象灾害今年给全球造成巨大损失。具体而言，今年破坏最严重的十大气象灾害共计造成1700多亿美元损失，比去年破坏最严重的10起气象灾害所造成的损失高出200亿美元。</p>\n<p>市场观点</p>\n<p>公司新闻</p>\n<p>1、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/NW/2194078091\" target=\"_blank\">谷歌A年内大涨近七成 其他大型科技股只能“望其项背”</a></p>\n<p>从股价来看，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/GOOG\">谷歌</a>(母公司Alphabet即将录得其自2009年以来最好的一年，并即将成为2021年表现最好的大型科技股。</p>\n<p>根据Refinitiv调查，谷歌全年收入预计将攀升39%，达到2540亿美元，势将录得自2007年以来的最大营收增长。</p>\n<p>2、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/NW/2194071541\" target=\"_blank\">困于利润下降及盗窃案激增 美国大型零售连锁店开始闭店</a></p>\n<p>美国几家大型零售商宣布关闭多个城市的门店，理由有很多，从不断变化的消费者态度和未来的健康需求到犯罪率飙升的问题。</p>\n<p>多家零售商开始转向电子商务以提高利润。CVS Health 在 11 月宣布，它计划关闭其近 10000 家门店中的约 9%，并在未来三年内每年进一步关闭 300 家门店。Rite Aid 还表示将关闭 63 家门店，以降低成本并提高利润。 CVS特别指出，大多数客户转向数字偏好促使公司重新考虑其实体存在。</p>\n<p>3、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/NW/2194297488\" target=\"_blank\">苹果关闭所有纽约零售店 避免线下聚集</a></p>\n<p>苹果现在决定关闭纽约市的所有门店。</p>\n<p>此前，由于新冠肺炎在员工中传播，苹果关闭了亚特兰大、休斯顿和新罕布什尔等地的7家门店。</p>\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b23574aac95526c9e5c62ebc8dd25130","relate_stocks":{"BK4532":"文艺复兴科技持仓","BK4554":"元宇宙及AR概念","BK4170":"电脑硬件、储存设备及电脑周边",".IXIC":"NASDAQ Composite","BK4515":"5G概念","AAPL":"苹果","BK4533":"AQR资本管理(全球第二大对冲基金)","BK4527":"明星科技股","BK4559":"巴菲特持仓","BK4553":"喜马拉雅资本持仓","BK4501":"段永平概念","BK4566":"资本集团",".SPX":"S&P 500 Index","BK4507":"流媒体概念",".DJI":"道琼斯","BK4550":"红杉资本持仓","BK4534":"瑞士信贷持仓","BK4505":"高瓴资本持仓"},"is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1108303862","content_text":"摘要：①美股四连涨，纳指涨1.39%，新能源汽车股集体走强，特斯拉涨2.5%；②投资者愿购买被认为有风险的资产，美油收高2.4%；③食品价格将全面上涨，美国通胀压力难以消退。\n\n海外市场\n1、道指收涨350点 标普指数创纪录新高\n美股三大指数连续第四个交易日收涨，道指涨0.98%，标普500指数涨1.38%，纳指涨1.39%，其中标普500指数年内第69次收创历史新高。\n圣诞节和元旦之间的一周企业面消息平静，没有大公司计划公布财报或召开分析师会议。\n除了美国房地产市场的一些报告外，经济数据也将较清淡。\n分析称，由于缺乏流动性，市场波动在节假日期间会被放大。在许多交易者退出场外的情况下，由于交易对象较少，人们愿意买卖的价格可能会更高或更低。\n新能源汽车股集体走高，特斯拉涨2.52%，Rivian大涨10.58%，Lucid涨2.66%。\n2、热门中概股普遍下跌 哔哩哔哩跌超2%\n热门中概股普遍下跌，哔哩哔哩跌2.88%，爱奇艺跌6.52%，滴滴跌5.36%；\n其他中概股方面，微博涨1.08%，雾芯科技涨1.22%。造车新势力齐跌，小鹏汽车跌0.04%，理想汽车跌1.71%，蔚来跌1.83%。\n3、欧股主要指数上涨 英国股市圣诞节假期休市\n欧洲时间周一，欧股主要指数上涨，截止收盘，德国DAX30指数涨0.50%；法国CAC40指数涨0.76%。英国股市因圣诞节假期休市。\n4、投资者愿购买被认为有风险的资产 美油收高2.4%\n尽管人们担心奥密克戎变异毒株在美国迅速大规模传播，但投资者似乎愿意购买被认为有风险的资产，使油价依然得到支撑。\n5、黄金期货周一收跌0.2% 守住1800美元关口\n进入2021年的最后一周，黄金期货周一收跌，结束了此前连续三个交易日上涨的行情，但成功守住了重要的心理价位1800美元。\n上周五纽约商品交易所因圣诞节休市。\n在因节假日缩短交易的一周内，黄金期货价格累计上涨0.4%，创11月19日以来的最高收盘价。据FactSet 数据，今年迄今黄金期货下跌了4.6%。\n6、土耳其里拉结束五连涨 埃尔多安的保证看似不管用\n土耳其里拉结束连续五天的上涨行情，虽然当局在一周前出台旨在遏制里拉下跌的措施并信誓旦旦说里拉走势坚挺，但投资者并不买账。\n伊斯坦布尔时间下午6：37，里拉兑美元下跌7.2%至1美元兑11.4665里拉，稍早一度跌至11.5831里拉。今年以来，里拉贬值幅度超过35%，是2021年跌幅最大的新兴市场货币。\n上周五，土耳其总统埃尔多安表示，在采取多项措施支持里拉，包括推出新工具来保护里拉存款持有人后，里拉币值将“逐步”稳定。央行的数据也表明，当局一直在干预外汇市场，里拉上周上涨54%，扭转了前周下跌15%的势头。\n国际宏观\n1、拜登表示没有联邦解决方案 需要在州一级解决新冠激增问题\n美国总统拜登总统承诺帮助那些在omicron变体中苦苦挣扎的州长，但承认各州需要带头控制大流行。\n拜登在与美国一些州长会面之前说，“没有联邦解决方案。这(需要)在州一级得到解决。”\n2、食品价格将全面上涨 美国通胀压力难以消退\n美国许多食品制造商表示，计划在2022年提高从通心粉和奶酪零食等一系列食品的价格，消费者将继续面对物价上涨的情况。\n食品杂货经销商和零售商SpartanNash的首席执行官Tony Sarsam表示，食品价格全部都在上涨，农产品、奶制品以及面包和果汁等食品明年将会变得更加昂贵。\n3、美国因新冠肺炎的儿童住院率迅速增长\n根据美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)和美国卫生与公众服务部(HHS)的数据。\n在截至12月24日的一周内，美国平均每天有262名儿童因新冠肺炎住院接受治疗，住院人数比一周前增加了近35%，比8月底至9月初有342名儿童在医院就诊的峰值平均值仅低23%。\n4、冬季风暴叠加新冠疫情 美国大批航班取消的情况延续到周一\n圣诞节周末打乱美国人出行计划的航班取消问题延续到周一，在航空公司本就因新冠肺炎病例激增而人手不足的情况下，冬季风暴更是令他们雪上加霜。\n5、日本启动首批原油抛储招标 强调密切盯市伺机再出手\n在2021年的最后一周，日本政府终于出手，加入了全球抛售原油储备的队伍。\n根据媒体报道，日本经济产业省发布了一份提供储备阿曼原油的政府招标文件，目前这些原油储存在九州志布志市，预定的交付日期为明年三月至六月。\n政府官员接受媒体采访时表示，这一举措也是日本协同其他原油消费国的抛储计划的一部分，后续将会有更多的动作。\n6、美国纽约市私营企业员工新冠疫苗强制令生效\n美国纽约市对私营企业雇员的新冠疫苗强制令正式生效。从27日起，该市所有私营企业必须要求所有员工提供新冠疫苗接种证明，并准备好文件供市政官员检查。\n在纽约市报告了首例新冠变异病毒奥密克戎毒株感染病例后，纽约市市长比尔·德布拉西奥(Bill de Blasio)于12月6日宣布了该疫苗强制令。据悉，该疫苗强制令将影响纽约市总计18.5万家企业，不遵守该规定的企业将面临最低1000美元的罚款。\n7、德国累计确诊超700万、死亡11万 多州收紧防疫措施\n德国疾控机构27日公布的数据显示，该国累计确诊感染新冠病毒病例数已突破七百万，因感染新冠死亡的人数则已于日前突破十一万。当天，德国巴符州、下萨克森州等多州宣布开始实施限制人际接触等较此前更为严厉的防疫措施。\n8、英国援助组织：2021年十大气象灾害造成1700亿损失，最严重为飓风“艾达”\n一家英国援助组织当天发布报告称，气象灾害今年给全球造成巨大损失。具体而言，今年破坏最严重的十大气象灾害共计造成1700多亿美元损失，比去年破坏最严重的10起气象灾害所造成的损失高出200亿美元。\n市场观点\n公司新闻\n1、谷歌A年内大涨近七成 其他大型科技股只能“望其项背”\n从股价来看，谷歌(母公司Alphabet即将录得其自2009年以来最好的一年，并即将成为2021年表现最好的大型科技股。\n根据Refinitiv调查，谷歌全年收入预计将攀升39%，达到2540亿美元，势将录得自2007年以来的最大营收增长。\n2、困于利润下降及盗窃案激增 美国大型零售连锁店开始闭店\n美国几家大型零售商宣布关闭多个城市的门店，理由有很多，从不断变化的消费者态度和未来的健康需求到犯罪率飙升的问题。\n多家零售商开始转向电子商务以提高利润。CVS Health 在 11 月宣布，它计划关闭其近 10000 家门店中的约 9%，并在未来三年内每年进一步关闭 300 家门店。Rite Aid 还表示将关闭 63 家门店，以降低成本并提高利润。 CVS特别指出，大多数客户转向数字偏好促使公司重新考虑其实体存在。\n3、苹果关闭所有纽约零售店 避免线下聚集\n苹果现在决定关闭纽约市的所有门店。\n此前，由于新冠肺炎在员工中传播，苹果关闭了亚特兰大、休斯顿和新罕布什尔等地的7家门店。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{".IXIC":0.9,".SPX":0.9,"AAPL":0.9,".DJI":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":3145,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":600740918,"gmtCreate":1638200111455,"gmtModify":1638200114733,"author":{"id":"4090372448888540","authorId":"4090372448888540","name":"winfredcth","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c465570918f25ab6c6a51f818aeceaf0","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"4090372448888540","idStr":"4090372448888540"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"👍👍","listText":"👍👍","text":"👍👍","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":4,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/600740918","repostId":"1182524223","repostType":4,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":2586,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":845869906,"gmtCreate":1636329008615,"gmtModify":1636329008742,"author":{"id":"4090372448888540","authorId":"4090372448888540","name":"winfredcth","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c465570918f25ab6c6a51f818aeceaf0","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"4090372448888540","idStr":"4090372448888540"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"Wow","listText":"Wow","text":"Wow","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/845869906","repostId":"2181723511","repostType":2,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":3919,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":848806646,"gmtCreate":1635986934067,"gmtModify":1635986934152,"author":{"id":"4090372448888540","authorId":"4090372448888540","name":"winfredcth","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c465570918f25ab6c6a51f818aeceaf0","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"4090372448888540","idStr":"4090372448888540"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"👍","listText":"👍","text":"👍","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/848806646","repostId":"2180676329","repostType":2,"repost":{"id":"2180676329","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1635975540,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/2180676329?lang=zh_CN&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-11-04 05:39","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"外媒头条：靴子落地！美联储官宣11月启动减码购债","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=2180676329","media":"新浪美股","summary":"　　美联储当地时间周三宣布维持基准利率不变，并将很快开始放缓每月债券购买的步伐。　　美联储声明表示，将于11月晚些时候启动缩减购债计划，将每月资产购买规模减少150亿美元；每月国债和抵押贷款支持证券购买量分别调整至700亿和350亿美元，此前分别为800亿和400亿美元。　　FOMC表示，此举是“鉴于自去年12月以来经济朝着委员会目标取得的进一步实质性进展”。　　声明强调，美联储并未预设路线，必要时将对该流程进行调整。","content":"<p><b>全球财经媒体昨夜今晨共同关注的头条新闻主要有：</b></p>\n<blockquote>\n <b>1、美联储维持基准利率不变 本月晚些时候启动减码购债</b>\n</blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n <b>2、“新兴市场教父”麦朴思：加密货币不是投资 股票是最佳选择</b>\n</blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n <b>3、美国新冠疫情两个月来改善势头遇阻 今冬或遭遇新一轮回升</b>\n</blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n <b>4、美国10月服务业指数升至创纪录高位 但供应链问题仍然严峻</b>\n</blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n <b>5、就业数据还没看到就得做出利率决定 英国央行驶入决策盲区</b>\n</blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n <b>6、盖茨：将全球变暖幅度控制在1.5℃以内恐难实现</b>\n</blockquote>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/50acb966ae0fa22fd804334cd3285156\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"305\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n<p><b>美联储维持基准利率不变 本月晚些时候启动减码购债</b></p>\n<p>美联储当地时间周三宣布维持基准利率不变，并将很快开始放缓每月债券购买的步伐。</p>\n<p>美联储声明表示，将于11月晚些时候启动缩减购债计划，将每月资产购买规模减少150亿美元；每月国债和抵押贷款支持证券（MBS）购买量分别调整至700亿和350亿美元，此前分别为800亿和400亿美元。此外，12月的国债和MBS购买量分别调整至600亿和300亿美元。</p>\n<p>FOMC表示，此举是“鉴于自去年12月以来经济朝着委员会目标取得的进一步实质性进展”。</p>\n<p>声明强调，美联储并未预设路线，必要时将对该流程进行调整。</p>\n<p>“委员会认为，每个月类似规模地降低净资产购买速度可能是合适的，但如果经济前景发生变化，将准备调整购买速度，”该委员会表示。</p>\n<p>随着缩减购债规模，美联储也略微改变了对通胀的看法，承认物价上涨比官员预测的更快、更持久。声明还强调，投资者不应将减码购债视为加息迫在眉睫的信号。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/2a4296ef7490baf47bf9f8734f1cec72\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"309\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n<p><b>“新兴市场教父”麦朴思：加密货币不是投资 股票是最佳选择</b></p>\n<p>有“新兴市场教父”之称的传奇投资者麦朴思（Mark Mobius）周三称加密货币为一种宗教而非投资。在比特币和以太币的交易价格接近历史高位之际，他加入了数字货币怀疑论者的行列。</p>\n<p>“这不是投资，而是一种宗教，”麦朴思说。</p>\n<p>“人们不应该将这些加密货币视为一种投资手段。这是一种投机和娱乐的方式。之后你必须最终回到股票市场，”他补充道。</p>\n<p>麦朴思并不是唯一一个抨击加密货币的人。<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/JPM\">摩根大通</a>首席执行官杰米-戴蒙（Jamie Dimon）也曾公开批评比特币，最近称其“一文不值”和“傻瓜的黄金”。</p>\n<p>麦朴思认为，由于货币和通胀因素，股票是最好的选择。</p>\n<p>“股票肯定是答案，因为货币贬值不会消失，这意味着未来通胀将继续以高位运行，”他说。“别忘了美国的货币供应量增长了30%以上。”</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8011fcea180314cc63811074f3b5a86b\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"364\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n<p><b>美国新冠疫情两个月来改善势头遇阻 今冬或遭遇新一轮回升</b></p>\n<p>美国过去两个月的新冠疫情改善可能即将结束，而疫情正成为季节性的潮起潮落。</p>\n<p>这并不是说形势马上就要开始恶化，而是已经停止改善趋势，就像之前几轮一样。与2020年夏季新增病例激增类似，2021年的德尔塔变种浪潮在9月初达到顶峰，随后新增病例、住院和死亡人数出现持续两个月的下降。</p>\n<p>现在，这种改善已经失去了60天来的积极势头，显示出对过去模式的重演。</p>\n<p>许多公共卫生专家现在认为，美国在可预见的未来都将与Covid-19疫情共存，而最新数据并不一定意味着美国正在进入一个独特的危险新阶段。</p>\n<p>一些州--特别是东北部的州--希望非常强的疫苗接种率能够阻止这种病毒。但是，免疫力随着时间推移将如何减弱的问题仍然没有答案。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/51a72ca52c715fb00b8c5ff0563a3bed\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"395\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n<p><b>美国10月服务业指数升至创纪录高位 但供应链问题仍然严峻</b></p>\n<p>美国10月服务提供商扩张速度达到创纪录水平，受需求坚挺和商业活动增强提振。</p>\n<p>周三发布的数据显示，供应管理学会（ISM）服务业指数从9月的61.9升至66.7，超过所有经济学家预期。</p>\n<p>新订单和商业活动指标也升至1997年有数据统计以来的最高水平，表明随着新冠疫情的缓解，经济在第四季度初进一步积蓄动能。</p>\n<p>持续的家庭和企业需求也表明推高通胀的供应链问题仍然未有缓和，积压订单指标升至历史新高。</p>\n<p>“需求没有放缓迹象，” ISM服务业调查委员会主席Anthony Nieves发布声明称。“然而，持续的挑战（包括供应链中断和劳动力和材料短缺）正在限制产能并影响整体业务状况。”</p>\n<p>衡量服务提供商对材料和服务支付价格的指标升至2005年9月以来最高水平。供应商交货时间指标攀升至历史次高，表明交货时间延长且产能限制持续。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/7f3f142c4cf787546aefddb6fbc8d536\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"361\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n<p><b>就业数据还没看到就得做出利率决定 英国央行驶入决策盲区</b></p>\n<p>连英国央行自己都承认，他们正驶入本周利率决策会议的盲区。</p>\n<p>虽然通胀加快攀升，超过了英国央行2%的目标水平，但能显示休假计划结束对就业市场影响的关键数据要到11月16日才会公布。这比本周四中午英国央行将于伦敦发布的利率声明要晚12天。</p>\n<p>在就利率做出决定之前，英国央行的官员们不会有机会看到英国国家统计局定于周四早间公布的一项调查。该项调查将显示，在休假计划结束之时，估计人数在100万的工人的休假状况。政府有关该计划最后一个月情况的数据也定于周四发布，也来得太晚。</p>\n<p>然而，货币政策委员会9月曾表示，关系其利率决定的一个关键问题是“经济将如何适应休假计划的结束、失业率变化的影响、就业和劳动力匹配困难的持续性。”</p>\n<p>就业市场情况不明是导致经济学家在本周是否会加息的问题上出现分歧的原因之一。持续的劳动力供应短缺将对工资构成上行压力，在这一点上，英国央行将很难将其视为“暂时的”现象。</p>\n<p>市场正在押注加息15个基点，以应对可能达到5%的通胀率。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/5053415982afaf36cf9d6fb9415a68f1\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"398\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n<p><b>盖茨：将全球变暖幅度控制在1.5℃以内恐难实现</b></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/MSFT\">微软</a>创始人比尔·盖茨（Bill Gates）今日表示，能否将全球变暖幅度控制在1.5℃以内，这是是值得怀疑的。这表明，要实现全球气候目标，还有许多工作要做。</p>\n<p>盖茨是在《联合国气候变化框架公约》第二十六次缔约方大会（COP26）上接受采访时发表上述言论的。在2015年签署的《巴黎协定》中，各国领导人表示，他们“致力于实现将全球平均气温上升幅度控制在低于工业化水平前2摄氏度的水平，并努力将其控制在1.5℃的水平”。</p>\n<p>盖茨说：“可以说，这一切都是关于‘温度’的问题。控制在2.5℃以内，肯定比3℃以内要好；控制在2℃以内，要比2.5℃要好，以此类推。但是，这将是非常困难的，我怀疑我们能否做到这一点。”</p>\n<p>1.5℃的门槛，是一个关键的全球目标，因为超过这一水平，所谓的“临界点”就更有可能出现。就气候系统来说， 临界点指的是全球或区域气候从一种稳定状态到另外一种稳定状态的关键门槛。临界点是不可逆的，一旦触发临界点，系统可能会很快变坏。</p>\n<p>虽然如此，盖茨也同时指出：“人类在应对气候变化方面所取得的成就是前所未有的。”</p>","source":"sina","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>外媒头条：靴子落地！美联储官宣11月启动减码购债</title>\n<style 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}\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n外媒头条：靴子落地！美联储官宣11月启动减码购债\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-11-04 05:39 北京时间&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://finance.sina.com.cn/stock/usstock/c/2021-11-04/doc-iktzscyy3510508.shtml><strong>新浪美股</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>全球财经媒体昨夜今晨共同关注的头条新闻主要有：\n\n1、美联储维持基准利率不变 本月晚些时候启动减码购债\n\n\n2、“新兴市场教父”麦朴思：加密货币不是投资 股票是最佳选择\n\n\n3、美国新冠疫情两个月来改善势头遇阻 今冬或遭遇新一轮回升\n\n\n4、美国10月服务业指数升至创纪录高位 但供应链问题仍然严峻\n\n\n5、就业数据还没看到就得做出利率决定 英国央行驶入决策盲区\n\n\n6、盖茨：将全球变暖幅度控制在...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://finance.sina.com.cn/stock/usstock/c/2021-11-04/doc-iktzscyy3510508.shtml\">网页链接</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/6a1de7aced7748879f251930783a3cb1","relate_stocks":{"161125":"标普500","513500":"标普500ETF博时","PSQ":"做空纳斯达克100指数ETF-ProShares","SH":"做空标普500-Proshares",".IXIC":"NASDAQ Composite","SPY":"标普500ETF",".SPX":"S&P 500 Index","QQQ":"纳指100ETF","OEF":"标普100指数ETF-iShares","UDOW":"三倍做多道指30ETF-ProShares","SSO":"2倍做多标普500ETF-ProShares","SDOW":"三倍做空道指30ETF-ProShares","DOG":"道指ETF-ProShares做空","DDM":"2倍做多道指ETF-ProShares","SDS":"两倍做空标普500 ETF-ProShares","QLD":"2倍做多纳斯达克100指数ETF-ProShares","TQQQ":"纳指三倍做多ETF","UPRO":"三倍做多标普500ETF-ProShares","DXD":"两倍做空道琼30指数ETF-ProShares","DJX":"1/100道琼斯","OEX":"标普100","IVV":"标普500ETF-iShares","SQQQ":"纳指三倍做空ETF","QID":"两倍做空纳斯达克指数ETF-ProShares","SPXU":"三倍做空标普500ETF-ProShares",".DJI":"道琼斯"},"source_url":"https://finance.sina.com.cn/stock/usstock/c/2021-11-04/doc-iktzscyy3510508.shtml","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/b0d1b7e8843deea78cc308b15114de44","article_id":"2180676329","content_text":"全球财经媒体昨夜今晨共同关注的头条新闻主要有：\n\n1、美联储维持基准利率不变 本月晚些时候启动减码购债\n\n\n2、“新兴市场教父”麦朴思：加密货币不是投资 股票是最佳选择\n\n\n3、美国新冠疫情两个月来改善势头遇阻 今冬或遭遇新一轮回升\n\n\n4、美国10月服务业指数升至创纪录高位 但供应链问题仍然严峻\n\n\n5、就业数据还没看到就得做出利率决定 英国央行驶入决策盲区\n\n\n6、盖茨：将全球变暖幅度控制在1.5℃以内恐难实现\n\n\n美联储维持基准利率不变 本月晚些时候启动减码购债\n美联储当地时间周三宣布维持基准利率不变，并将很快开始放缓每月债券购买的步伐。\n美联储声明表示，将于11月晚些时候启动缩减购债计划，将每月资产购买规模减少150亿美元；每月国债和抵押贷款支持证券（MBS）购买量分别调整至700亿和350亿美元，此前分别为800亿和400亿美元。此外，12月的国债和MBS购买量分别调整至600亿和300亿美元。\nFOMC表示，此举是“鉴于自去年12月以来经济朝着委员会目标取得的进一步实质性进展”。\n声明强调，美联储并未预设路线，必要时将对该流程进行调整。\n“委员会认为，每个月类似规模地降低净资产购买速度可能是合适的，但如果经济前景发生变化，将准备调整购买速度，”该委员会表示。\n随着缩减购债规模，美联储也略微改变了对通胀的看法，承认物价上涨比官员预测的更快、更持久。声明还强调，投资者不应将减码购债视为加息迫在眉睫的信号。\n\n“新兴市场教父”麦朴思：加密货币不是投资 股票是最佳选择\n有“新兴市场教父”之称的传奇投资者麦朴思（Mark Mobius）周三称加密货币为一种宗教而非投资。在比特币和以太币的交易价格接近历史高位之际，他加入了数字货币怀疑论者的行列。\n“这不是投资，而是一种宗教，”麦朴思说。\n“人们不应该将这些加密货币视为一种投资手段。这是一种投机和娱乐的方式。之后你必须最终回到股票市场，”他补充道。\n麦朴思并不是唯一一个抨击加密货币的人。摩根大通首席执行官杰米-戴蒙（Jamie Dimon）也曾公开批评比特币，最近称其“一文不值”和“傻瓜的黄金”。\n麦朴思认为，由于货币和通胀因素，股票是最好的选择。\n“股票肯定是答案，因为货币贬值不会消失，这意味着未来通胀将继续以高位运行，”他说。“别忘了美国的货币供应量增长了30%以上。”\n\n美国新冠疫情两个月来改善势头遇阻 今冬或遭遇新一轮回升\n美国过去两个月的新冠疫情改善可能即将结束，而疫情正成为季节性的潮起潮落。\n这并不是说形势马上就要开始恶化，而是已经停止改善趋势，就像之前几轮一样。与2020年夏季新增病例激增类似，2021年的德尔塔变种浪潮在9月初达到顶峰，随后新增病例、住院和死亡人数出现持续两个月的下降。\n现在，这种改善已经失去了60天来的积极势头，显示出对过去模式的重演。\n许多公共卫生专家现在认为，美国在可预见的未来都将与Covid-19疫情共存，而最新数据并不一定意味着美国正在进入一个独特的危险新阶段。\n一些州--特别是东北部的州--希望非常强的疫苗接种率能够阻止这种病毒。但是，免疫力随着时间推移将如何减弱的问题仍然没有答案。\n\n美国10月服务业指数升至创纪录高位 但供应链问题仍然严峻\n美国10月服务提供商扩张速度达到创纪录水平，受需求坚挺和商业活动增强提振。\n周三发布的数据显示，供应管理学会（ISM）服务业指数从9月的61.9升至66.7，超过所有经济学家预期。\n新订单和商业活动指标也升至1997年有数据统计以来的最高水平，表明随着新冠疫情的缓解，经济在第四季度初进一步积蓄动能。\n持续的家庭和企业需求也表明推高通胀的供应链问题仍然未有缓和，积压订单指标升至历史新高。\n“需求没有放缓迹象，” ISM服务业调查委员会主席Anthony Nieves发布声明称。“然而，持续的挑战（包括供应链中断和劳动力和材料短缺）正在限制产能并影响整体业务状况。”\n衡量服务提供商对材料和服务支付价格的指标升至2005年9月以来最高水平。供应商交货时间指标攀升至历史次高，表明交货时间延长且产能限制持续。\n\n就业数据还没看到就得做出利率决定 英国央行驶入决策盲区\n连英国央行自己都承认，他们正驶入本周利率决策会议的盲区。\n虽然通胀加快攀升，超过了英国央行2%的目标水平，但能显示休假计划结束对就业市场影响的关键数据要到11月16日才会公布。这比本周四中午英国央行将于伦敦发布的利率声明要晚12天。\n在就利率做出决定之前，英国央行的官员们不会有机会看到英国国家统计局定于周四早间公布的一项调查。该项调查将显示，在休假计划结束之时，估计人数在100万的工人的休假状况。政府有关该计划最后一个月情况的数据也定于周四发布，也来得太晚。\n然而，货币政策委员会9月曾表示，关系其利率决定的一个关键问题是“经济将如何适应休假计划的结束、失业率变化的影响、就业和劳动力匹配困难的持续性。”\n就业市场情况不明是导致经济学家在本周是否会加息的问题上出现分歧的原因之一。持续的劳动力供应短缺将对工资构成上行压力，在这一点上，英国央行将很难将其视为“暂时的”现象。\n市场正在押注加息15个基点，以应对可能达到5%的通胀率。\n\n盖茨：将全球变暖幅度控制在1.5℃以内恐难实现\n微软创始人比尔·盖茨（Bill Gates）今日表示，能否将全球变暖幅度控制在1.5℃以内，这是是值得怀疑的。这表明，要实现全球气候目标，还有许多工作要做。\n盖茨是在《联合国气候变化框架公约》第二十六次缔约方大会（COP26）上接受采访时发表上述言论的。在2015年签署的《巴黎协定》中，各国领导人表示，他们“致力于实现将全球平均气温上升幅度控制在低于工业化水平前2摄氏度的水平，并努力将其控制在1.5℃的水平”。\n盖茨说：“可以说，这一切都是关于‘温度’的问题。控制在2.5℃以内，肯定比3℃以内要好；控制在2℃以内，要比2.5℃要好，以此类推。但是，这将是非常困难的，我怀疑我们能否做到这一点。”\n1.5℃的门槛，是一个关键的全球目标，因为超过这一水平，所谓的“临界点”就更有可能出现。就气候系统来说， 临界点指的是全球或区域气候从一种稳定状态到另外一种稳定状态的关键门槛。临界点是不可逆的，一旦触发临界点，系统可能会很快变坏。\n虽然如此，盖茨也同时指出：“人类在应对气候变化方面所取得的成就是前所未有的。”","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"161125":0.9,"513500":0.9,"SDOW":0.9,"QQQ":0.9,"TQQQ":0.9,".SPX":0.9,"DOG":0.9,"DDM":0.9,"SSO":0.9,"ESmain":0.9,"DXD":0.9,"QID":0.9,".DJI":0.9,"DJX":0.9,"UDOW":0.9,"SQQQ":0.9,"SPXU":0.9,"OEX":0.9,"OEF":0.9,".IXIC":0.9,"SPY":0.9,"NQmain":0.9,"PSQ":0.9,"MNQmain":0.9,"SH":0.9,"UPRO":0.9,"SDS":0.9,"QLD":0.9,"IVV":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":2508,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":841045265,"gmtCreate":1635865328678,"gmtModify":1635865328678,"author":{"id":"4090372448888540","authorId":"4090372448888540","name":"winfredcth","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c465570918f25ab6c6a51f818aeceaf0","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"4090372448888540","idStr":"4090372448888540"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"👍","listText":"👍","text":"👍","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":3,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/841045265","repostId":"2180872447","repostType":4,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":4091,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":852790511,"gmtCreate":1635300691371,"gmtModify":1635301188658,"author":{"id":"4090372448888540","authorId":"4090372448888540","name":"winfredcth","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c465570918f25ab6c6a51f818aeceaf0","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"4090372448888540","idStr":"4090372448888540"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"Gd","listText":"Gd","text":"Gd","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/852790511","repostId":"1165733287","repostType":2,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":2911,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":853484525,"gmtCreate":1634829428919,"gmtModify":1634829429269,"author":{"id":"4090372448888540","authorId":"4090372448888540","name":"winfredcth","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c465570918f25ab6c6a51f818aeceaf0","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"4090372448888540","idStr":"4090372448888540"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"True","listText":"True","text":"True","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/853484525","repostId":"2177465199","repostType":4,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":2460,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":826144072,"gmtCreate":1633999600195,"gmtModify":1633999600195,"author":{"id":"4090372448888540","authorId":"4090372448888540","name":"winfredcth","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c465570918f25ab6c6a51f818aeceaf0","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"4090372448888540","idStr":"4090372448888540"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"Expected","listText":"Expected","text":"Expected","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/826144072","repostId":"1121277216","repostType":2,"repost":{"id":"1121277216","kind":"news","weMediaInfo":{"introduction":"为用户提供金融资讯、行情、数据，旨在帮助投资者理解世界，做投资决策。","home_visible":1,"media_name":"老虎资讯综合","id":"102","head_image":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba"},"pubTimestamp":1633996638,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1121277216?lang=zh_CN&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-10-12 07:57","market":"us","language":"zh","title":"昨夜今晨：能源危机压顶！美油再创七年新高","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1121277216","media":"老虎资讯综合","summary":"摘要：①周一美股三大指数集体收跌，道指跌0.72%，纳指跌0.64%，标普500指数跌0.69%；②美国WTI原油收高1.5%，7年来首次站上80美元；③土耳其里拉对美元汇率跌破9，达到9.01，再创历史新低。交易员关注能源价格飙升和即将开始的美股财报季节。全球能源危机持续，提振了原油需求。联合国粮食署近期表示，受谷物和植物油上涨的推动，9月份世界粮食价格连续第二个月上涨，9月平均为 130.0 点，同比增加32.8%，达到10年来的最高点。","content":"<blockquote>\n 摘要：①周一美股三大指数集体收跌，道指跌0.72%，纳指跌0.64%，标普500指数跌0.69%；②美国WTI原油收高1.5%，7年来首次站上80美元；③土耳其里拉对美元汇率跌破9，达到9.01，再创历史新低。\n</blockquote>\n<p>1、美三大指数集体收跌 道指跌0.72%</p>\n<p>美股周一承压冲高回落，三大指数集体收跌。交易员关注能源价格飙升和即将开始的美股财报季节。<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/GS\">高盛</a>下调美国今明两年经济增长预期，并预测美联储不急于上调利率。截至收盘，道琼斯指数跌0.72%，纳斯达克指数跌0.64%，标普500指数跌0.69%。</p>\n<p>2、热门中概股周一收盘涨跌互现 <a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BEKE\">贝壳</a>涨近6%</p>\n<p>热门中概股周一收盘涨跌互现，贝壳涨近6%，针对上海研发团队裁员的传闻，贝壳找房回应称，对上海<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/RF\">地区金融</a>等部分业务进行调整，涉及到的员工将严格遵守国家劳动法等相关法律法规进行妥善安排。</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/GOTU\">高途</a>涨超19%，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/EDU\">新东方</a>涨超4%，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/TAL\">好未来</a>、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/IQ\">爱奇艺</a>涨超2%，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BABA\">阿里巴巴</a>涨超1%。<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/OG\">洋葱集团</a>跌超17%，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BEST\">百世集团</a>跌超11%，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/PDD\">拼多多</a>跌超1%，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/JD\">京东</a>、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/LI\">理想汽车</a>跌近1%。</p>\n<p>3、欧股收盘涨跌不一 <a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/VUKE.UK\">英国富时100</a>指数涨0.72%</p>\n<p>因围绕通胀和即将到来的财报季的紧张情绪抵消了支撑石油和矿业股的大宗商品价格飙升。最终，欧股收盘涨跌不一，德国DAX指数跌0.05%报15199.14点，法国CAC40指数涨0.16%报6570.54点，英国<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/.100.UK\">富时100指数</a>涨0.72%报7146.85点。</p>\n<p>4、美国WTI原油收高1.5% 7年来首次站上80美元</p>\n<p>全球能源危机持续，提振了原油需求。最终，纽约商品交易所11月交割的原油期货价格上涨1.17美元，涨幅1.5%，收于每桶80.52美元。这是近月WTI原油合约自2014年10月31日以来首次收在80美元之上。</p>\n<p>5、黄金期货周一收跌0.1% 连续第三个交易日下滑</p>\n<p>周一，纽约商品交易所12月交割的黄金期货价格下跌1.70美元，跌幅0.1%，录得连续第三个交易日下跌，收于每盎司1755.70美元，创9月29日以来最低收盘价。</p>\n<p>6、土耳其里拉贬值再创历史新低 对美元汇率跌破9</p>\n<p>当地时间10月11日，土耳其里拉对美元汇率跌破9，达到9.01，再创历史新低。当天，土耳其央行行长沙哈普·卡夫奇奥卢在大国民议会表示，“汇率和利率没有关联”，目前土耳其利率处于预期水平。</p>\n<p>国际宏观</p>\n<p>1、高盛首席经济学家Hatzius预计美联储明年不会加息</p>\n<p>高盛集团首席经济学家认为，明年美国经济增速放缓将意味着美联储不急于上调利率。Jan Hatzius周一表示，虽然预计美联储会在下次会议宣布缩减资产购买规模，但过程将耗费数月，而利率在2023年前不会上调。</p>\n<p>2、美国通胀预期指标逼近7年高点 美联储或失去对物价压力掌控</p>\n<p>5y5y远期盈亏平衡通胀率接近约七年来最高水平，这是该指数近几个月来第二次发出类似警示。 5月份，类似的上涨促使前 美联储理事会货币和金融市场分析主管Brian Sack加入其他官员行列，警告 美联储有必要发出政策调整信号</p>\n<p>3、美国原油价格达到每桶80美元 或加剧通货膨胀</p>\n<p>美国汽油协会(AAA)的数据显示，11日美国汽油平均价格创下7年来的新高，达到每加仑3.27美元，仅过去一周就上涨了7美分。自2020年4月触底至每加仑1.77美元以来，汽油价格几乎翻了一番。自新冠肺炎疫情暴发以来，人们的出行需求大幅下降，油价也大幅降低。而今年随着美国人的出行需求恢复，汽油供不应求，造成了美国的油价持续上涨。</p>\n<p>CNN在报道中写道，高油价会加剧通货膨胀，而全球目前面临的能源危机很可能会继续推高汽油价格。</p>\n<p>4、世卫组织建议为免疫功能低下者提供额外剂量的新冠疫苗</p>\n<p>当地时间11日，世卫组织免疫战略咨询专家组举行发布会，专家组建议为中度和重度免疫功能低下者提供额外剂量的新冠疫苗，因为该群体在接种标准疫苗剂量后，不太可能产生足够的免疫反应，且为新冠肺炎重症的高风险人群。</p>\n<p>5、世行：2020年低收入国家债务增长12%至8600亿美元 创纪录新高</p>\n<p>世界银行在周一发布的一份报告中表示，随着各国以大规模的财政、货币和金融刺激计划应对新冠疫情危机，2020年全球低收入国家的债务负担增加了12%，达到创纪录的8600亿美元。</p>\n<p>6、越南上百万工人逃离工厂，全球产业链又遭重创，iPhone13也受影响</p>\n<p>据报道，由于越南政府解除了胡志明与周围地区的防疫封城措施，工人开始逃离新冠疫情严重的南部工业区，返回乡下。越南政府估计，可能有超过200万人离开。除了球鞋、衣服等，工厂停工也可能影响到<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AAPL\">苹果</a>之类的科技公司。分析师表示，零件供应商关厂还可能使得苹果遭遇iPhone13交货中断。据此前英国金融时报援引知情人士透露，此次供货中断主要与四款 iPhone 13 机型的相机模块供应受限有关，因为其大量零部件在越南组装。</p>\n<p>7、G7拟定央行数字货币首个原则草案</p>\n<p>外交消息人士透露，日美欧七国集团（G7）财长和央行行长已拟定<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/CNBC\">中央银行</a>数字货币（CBDC）相关的首个共同原则草案，13日在美国首都华盛顿召开的G7财长和央行行长会议上将正式批准。对于数字货币的发行国，要求对处理个人信息等“保持透明度和尽到说明责任”。</p>\n<p>8、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/JPM\">摩根大通</a>CEO：比特币“一文不值”</p>\n<p>当地时间周一的一次会议上，摩根大通CEO杰米·戴蒙表示，区块链是真实的，稳定币也可以是真实的，从政府层面监管加密数字货币将是一种现实。但他个人认为，比特币并没有什么价值。</p>\n<p>公司新闻</p>\n<p>1、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/NW/2174970314\" target=\"_blank\">拒绝“中国制造”特斯拉，印度何以“强硬”要求马斯克“二选一”</a></p>\n<p>据彭博社10月10日报道，印度公路交通和运输部部长加德卡里明确表示，特斯拉想要进入印度市场，就不得在印度销售中国制造的汽车。</p>\n<p>加德卡里对媒体表示，特斯拉应该“在印度本地制造、销售汽车并向全球出口”，而印度政府将为特斯拉提供一切必要的支持。“我已经告诉特斯拉，不要在印度销售你们公司在中国生产的电动汽车。”</p>\n<p>2、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/NW/2174390339\" target=\"_blank\">Netflix 将在沃尔玛网站开专区：销售《鱿鱼游戏》等周边</a></p>\n<p>据华尔街日报报道，美国流媒体巨头Netflix称，Netflix 将与沃尔玛合作，在该零售商的网站上创建一个数字店面。该店铺将销售与《怪奇物语》 和《鱿鱼游戏》等热门节目相关的商品。</p>\n<p>3、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/NW/2174185613\" target=\"_blank\">通胀是暂时的？食品巨头卡夫亨氏警告消费者适应高价产品</a></p>\n<p>联合国粮食署近期表示，受谷物和植物油上涨的推动，9月份世界粮食价格连续第二个月上涨，9月平均为 130.0 点，同比增加32.8%，达到10年来的最高点。BBC 新闻采访了卡夫亨氏的欧洲老板 Miguel Patricio 时，他警告消费者必须适应更高的食品价格。他说：“我们正在全球范围内在必要时提高价格。”</p>\n<p>4、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/NW/2174329185\" target=\"_blank\">“门口的野蛮人”、华尔街传奇私募股权基金KKR完成掌门人更替</a></p>\n<p>当地时间周一早晨，全球私募股权投资巨头科尔伯格-克拉维斯-罗伯茨宣布完成管理层接班，49岁的Joe Bae和48岁的Scott Nuttall出任联席CEO，78和79岁的公司创始人亨利·克拉维斯和乔治罗伯茨将退居二线担任联席执行董事长，仍将参与公司的管理事务。</p>\n<p>5、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/NW/2174081188\" target=\"_blank\">铜涨价预期强烈！智利国家铜业公司上调欧洲铜溢价31%</a></p>\n<p>智利国家铜业公司 Codelco 周一提议，2022年按较期货溢价/升水128美元的价格向欧洲客户供应铜。这意味着，即便是经济增长面临逆风之际，全球头号铜矿公司仍然预计强劲的需求将延续下去。该公司将年度铜溢价提高30美元/吨，较欧洲最大铜矿生产商/全球最大铜回收公司Aurubis宣布的溢价高出5美元。</p>\n<p>6、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/NW/2174188289\" target=\"_blank\">马斯克再度杠上贝索斯：你只是全球第二富翁</a></p>\n<p>随着全球首富再度出现交替，马斯克和贝索斯这对在太空领域激烈竞争的对手再度摩擦出了火花。当地时间周一，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/TSLA\">特斯拉</a>创始人转发了一条贝索斯的社交媒体，内容仅有一个“银牌”的表情包，这也被广泛解读为马斯克重回全球首富位置后的宣言。根据彭博实时亿万富翁数据，随着SpaceX估值在上周飙升，马斯克的身价已经达到2220亿美元，与贝索斯拉开了300亿美元的差距。</p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>昨夜今晨：能源危机压顶！美油再创七年新高</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; 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display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n昨夜今晨：能源危机压顶！美油再创七年新高\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/102\">\n\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">老虎资讯综合 </p>\n<p class=\"h-time\">2021-10-12 07:57</p>\n</div>\n\n</a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<blockquote>\n 摘要：①周一美股三大指数集体收跌，道指跌0.72%，纳指跌0.64%，标普500指数跌0.69%；②美国WTI原油收高1.5%，7年来首次站上80美元；③土耳其里拉对美元汇率跌破9，达到9.01，再创历史新低。\n</blockquote>\n<p>1、美三大指数集体收跌 道指跌0.72%</p>\n<p>美股周一承压冲高回落，三大指数集体收跌。交易员关注能源价格飙升和即将开始的美股财报季节。<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/GS\">高盛</a>下调美国今明两年经济增长预期，并预测美联储不急于上调利率。截至收盘，道琼斯指数跌0.72%，纳斯达克指数跌0.64%，标普500指数跌0.69%。</p>\n<p>2、热门中概股周一收盘涨跌互现 <a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BEKE\">贝壳</a>涨近6%</p>\n<p>热门中概股周一收盘涨跌互现，贝壳涨近6%，针对上海研发团队裁员的传闻，贝壳找房回应称，对上海<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/RF\">地区金融</a>等部分业务进行调整，涉及到的员工将严格遵守国家劳动法等相关法律法规进行妥善安排。</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/GOTU\">高途</a>涨超19%，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/EDU\">新东方</a>涨超4%，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/TAL\">好未来</a>、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/IQ\">爱奇艺</a>涨超2%，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BABA\">阿里巴巴</a>涨超1%。<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/OG\">洋葱集团</a>跌超17%，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BEST\">百世集团</a>跌超11%，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/PDD\">拼多多</a>跌超1%，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/JD\">京东</a>、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/LI\">理想汽车</a>跌近1%。</p>\n<p>3、欧股收盘涨跌不一 <a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/VUKE.UK\">英国富时100</a>指数涨0.72%</p>\n<p>因围绕通胀和即将到来的财报季的紧张情绪抵消了支撑石油和矿业股的大宗商品价格飙升。最终，欧股收盘涨跌不一，德国DAX指数跌0.05%报15199.14点，法国CAC40指数涨0.16%报6570.54点，英国<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/.100.UK\">富时100指数</a>涨0.72%报7146.85点。</p>\n<p>4、美国WTI原油收高1.5% 7年来首次站上80美元</p>\n<p>全球能源危机持续，提振了原油需求。最终，纽约商品交易所11月交割的原油期货价格上涨1.17美元，涨幅1.5%，收于每桶80.52美元。这是近月WTI原油合约自2014年10月31日以来首次收在80美元之上。</p>\n<p>5、黄金期货周一收跌0.1% 连续第三个交易日下滑</p>\n<p>周一，纽约商品交易所12月交割的黄金期货价格下跌1.70美元，跌幅0.1%，录得连续第三个交易日下跌，收于每盎司1755.70美元，创9月29日以来最低收盘价。</p>\n<p>6、土耳其里拉贬值再创历史新低 对美元汇率跌破9</p>\n<p>当地时间10月11日，土耳其里拉对美元汇率跌破9，达到9.01，再创历史新低。当天，土耳其央行行长沙哈普·卡夫奇奥卢在大国民议会表示，“汇率和利率没有关联”，目前土耳其利率处于预期水平。</p>\n<p>国际宏观</p>\n<p>1、高盛首席经济学家Hatzius预计美联储明年不会加息</p>\n<p>高盛集团首席经济学家认为，明年美国经济增速放缓将意味着美联储不急于上调利率。Jan Hatzius周一表示，虽然预计美联储会在下次会议宣布缩减资产购买规模，但过程将耗费数月，而利率在2023年前不会上调。</p>\n<p>2、美国通胀预期指标逼近7年高点 美联储或失去对物价压力掌控</p>\n<p>5y5y远期盈亏平衡通胀率接近约七年来最高水平，这是该指数近几个月来第二次发出类似警示。 5月份，类似的上涨促使前 美联储理事会货币和金融市场分析主管Brian Sack加入其他官员行列，警告 美联储有必要发出政策调整信号</p>\n<p>3、美国原油价格达到每桶80美元 或加剧通货膨胀</p>\n<p>美国汽油协会(AAA)的数据显示，11日美国汽油平均价格创下7年来的新高，达到每加仑3.27美元，仅过去一周就上涨了7美分。自2020年4月触底至每加仑1.77美元以来，汽油价格几乎翻了一番。自新冠肺炎疫情暴发以来，人们的出行需求大幅下降，油价也大幅降低。而今年随着美国人的出行需求恢复，汽油供不应求，造成了美国的油价持续上涨。</p>\n<p>CNN在报道中写道，高油价会加剧通货膨胀，而全球目前面临的能源危机很可能会继续推高汽油价格。</p>\n<p>4、世卫组织建议为免疫功能低下者提供额外剂量的新冠疫苗</p>\n<p>当地时间11日，世卫组织免疫战略咨询专家组举行发布会，专家组建议为中度和重度免疫功能低下者提供额外剂量的新冠疫苗，因为该群体在接种标准疫苗剂量后，不太可能产生足够的免疫反应，且为新冠肺炎重症的高风险人群。</p>\n<p>5、世行：2020年低收入国家债务增长12%至8600亿美元 创纪录新高</p>\n<p>世界银行在周一发布的一份报告中表示，随着各国以大规模的财政、货币和金融刺激计划应对新冠疫情危机，2020年全球低收入国家的债务负担增加了12%，达到创纪录的8600亿美元。</p>\n<p>6、越南上百万工人逃离工厂，全球产业链又遭重创，iPhone13也受影响</p>\n<p>据报道，由于越南政府解除了胡志明与周围地区的防疫封城措施，工人开始逃离新冠疫情严重的南部工业区，返回乡下。越南政府估计，可能有超过200万人离开。除了球鞋、衣服等，工厂停工也可能影响到<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AAPL\">苹果</a>之类的科技公司。分析师表示，零件供应商关厂还可能使得苹果遭遇iPhone13交货中断。据此前英国金融时报援引知情人士透露，此次供货中断主要与四款 iPhone 13 机型的相机模块供应受限有关，因为其大量零部件在越南组装。</p>\n<p>7、G7拟定央行数字货币首个原则草案</p>\n<p>外交消息人士透露，日美欧七国集团（G7）财长和央行行长已拟定<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/CNBC\">中央银行</a>数字货币（CBDC）相关的首个共同原则草案，13日在美国首都华盛顿召开的G7财长和央行行长会议上将正式批准。对于数字货币的发行国，要求对处理个人信息等“保持透明度和尽到说明责任”。</p>\n<p>8、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/JPM\">摩根大通</a>CEO：比特币“一文不值”</p>\n<p>当地时间周一的一次会议上，摩根大通CEO杰米·戴蒙表示，区块链是真实的，稳定币也可以是真实的，从政府层面监管加密数字货币将是一种现实。但他个人认为，比特币并没有什么价值。</p>\n<p>公司新闻</p>\n<p>1、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/NW/2174970314\" target=\"_blank\">拒绝“中国制造”特斯拉，印度何以“强硬”要求马斯克“二选一”</a></p>\n<p>据彭博社10月10日报道，印度公路交通和运输部部长加德卡里明确表示，特斯拉想要进入印度市场，就不得在印度销售中国制造的汽车。</p>\n<p>加德卡里对媒体表示，特斯拉应该“在印度本地制造、销售汽车并向全球出口”，而印度政府将为特斯拉提供一切必要的支持。“我已经告诉特斯拉，不要在印度销售你们公司在中国生产的电动汽车。”</p>\n<p>2、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/NW/2174390339\" target=\"_blank\">Netflix 将在沃尔玛网站开专区：销售《鱿鱼游戏》等周边</a></p>\n<p>据华尔街日报报道，美国流媒体巨头Netflix称，Netflix 将与沃尔玛合作，在该零售商的网站上创建一个数字店面。该店铺将销售与《怪奇物语》 和《鱿鱼游戏》等热门节目相关的商品。</p>\n<p>3、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/NW/2174185613\" target=\"_blank\">通胀是暂时的？食品巨头卡夫亨氏警告消费者适应高价产品</a></p>\n<p>联合国粮食署近期表示，受谷物和植物油上涨的推动，9月份世界粮食价格连续第二个月上涨，9月平均为 130.0 点，同比增加32.8%，达到10年来的最高点。BBC 新闻采访了卡夫亨氏的欧洲老板 Miguel Patricio 时，他警告消费者必须适应更高的食品价格。他说：“我们正在全球范围内在必要时提高价格。”</p>\n<p>4、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/NW/2174329185\" target=\"_blank\">“门口的野蛮人”、华尔街传奇私募股权基金KKR完成掌门人更替</a></p>\n<p>当地时间周一早晨，全球私募股权投资巨头科尔伯格-克拉维斯-罗伯茨宣布完成管理层接班，49岁的Joe Bae和48岁的Scott Nuttall出任联席CEO，78和79岁的公司创始人亨利·克拉维斯和乔治罗伯茨将退居二线担任联席执行董事长，仍将参与公司的管理事务。</p>\n<p>5、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/NW/2174081188\" target=\"_blank\">铜涨价预期强烈！智利国家铜业公司上调欧洲铜溢价31%</a></p>\n<p>智利国家铜业公司 Codelco 周一提议，2022年按较期货溢价/升水128美元的价格向欧洲客户供应铜。这意味着，即便是经济增长面临逆风之际，全球头号铜矿公司仍然预计强劲的需求将延续下去。该公司将年度铜溢价提高30美元/吨，较欧洲最大铜矿生产商/全球最大铜回收公司Aurubis宣布的溢价高出5美元。</p>\n<p>6、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/NW/2174188289\" target=\"_blank\">马斯克再度杠上贝索斯：你只是全球第二富翁</a></p>\n<p>随着全球首富再度出现交替，马斯克和贝索斯这对在太空领域激烈竞争的对手再度摩擦出了火花。当地时间周一，<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/TSLA\">特斯拉</a>创始人转发了一条贝索斯的社交媒体，内容仅有一个“银牌”的表情包，这也被广泛解读为马斯克重回全球首富位置后的宣言。根据彭博实时亿万富翁数据，随着SpaceX估值在上周飙升，马斯克的身价已经达到2220亿美元，与贝索斯拉开了300亿美元的差距。</p>\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b23574aac95526c9e5c62ebc8dd25130","relate_stocks":{".DJI":"道琼斯","DUG":"二倍做空石油与天然气ETF(ProShares)",".IXIC":"NASDAQ Composite","DDG":"ProShares做空石油与天然气ETF","SCO":"二倍做空彭博原油指数ETF","USO":"美国原油ETF",".SPX":"S&P 500 Index","DWT":"三倍做空原油ETN","UCO":"二倍做多彭博原油ETF"},"is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1121277216","content_text":"摘要：①周一美股三大指数集体收跌，道指跌0.72%，纳指跌0.64%，标普500指数跌0.69%；②美国WTI原油收高1.5%，7年来首次站上80美元；③土耳其里拉对美元汇率跌破9，达到9.01，再创历史新低。\n\n1、美三大指数集体收跌 道指跌0.72%\n美股周一承压冲高回落，三大指数集体收跌。交易员关注能源价格飙升和即将开始的美股财报季节。高盛下调美国今明两年经济增长预期，并预测美联储不急于上调利率。截至收盘，道琼斯指数跌0.72%，纳斯达克指数跌0.64%，标普500指数跌0.69%。\n2、热门中概股周一收盘涨跌互现 贝壳涨近6%\n热门中概股周一收盘涨跌互现，贝壳涨近6%，针对上海研发团队裁员的传闻，贝壳找房回应称，对上海地区金融等部分业务进行调整，涉及到的员工将严格遵守国家劳动法等相关法律法规进行妥善安排。\n高途涨超19%，新东方涨超4%，好未来、爱奇艺涨超2%，阿里巴巴涨超1%。洋葱集团跌超17%，百世集团跌超11%，拼多多跌超1%，京东、理想汽车跌近1%。\n3、欧股收盘涨跌不一 英国富时100指数涨0.72%\n因围绕通胀和即将到来的财报季的紧张情绪抵消了支撑石油和矿业股的大宗商品价格飙升。最终，欧股收盘涨跌不一，德国DAX指数跌0.05%报15199.14点，法国CAC40指数涨0.16%报6570.54点，英国富时100指数涨0.72%报7146.85点。\n4、美国WTI原油收高1.5% 7年来首次站上80美元\n全球能源危机持续，提振了原油需求。最终，纽约商品交易所11月交割的原油期货价格上涨1.17美元，涨幅1.5%，收于每桶80.52美元。这是近月WTI原油合约自2014年10月31日以来首次收在80美元之上。\n5、黄金期货周一收跌0.1% 连续第三个交易日下滑\n周一，纽约商品交易所12月交割的黄金期货价格下跌1.70美元，跌幅0.1%，录得连续第三个交易日下跌，收于每盎司1755.70美元，创9月29日以来最低收盘价。\n6、土耳其里拉贬值再创历史新低 对美元汇率跌破9\n当地时间10月11日，土耳其里拉对美元汇率跌破9，达到9.01，再创历史新低。当天，土耳其央行行长沙哈普·卡夫奇奥卢在大国民议会表示，“汇率和利率没有关联”，目前土耳其利率处于预期水平。\n国际宏观\n1、高盛首席经济学家Hatzius预计美联储明年不会加息\n高盛集团首席经济学家认为，明年美国经济增速放缓将意味着美联储不急于上调利率。Jan Hatzius周一表示，虽然预计美联储会在下次会议宣布缩减资产购买规模，但过程将耗费数月，而利率在2023年前不会上调。\n2、美国通胀预期指标逼近7年高点 美联储或失去对物价压力掌控\n5y5y远期盈亏平衡通胀率接近约七年来最高水平，这是该指数近几个月来第二次发出类似警示。 5月份，类似的上涨促使前 美联储理事会货币和金融市场分析主管Brian Sack加入其他官员行列，警告 美联储有必要发出政策调整信号\n3、美国原油价格达到每桶80美元 或加剧通货膨胀\n美国汽油协会(AAA)的数据显示，11日美国汽油平均价格创下7年来的新高，达到每加仑3.27美元，仅过去一周就上涨了7美分。自2020年4月触底至每加仑1.77美元以来，汽油价格几乎翻了一番。自新冠肺炎疫情暴发以来，人们的出行需求大幅下降，油价也大幅降低。而今年随着美国人的出行需求恢复，汽油供不应求，造成了美国的油价持续上涨。\nCNN在报道中写道，高油价会加剧通货膨胀，而全球目前面临的能源危机很可能会继续推高汽油价格。\n4、世卫组织建议为免疫功能低下者提供额外剂量的新冠疫苗\n当地时间11日，世卫组织免疫战略咨询专家组举行发布会，专家组建议为中度和重度免疫功能低下者提供额外剂量的新冠疫苗，因为该群体在接种标准疫苗剂量后，不太可能产生足够的免疫反应，且为新冠肺炎重症的高风险人群。\n5、世行：2020年低收入国家债务增长12%至8600亿美元 创纪录新高\n世界银行在周一发布的一份报告中表示，随着各国以大规模的财政、货币和金融刺激计划应对新冠疫情危机，2020年全球低收入国家的债务负担增加了12%，达到创纪录的8600亿美元。\n6、越南上百万工人逃离工厂，全球产业链又遭重创，iPhone13也受影响\n据报道，由于越南政府解除了胡志明与周围地区的防疫封城措施，工人开始逃离新冠疫情严重的南部工业区，返回乡下。越南政府估计，可能有超过200万人离开。除了球鞋、衣服等，工厂停工也可能影响到苹果之类的科技公司。分析师表示，零件供应商关厂还可能使得苹果遭遇iPhone13交货中断。据此前英国金融时报援引知情人士透露，此次供货中断主要与四款 iPhone 13 机型的相机模块供应受限有关，因为其大量零部件在越南组装。\n7、G7拟定央行数字货币首个原则草案\n外交消息人士透露，日美欧七国集团（G7）财长和央行行长已拟定中央银行数字货币（CBDC）相关的首个共同原则草案，13日在美国首都华盛顿召开的G7财长和央行行长会议上将正式批准。对于数字货币的发行国，要求对处理个人信息等“保持透明度和尽到说明责任”。\n8、摩根大通CEO：比特币“一文不值”\n当地时间周一的一次会议上，摩根大通CEO杰米·戴蒙表示，区块链是真实的，稳定币也可以是真实的，从政府层面监管加密数字货币将是一种现实。但他个人认为，比特币并没有什么价值。\n公司新闻\n1、拒绝“中国制造”特斯拉，印度何以“强硬”要求马斯克“二选一”\n据彭博社10月10日报道，印度公路交通和运输部部长加德卡里明确表示，特斯拉想要进入印度市场，就不得在印度销售中国制造的汽车。\n加德卡里对媒体表示，特斯拉应该“在印度本地制造、销售汽车并向全球出口”，而印度政府将为特斯拉提供一切必要的支持。“我已经告诉特斯拉，不要在印度销售你们公司在中国生产的电动汽车。”\n2、Netflix 将在沃尔玛网站开专区：销售《鱿鱼游戏》等周边\n据华尔街日报报道，美国流媒体巨头Netflix称，Netflix 将与沃尔玛合作，在该零售商的网站上创建一个数字店面。该店铺将销售与《怪奇物语》 和《鱿鱼游戏》等热门节目相关的商品。\n3、通胀是暂时的？食品巨头卡夫亨氏警告消费者适应高价产品\n联合国粮食署近期表示，受谷物和植物油上涨的推动，9月份世界粮食价格连续第二个月上涨，9月平均为 130.0 点，同比增加32.8%，达到10年来的最高点。BBC 新闻采访了卡夫亨氏的欧洲老板 Miguel Patricio 时，他警告消费者必须适应更高的食品价格。他说：“我们正在全球范围内在必要时提高价格。”\n4、“门口的野蛮人”、华尔街传奇私募股权基金KKR完成掌门人更替\n当地时间周一早晨，全球私募股权投资巨头科尔伯格-克拉维斯-罗伯茨宣布完成管理层接班，49岁的Joe Bae和48岁的Scott Nuttall出任联席CEO，78和79岁的公司创始人亨利·克拉维斯和乔治罗伯茨将退居二线担任联席执行董事长，仍将参与公司的管理事务。\n5、铜涨价预期强烈！智利国家铜业公司上调欧洲铜溢价31%\n智利国家铜业公司 Codelco 周一提议，2022年按较期货溢价/升水128美元的价格向欧洲客户供应铜。这意味着，即便是经济增长面临逆风之际，全球头号铜矿公司仍然预计强劲的需求将延续下去。该公司将年度铜溢价提高30美元/吨，较欧洲最大铜矿生产商/全球最大铜回收公司Aurubis宣布的溢价高出5美元。\n6、马斯克再度杠上贝索斯：你只是全球第二富翁\n随着全球首富再度出现交替，马斯克和贝索斯这对在太空领域激烈竞争的对手再度摩擦出了火花。当地时间周一，特斯拉创始人转发了一条贝索斯的社交媒体，内容仅有一个“银牌”的表情包，这也被广泛解读为马斯克重回全球首富位置后的宣言。根据彭博实时亿万富翁数据，随着SpaceX估值在上周飙升，马斯克的身价已经达到2220亿美元，与贝索斯拉开了300亿美元的差距。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"UWTIF":0.9,"DWTIF":0.9,".SPX":0.9,"DDG":0.9,".DJI":0.9,".IXIC":0.9,"DWT":0.9,"USO":0.9,"CLmain":0.9,"BZmain":0.9,"QMmain":0.9,"DUG":0.9,"SCO":0.9,"UCO":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":2064,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":821675866,"gmtCreate":1633744214921,"gmtModify":1633744215052,"author":{"id":"4090372448888540","authorId":"4090372448888540","name":"winfredcth","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c465570918f25ab6c6a51f818aeceaf0","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"4090372448888540","idStr":"4090372448888540"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"Like","listText":"Like","text":"Like","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":5,"commentSize":1,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/821675866","repostId":"1100565546","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1100565546","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1633734823,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1100565546?lang=zh_CN&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-10-09 07:13","market":"us","language":"en","title":"S&P 500 ends lower after U.S. September jobs miss<blockquote>美国9月就业机会未达预期，标普500收低</blockquote>","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1100565546","media":"Reuters","summary":" - The S&P 500 ended lower on Friday after data showed weaker jobs growth than expected in September, yet investors still expected the Federal Reserve to begin tapering asset purchases this year.Wall Street’s three main indexes were mixed for much of the session before losing ground toward the end. All three indexes posted weekly gains.Comcast Corp tumbled after Wells Fargo cut its price target on the media company, while Charter Communications Inc fell after Wells Fargo downgraded that cable op","content":"<p>(Reuters) - The S&amp;P 500 ended lower on Friday after data showed weaker jobs growth than expected in September, yet investors still expected the Federal Reserve to begin tapering asset purchases this year.</p><p><blockquote>路透标普500周五收低，此前数据显示9月就业增长弱于预期，但投资者仍预计美联储今年将开始缩减资产购买规模。</blockquote></p><p> Wall Street’s three main indexes were mixed for much of the session before losing ground toward the end. All three indexes posted weekly gains.</p><p><blockquote>华尔街三大主要股指在盘中大部分时间涨跌互现，但在接近尾声时有所下跌。三个指数均录得周线上涨。</blockquote></p><p> Comcast Corp tumbled after Wells Fargo cut its price target on the media company, while Charter Communications Inc fell after Wells Fargo downgraded that cable operator to “underweight” from “overweight”.</p><p><blockquote>富国银行下调康卡斯特公司的目标股价后，康卡斯特公司股价暴跌；富国银行将有线电视运营商的评级从“跑赢大盘”下调至“跑输大盘”后，Charter Communications Inc股价下跌。</blockquote></p><p> Both companies were among the biggest drags on the S&amp;P 500 and Nasdaq.</p><p><blockquote>这两家公司都是标普500和纳斯达克最大的拖累之一。</blockquote></p><p> Real estate and utilities were the poorest performers among 11 S&amp;P 500 sector indexes, down 1.1% and 0.7%, respectively.</p><p><blockquote>在11个标普500行业指数中，房地产和公用事业表现最差，分别下跌1.1%和0.7%。</blockquote></p><p> The S&amp;P 500 energy sector index jumped 3.1%, with oil up more than 4% on the week as a global energy crunch has boosted prices to their highest since 2014.</p><p><blockquote>标普500能源板块指数上涨3.1%，油价本周上涨超过4%，因全球能源紧缩将价格推高至2014年以来的最高水平。</blockquote></p><p> Chevron and Exxon Mobil rallied more than 2% and were among the companies giving the S&amp;P 500 the greatest lift.</p><p><blockquote>雪佛龙和埃克森美孚股价上涨超过2%，是对标普500提振最大的公司之一。</blockquote></p><p> The Labor Department’s nonfarm payrolls report showed the U.S. economy in September created the fewest jobs in nine months as hiring dropped at schools and some businesses were short of workers. The unemployment rate fell to 4.8% from 5.2% in August and average hourly earnings rose 0.6%, which was more than expected.</p><p><blockquote>美国劳工部的非农就业报告显示，美国经济9月份创造的就业岗位为九个月来最少，原因是学校招聘人数下降，一些企业缺乏工人。失业率从8月份的5.2%降至4.8%，平均时薪增长0.6%，超出预期。</blockquote></p><p> “I think that the Federal Reserve made it very clear that they don’t need a blockbuster jobs report to taper in November,” said Kathy Lien, Managing Director at BK Asset Management in New York. “I think the Fed remains on track.”</p><p><blockquote>纽约BK资产管理公司董事总经理凯西·连恩(Kathy Lien)表示：“我认为美联储非常明确地表示，他们不需要一份重磅的就业报告就可以在11月份缩减规模。”“我认为美联储仍在正轨上。”</blockquote></p><p> Futures on the federal funds rate priced in a quarter-point tightening by the Federal Reserve by November or December next year.</p><p><blockquote>联邦基金利率期货预计美联储将在明年11月或12月收紧25个基点。</blockquote></p><p> The Dow Jones Industrial Average dipped 0.03% to end at 34,746.25 points, while the S&amp;P 500 lost 0.19% to 4,391.35.</p><p><blockquote>道琼斯工业平均指数下跌0.03%，收于34,746.25点；标普500下跌0.19%，收于4,391.35点。</blockquote></p><p> The Nasdaq Composite dropped 0.51% to 14,579.54.</p><p><blockquote>纳斯达克综合指数下跌0.51%，至14,579.54点。</blockquote></p><p> For the week, the S&amp;P 500 rose 0.8%, the Dow added 1.2% and the Nasdaq gained 0.1%.</p><p><blockquote>本周，标普500上涨0.8%，道琼斯指数上涨1.2%，纳斯达克上涨0.1%。</blockquote></p><p> Third-quarter reporting season kicks off next week, with JPMorgan Chase and other big banks among the first to post results. Investors are focused on global supply chain problems and labor shortages.</p><p><blockquote>第三季度财报季将于下周拉开帷幕，摩根大通和其他大银行将率先公布业绩。投资者关注全球供应链问题和劳动力短缺。</blockquote></p><p> Analysts see Q3 U.S. earnings growth of 30%:</p><p><blockquote>分析师预计美国第三季度盈利增长30%：</blockquote></p><p> Analysts on average expect S&amp;P 500 earnings per share for the quarter to be up almost 30%, according to Refinitiv.</p><p><blockquote>根据Refinitiv的数据，分析师平均预计标普500本季度每股收益将增长近30%。</blockquote></p><p> “I think it’s going to be a dicey earnings season,” warned Liz Young, head of investment strategy at SoFi in New York. “If supply-chain issues are driving up costs, a company with strong pricing power can pass through those rising costs. But you can’t pass through a labor shortage if you can’t find workers to hire.”</p><p><blockquote>纽约SoFi投资策略主管Liz Young警告说：“我认为这将是一个充满风险的财报季。”“如果供应链问题推高了成本，拥有强大定价权的公司可以转嫁这些上涨的成本。但如果你找不到工人来雇佣，你就无法转嫁劳动力短缺。”</blockquote></p><p> Declining issues outnumbered advancing ones on the NYSE by a 1.24-to-1 ratio; on Nasdaq, a 1.52-to-1 ratio favored decliners.</p><p><blockquote>纽约证券交易所下跌股与上涨股的比例为1.24比1；在纳斯达克，1.52比1的比率有利于下跌股。</blockquote></p><p> The S&amp;P 500 posted 26 new 52-week highs and 3 new lows; the Nasdaq Composite recorded 86 new highs and 113 new lows.</p><p><blockquote>标普500创下26个52周新高和3个新低；纳斯达克综合指数录得86个新高和113个新低。</blockquote></p><p> Volume on U.S. exchanges was 9.2 billion shares, compared with the 11 billion average over the last 20 trading days.</p><p><blockquote>美国交易所的成交量为92亿股，而过去20个交易日的平均成交量为110亿股。</blockquote></p><p></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>S&P 500 ends lower after U.S. September jobs miss<blockquote>美国9月就业机会未达预期，标普500收低</blockquote></title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nS&P 500 ends lower after U.S. September jobs miss<blockquote>美国9月就业机会未达预期，标普500收低</blockquote>\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<p class=\"head\">\n<strong class=\"h-name small\">Reuters</strong><span class=\"h-time small\">2021-10-09 07:13</span>\n</p>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p>(Reuters) - The S&amp;P 500 ended lower on Friday after data showed weaker jobs growth than expected in September, yet investors still expected the Federal Reserve to begin tapering asset purchases this year.</p><p><blockquote>路透标普500周五收低，此前数据显示9月就业增长弱于预期，但投资者仍预计美联储今年将开始缩减资产购买规模。</blockquote></p><p> Wall Street’s three main indexes were mixed for much of the session before losing ground toward the end. All three indexes posted weekly gains.</p><p><blockquote>华尔街三大主要股指在盘中大部分时间涨跌互现，但在接近尾声时有所下跌。三个指数均录得周线上涨。</blockquote></p><p> Comcast Corp tumbled after Wells Fargo cut its price target on the media company, while Charter Communications Inc fell after Wells Fargo downgraded that cable operator to “underweight” from “overweight”.</p><p><blockquote>富国银行下调康卡斯特公司的目标股价后，康卡斯特公司股价暴跌；富国银行将有线电视运营商的评级从“跑赢大盘”下调至“跑输大盘”后，Charter Communications Inc股价下跌。</blockquote></p><p> Both companies were among the biggest drags on the S&amp;P 500 and Nasdaq.</p><p><blockquote>这两家公司都是标普500和纳斯达克最大的拖累之一。</blockquote></p><p> Real estate and utilities were the poorest performers among 11 S&amp;P 500 sector indexes, down 1.1% and 0.7%, respectively.</p><p><blockquote>在11个标普500行业指数中，房地产和公用事业表现最差，分别下跌1.1%和0.7%。</blockquote></p><p> The S&amp;P 500 energy sector index jumped 3.1%, with oil up more than 4% on the week as a global energy crunch has boosted prices to their highest since 2014.</p><p><blockquote>标普500能源板块指数上涨3.1%，油价本周上涨超过4%，因全球能源紧缩将价格推高至2014年以来的最高水平。</blockquote></p><p> Chevron and Exxon Mobil rallied more than 2% and were among the companies giving the S&amp;P 500 the greatest lift.</p><p><blockquote>雪佛龙和埃克森美孚股价上涨超过2%，是对标普500提振最大的公司之一。</blockquote></p><p> The Labor Department’s nonfarm payrolls report showed the U.S. economy in September created the fewest jobs in nine months as hiring dropped at schools and some businesses were short of workers. The unemployment rate fell to 4.8% from 5.2% in August and average hourly earnings rose 0.6%, which was more than expected.</p><p><blockquote>美国劳工部的非农就业报告显示，美国经济9月份创造的就业岗位为九个月来最少，原因是学校招聘人数下降，一些企业缺乏工人。失业率从8月份的5.2%降至4.8%，平均时薪增长0.6%，超出预期。</blockquote></p><p> “I think that the Federal Reserve made it very clear that they don’t need a blockbuster jobs report to taper in November,” said Kathy Lien, Managing Director at BK Asset Management in New York. “I think the Fed remains on track.”</p><p><blockquote>纽约BK资产管理公司董事总经理凯西·连恩(Kathy Lien)表示：“我认为美联储非常明确地表示，他们不需要一份重磅的就业报告就可以在11月份缩减规模。”“我认为美联储仍在正轨上。”</blockquote></p><p> Futures on the federal funds rate priced in a quarter-point tightening by the Federal Reserve by November or December next year.</p><p><blockquote>联邦基金利率期货预计美联储将在明年11月或12月收紧25个基点。</blockquote></p><p> The Dow Jones Industrial Average dipped 0.03% to end at 34,746.25 points, while the S&amp;P 500 lost 0.19% to 4,391.35.</p><p><blockquote>道琼斯工业平均指数下跌0.03%，收于34,746.25点；标普500下跌0.19%，收于4,391.35点。</blockquote></p><p> The Nasdaq Composite dropped 0.51% to 14,579.54.</p><p><blockquote>纳斯达克综合指数下跌0.51%，至14,579.54点。</blockquote></p><p> For the week, the S&amp;P 500 rose 0.8%, the Dow added 1.2% and the Nasdaq gained 0.1%.</p><p><blockquote>本周，标普500上涨0.8%，道琼斯指数上涨1.2%，纳斯达克上涨0.1%。</blockquote></p><p> Third-quarter reporting season kicks off next week, with JPMorgan Chase and other big banks among the first to post results. Investors are focused on global supply chain problems and labor shortages.</p><p><blockquote>第三季度财报季将于下周拉开帷幕，摩根大通和其他大银行将率先公布业绩。投资者关注全球供应链问题和劳动力短缺。</blockquote></p><p> Analysts see Q3 U.S. earnings growth of 30%:</p><p><blockquote>分析师预计美国第三季度盈利增长30%：</blockquote></p><p> Analysts on average expect S&amp;P 500 earnings per share for the quarter to be up almost 30%, according to Refinitiv.</p><p><blockquote>根据Refinitiv的数据，分析师平均预计标普500本季度每股收益将增长近30%。</blockquote></p><p> “I think it’s going to be a dicey earnings season,” warned Liz Young, head of investment strategy at SoFi in New York. “If supply-chain issues are driving up costs, a company with strong pricing power can pass through those rising costs. But you can’t pass through a labor shortage if you can’t find workers to hire.”</p><p><blockquote>纽约SoFi投资策略主管Liz Young警告说：“我认为这将是一个充满风险的财报季。”“如果供应链问题推高了成本，拥有强大定价权的公司可以转嫁这些上涨的成本。但如果你找不到工人来雇佣，你就无法转嫁劳动力短缺。”</blockquote></p><p> Declining issues outnumbered advancing ones on the NYSE by a 1.24-to-1 ratio; on Nasdaq, a 1.52-to-1 ratio favored decliners.</p><p><blockquote>纽约证券交易所下跌股与上涨股的比例为1.24比1；在纳斯达克，1.52比1的比率有利于下跌股。</blockquote></p><p> The S&amp;P 500 posted 26 new 52-week highs and 3 new lows; the Nasdaq Composite recorded 86 new highs and 113 new lows.</p><p><blockquote>标普500创下26个52周新高和3个新低；纳斯达克综合指数录得86个新高和113个新低。</blockquote></p><p> Volume on U.S. exchanges was 9.2 billion shares, compared with the 11 billion average over the last 20 trading days.</p><p><blockquote>美国交易所的成交量为92亿股，而过去20个交易日的平均成交量为110亿股。</blockquote></p><p></p>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n<p> 来源：<a href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-stocks/us-stocks-sp-500-ends-lower-after-u-s-september-jobs-miss-idUSL1N2R42C9\">Reuters</a></p>\n<p>为提升您的阅读体验，我们对本页面进行了排版优化</p>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{".DJI":"道琼斯",".SPX":"S&P 500 Index",".IXIC":"NASDAQ Composite"},"source_url":"https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-stocks/us-stocks-sp-500-ends-lower-after-u-s-september-jobs-miss-idUSL1N2R42C9","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1100565546","content_text":"(Reuters) - The S&P 500 ended lower on Friday after data showed weaker jobs growth than expected in September, yet investors still expected the Federal Reserve to begin tapering asset purchases this year.\nWall Street’s three main indexes were mixed for much of the session before losing ground toward the end. All three indexes posted weekly gains.\nComcast Corp tumbled after Wells Fargo cut its price target on the media company, while Charter Communications Inc fell after Wells Fargo downgraded that cable operator to “underweight” from “overweight”.\nBoth companies were among the biggest drags on the S&P 500 and Nasdaq.\nReal estate and utilities were the poorest performers among 11 S&P 500 sector indexes, down 1.1% and 0.7%, respectively.\nThe S&P 500 energy sector index jumped 3.1%, with oil up more than 4% on the week as a global energy crunch has boosted prices to their highest since 2014.\nChevron and Exxon Mobil rallied more than 2% and were among the companies giving the S&P 500 the greatest lift.\nThe Labor Department’s nonfarm payrolls report showed the U.S. economy in September created the fewest jobs in nine months as hiring dropped at schools and some businesses were short of workers. The unemployment rate fell to 4.8% from 5.2% in August and average hourly earnings rose 0.6%, which was more than expected.\n“I think that the Federal Reserve made it very clear that they don’t need a blockbuster jobs report to taper in November,” said Kathy Lien, Managing Director at BK Asset Management in New York. “I think the Fed remains on track.”\nFutures on the federal funds rate priced in a quarter-point tightening by the Federal Reserve by November or December next year.\nThe Dow Jones Industrial Average dipped 0.03% to end at 34,746.25 points, while the S&P 500 lost 0.19% to 4,391.35.\nThe Nasdaq Composite dropped 0.51% to 14,579.54.\nFor the week, the S&P 500 rose 0.8%, the Dow added 1.2% and the Nasdaq gained 0.1%.\nThird-quarter reporting season kicks off next week, with JPMorgan Chase and other big banks among the first to post results. Investors are focused on global supply chain problems and labor shortages.\nAnalysts see Q3 U.S. earnings growth of 30%:\nAnalysts on average expect S&P 500 earnings per share for the quarter to be up almost 30%, according to Refinitiv.\n“I think it’s going to be a dicey earnings season,” warned Liz Young, head of investment strategy at SoFi in New York. “If supply-chain issues are driving up costs, a company with strong pricing power can pass through those rising costs. But you can’t pass through a labor shortage if you can’t find workers to hire.”\nDeclining issues outnumbered advancing ones on the NYSE by a 1.24-to-1 ratio; on Nasdaq, a 1.52-to-1 ratio favored decliners.\nThe S&P 500 posted 26 new 52-week highs and 3 new lows; the Nasdaq Composite recorded 86 new highs and 113 new lows.\nVolume on U.S. exchanges was 9.2 billion shares, compared with the 11 billion average over the last 20 trading days.","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{".IXIC":0.9,".SPX":0.9,".DJI":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":897,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":865877369,"gmtCreate":1632971423455,"gmtModify":1632971423724,"author":{"id":"4090372448888540","authorId":"4090372448888540","name":"winfredcth","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c465570918f25ab6c6a51f818aeceaf0","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"4090372448888540","idStr":"4090372448888540"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"Pain is coming","listText":"Pain is coming","text":"Pain is coming","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/865877369","repostId":"2171331319","repostType":2,"repost":{"id":"2171331319","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1632950640,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/2171331319?lang=zh_CN&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-09-30 05:24","market":"fut","language":"zh","title":"外媒头条：高通胀没完！鲍威尔称供应瓶颈是元凶","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=2171331319","media":"新浪财经","summary":"全球财经媒体昨夜今晨共同关注的头条新闻主要有：\n\n1、鲍威尔：供应链问题仍未好转 预计通胀将持续到明年\n\n\n2、美国国会预算办公室：避免联邦违约的现金和特别措施可能10月底用尽\n\n\n3、波音获得美国国","content":"<p><b>全球财经媒体昨夜今晨共同关注的头条新闻主要有：</b></p>\n<blockquote>\n <b>1、鲍威尔：供应链问题仍未好转 预计通胀将持续到明年</b>\n</blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n <b>2、美国国会预算办公室：避免联邦违约的现金和特别措施可能10月底用尽</b>\n</blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n <b>3、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BA\">波音</a>获得美国国防部238亿美元的后续合同</b>\n</blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n <b>4、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AAPL\">苹果</a>CEO库克获255万股股票奖励 价值3.68亿美元</b>\n</blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n <b>5、英镑坐上过山车 策略师担忧该货币将变得真正不可预测</b>\n</blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n <b>6、<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/C\">花旗</a>多数机构客户担忧持续性通胀 料美股存在回调风险</b>\n</blockquote>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/26decaa36486b62ad3dffd1a43f1efc3\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"373\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n<p><b>鲍威尔：供应链问题仍未好转 预计通胀将持续到明年</b></p>\n<p>美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔表示，供应链问题仍未好转，预计将持续到明年。这种情况可能持续到明年，通胀的持续时间将超过预期。</p>\n<p>随着经济从疫情中恢复，当前美国通胀率上升与经济重新开放有关，未来不会出现持续性的<a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/QCOM\">高通</a>胀。</p>\n<p>鲍威尔周三在欧洲央行主办的一个会议上表示，“一段时间以来，我们和其他人一直预测，当前的通胀飙升不会导致一个新的通胀机制，通胀率不会每年都保持高位”。</p>\n<p>鲍威尔称，“眼下通胀率大增实际上是需求非常强劲而供应链受到制约的结果，这一切都与经济重新开放有关，这是一个过程，有开始，有中间和结束。很难讲这个过程的影响有多大或持续多久，但我们会恢复，会度过难关。”</p>\n<p>欧洲央行、日本央行、英国央行行长也出席了小组讨论会，他们对于导致全球经济受影响的供应链中断表示谨慎乐观，并认为通胀压力升高最终不会持久。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/bba4fa79eb7148d34f6efc10c69f959d\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"366\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n<p><b>美国国会预算办公室：避免联邦违约的现金和特别措施可能10月底用尽</b></p>\n<p>美国国会预算办公室称，财政部可能最早10月底就将触及发债限制，向迟迟解决不了债务上限问题的国会议员发出了最新警告。</p>\n<p>跨党派的国会预算办公室周三在报告中称，除非提高或暂停债务上限，否则财政部将在10月末或11月初耗尽用来避免联邦违约的现金及特别措施。财长耶伦周二表示，财政部估计10月18日就将用完现金。</p>\n<p>债务上限两年暂停期已经于7月31日到期结束，为此财政部启动特别措施节省现金，包括暂停向几支联邦雇员退休基金投入新资金。</p>\n<p>一旦这些措施用尽，美国将陷入技术性违约，被迫延迟向债权人付款。耶伦周二表示这将是“灾难性的”，并可能导致“金融危机”和经济衰退。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/f89be5234a9a02c75a9648d6c145cfa9\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"364\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n<p><b><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/BA\">波音</a>获得美国国防部238亿美元的后续合同</b></p>\n<p>波音公司表示，美国国防部已授予其价值238亿美元的后续合同，为C-17全球霸神III运输机机队提供为期10年的服务。</p>\n<p>波音公司表示，根据协议，波音将继续为美国空军和8个全球合作伙伴管理的275架飞机提供工程、现场支持和材料管理等服务。</p>\n<p>波音还表示，根据新协议，波音还将降低机队每飞行小时的运营成本。</p>\n<p>该公司表示，新协议目前的资金支持至2024年9月，第一阶段的合同金额为35亿美元。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d6749e2a102f55d5033353abd2a93a42\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"309\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n<p><b><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/AAPL\">苹果</a>CEO库克获255万股股票奖励 价值3.68亿美元</b></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/SINA\">新浪</a>科技讯 北京时间9月29日晚间消息，据报道，作为一项新奖励计划的一部分，苹果公司CEO蒂姆·库克（Tim Cook）日前再获得250多万股公司股票，价值近3.68亿美元。</p>\n<p>去年9月，苹果向库克发放了股票和基于业绩的奖励：到2026年，库克将获得超过100万股苹果股票。</p>\n<p>上个月，库克获得了500多万苹果股票。当时，库克以超过7.5亿美元的价值将其出售。这些股票是库克10年前出任苹果CEO时，所获得的薪酬方案的最后一部分。</p>\n<p>为此，苹果公司在去年又向库克授予了一份新的薪酬方案，即到2026年，库克可获得超过100万股苹果股票，以激励库克在2025年（库克最早将于2025年退休）之前继续为公司效力。</p>\n<p>当地时间周二，苹果在提交给美国证券交易委员会（SEC）的文件中称，库克基于新的奖励计划获得了255万股苹果股票，价值约3.677亿美元。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8fb132fb6c4ec99997780c6b91eb17da\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"309\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n<p><b>英镑坐上过山车 策略师担忧该货币将变得真正不可预测</b></p>\n<p>英镑跌至数月低点，策略师们又开始把它当作新兴市场一般讨论。</p>\n<p>加油站无油，杂货店商品短缺、通胀加速、加息威胁迫近，这些因素令市场观察人士愈发焦虑，他们认为英镑面临急剧下跌风险。英镑目前在1.344美元左右，为去年12月以来的最低水平，本月已下跌逾2％。</p>\n<p>野村国际的策略师Jordan Rochester表示，“宏观投资者担心英镑以后变成一个真正不可预测的市场，”</p>\n<p>RBC Europe的首席外汇策略师Adam Cole表示，英镑的极端波动说明它的表现更像是新兴市场货币，虽然这不是分析师第一次进行这种比较，但它仍然是一个有争议的对比。</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9614ca2ae3b8ecd65e5b8b338ebbc748\" tg-width=\"550\" tg-height=\"366\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p>\n<p><b><a href=\"https://laohu8.com/S/C\">花旗</a>多数机构客户担忧持续性通胀 料美股存在回调风险</b></p>\n<p>花旗对机构客户的调查显示，大多数投资者对持续性高通胀感到担忧，认为美股下跌20%的可能性大于上涨20%。</p>\n<p>根据本月对90多支养老基金，共同基金和对冲基金进行的调查，尽管多数人预期标普500指数明年会温和上涨，但物价压力和美联储的政策逆转对股指构成重大风险。</p>\n<p>接近60%的受访者正在为“持续性”通胀做准备，只有23%的受访者认为通胀是“暂时性”的。大多数机构预测美联储在2022年下半年或2023年上半年加息。</p>\n<p>这对于指望从股指走高中获利的投资者而言是一个担忧因素，对于债券持有人来说更是坏消息。随着美股下跌，美债收益率飙升，那些坚持传统的60/40股债配置策略的机构已经在本月遭遇近一年来最大损失。</p>","source":"sina","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>外媒头条：高通胀没完！鲍威尔称供应瓶颈是元凶</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n外媒头条：高通胀没完！鲍威尔称供应瓶颈是元凶\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2021-09-30 05:24 北京时间&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://finance.sina.com.cn/stock/usstock/c/2021-09-30/doc-iktzscyx7149677.shtml><strong>新浪财经</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>全球财经媒体昨夜今晨共同关注的头条新闻主要有：\n\n1、鲍威尔：供应链问题仍未好转 预计通胀将持续到明年\n\n\n2、美国国会预算办公室：避免联邦违约的现金和特别措施可能10月底用尽\n\n\n3、波音获得美国国防部238亿美元的后续合同\n\n\n4、苹果CEO库克获255万股股票奖励 价值3.68亿美元\n\n\n5、英镑坐上过山车 策略师担忧该货币将变得真正不可预测\n\n\n6、花旗多数机构客户担忧持续性通胀 料美股...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://finance.sina.com.cn/stock/usstock/c/2021-09-30/doc-iktzscyx7149677.shtml\">网页链接</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/909f0c076f3fff78497a5c9be00e5429","relate_stocks":{"161125":"标普500","513500":"标普500ETF博时","OEF":"标普100指数ETF-iShares","SH":"做空标普500-Proshares","QQQ":"纳指100ETF","DJX":"1/100道琼斯","SQQQ":"纳指三倍做空ETF","OEX":"标普100","SSO":"2倍做多标普500ETF-ProShares","SDOW":"三倍做空道指30ETF-ProShares","DOG":"道指ETF-ProShares做空","UDOW":"三倍做多道指30ETF-ProShares","TQQQ":"纳指三倍做多ETF","SDS":"两倍做空标普500 ETF-ProShares","DDM":"2倍做多道指ETF-ProShares","QLD":"2倍做多纳斯达克100指数ETF-ProShares","SPXU":"三倍做空标普500ETF-ProShares",".DJI":"道琼斯","UPRO":"三倍做多标普500ETF-ProShares",".IXIC":"NASDAQ Composite","DXD":"两倍做空道琼30指数ETF-ProShares","IVV":"标普500ETF-iShares",".SPX":"S&P 500 Index","QID":"两倍做空纳斯达克指数ETF-ProShares","SPY":"标普500ETF","PSQ":"做空纳斯达克100指数ETF-ProShares"},"source_url":"https://finance.sina.com.cn/stock/usstock/c/2021-09-30/doc-iktzscyx7149677.shtml","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/b0d1b7e8843deea78cc308b15114de44","article_id":"2171331319","content_text":"全球财经媒体昨夜今晨共同关注的头条新闻主要有：\n\n1、鲍威尔：供应链问题仍未好转 预计通胀将持续到明年\n\n\n2、美国国会预算办公室：避免联邦违约的现金和特别措施可能10月底用尽\n\n\n3、波音获得美国国防部238亿美元的后续合同\n\n\n4、苹果CEO库克获255万股股票奖励 价值3.68亿美元\n\n\n5、英镑坐上过山车 策略师担忧该货币将变得真正不可预测\n\n\n6、花旗多数机构客户担忧持续性通胀 料美股存在回调风险\n\n\n鲍威尔：供应链问题仍未好转 预计通胀将持续到明年\n美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔表示，供应链问题仍未好转，预计将持续到明年。这种情况可能持续到明年，通胀的持续时间将超过预期。\n随着经济从疫情中恢复，当前美国通胀率上升与经济重新开放有关，未来不会出现持续性的高通胀。\n鲍威尔周三在欧洲央行主办的一个会议上表示，“一段时间以来，我们和其他人一直预测，当前的通胀飙升不会导致一个新的通胀机制，通胀率不会每年都保持高位”。\n鲍威尔称，“眼下通胀率大增实际上是需求非常强劲而供应链受到制约的结果，这一切都与经济重新开放有关，这是一个过程，有开始，有中间和结束。很难讲这个过程的影响有多大或持续多久，但我们会恢复，会度过难关。”\n欧洲央行、日本央行、英国央行行长也出席了小组讨论会，他们对于导致全球经济受影响的供应链中断表示谨慎乐观，并认为通胀压力升高最终不会持久。\n\n美国国会预算办公室：避免联邦违约的现金和特别措施可能10月底用尽\n美国国会预算办公室称，财政部可能最早10月底就将触及发债限制，向迟迟解决不了债务上限问题的国会议员发出了最新警告。\n跨党派的国会预算办公室周三在报告中称，除非提高或暂停债务上限，否则财政部将在10月末或11月初耗尽用来避免联邦违约的现金及特别措施。财长耶伦周二表示，财政部估计10月18日就将用完现金。\n债务上限两年暂停期已经于7月31日到期结束，为此财政部启动特别措施节省现金，包括暂停向几支联邦雇员退休基金投入新资金。\n一旦这些措施用尽，美国将陷入技术性违约，被迫延迟向债权人付款。耶伦周二表示这将是“灾难性的”，并可能导致“金融危机”和经济衰退。\n\n波音获得美国国防部238亿美元的后续合同\n波音公司表示，美国国防部已授予其价值238亿美元的后续合同，为C-17全球霸神III运输机机队提供为期10年的服务。\n波音公司表示，根据协议，波音将继续为美国空军和8个全球合作伙伴管理的275架飞机提供工程、现场支持和材料管理等服务。\n波音还表示，根据新协议，波音还将降低机队每飞行小时的运营成本。\n该公司表示，新协议目前的资金支持至2024年9月，第一阶段的合同金额为35亿美元。\n\n苹果CEO库克获255万股股票奖励 价值3.68亿美元\n新浪科技讯 北京时间9月29日晚间消息，据报道，作为一项新奖励计划的一部分，苹果公司CEO蒂姆·库克（Tim Cook）日前再获得250多万股公司股票，价值近3.68亿美元。\n去年9月，苹果向库克发放了股票和基于业绩的奖励：到2026年，库克将获得超过100万股苹果股票。\n上个月，库克获得了500多万苹果股票。当时，库克以超过7.5亿美元的价值将其出售。这些股票是库克10年前出任苹果CEO时，所获得的薪酬方案的最后一部分。\n为此，苹果公司在去年又向库克授予了一份新的薪酬方案，即到2026年，库克可获得超过100万股苹果股票，以激励库克在2025年（库克最早将于2025年退休）之前继续为公司效力。\n当地时间周二，苹果在提交给美国证券交易委员会（SEC）的文件中称，库克基于新的奖励计划获得了255万股苹果股票，价值约3.677亿美元。\n\n英镑坐上过山车 策略师担忧该货币将变得真正不可预测\n英镑跌至数月低点，策略师们又开始把它当作新兴市场一般讨论。\n加油站无油，杂货店商品短缺、通胀加速、加息威胁迫近，这些因素令市场观察人士愈发焦虑，他们认为英镑面临急剧下跌风险。英镑目前在1.344美元左右，为去年12月以来的最低水平，本月已下跌逾2％。\n野村国际的策略师Jordan Rochester表示，“宏观投资者担心英镑以后变成一个真正不可预测的市场，”\nRBC Europe的首席外汇策略师Adam Cole表示，英镑的极端波动说明它的表现更像是新兴市场货币，虽然这不是分析师第一次进行这种比较，但它仍然是一个有争议的对比。\n\n花旗多数机构客户担忧持续性通胀 料美股存在回调风险\n花旗对机构客户的调查显示，大多数投资者对持续性高通胀感到担忧，认为美股下跌20%的可能性大于上涨20%。\n根据本月对90多支养老基金，共同基金和对冲基金进行的调查，尽管多数人预期标普500指数明年会温和上涨，但物价压力和美联储的政策逆转对股指构成重大风险。\n接近60%的受访者正在为“持续性”通胀做准备，只有23%的受访者认为通胀是“暂时性”的。大多数机构预测美联储在2022年下半年或2023年上半年加息。\n这对于指望从股指走高中获利的投资者而言是一个担忧因素，对于债券持有人来说更是坏消息。随着美股下跌，美债收益率飙升，那些坚持传统的60/40股债配置策略的机构已经在本月遭遇近一年来最大损失。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"161125":0.9,"513500":0.9,"IVV":0.9,"OEF":0.9,"ESmain":0.9,"SPY":0.9,"QQQ":0.9,"MNQmain":0.9,".IXIC":0.9,"QLD":0.9,"SH":0.9,"SSO":0.9,"SDS":0.9,"DDM":0.9,"DOG":0.9,"SQQQ":0.9,"DXD":0.9,"UDOW":0.9,"DJX":0.9,"TQQQ":0.9,"QID":0.9,"NQmain":0.9,".DJI":0.9,"SDOW":0.9,"SPXU":0.9,"PSQ":0.9,"UPRO":0.9,"OEX":0.9,".SPX":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1451,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":889223846,"gmtCreate":1631152281785,"gmtModify":1632884285799,"author":{"id":"4090372448888540","authorId":"4090372448888540","name":"winfredcth","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c465570918f25ab6c6a51f818aeceaf0","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"4090372448888540","idStr":"4090372448888540"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"Wow..gd 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07:13","market":"us","language":"en","title":"S&P 500 ends lower after U.S. September jobs miss<blockquote>美国9月就业机会未达预期，标普500收低</blockquote>","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1100565546","media":"Reuters","summary":" - The S&P 500 ended lower on Friday after data showed weaker jobs growth than expected in September, yet investors still expected the Federal Reserve to begin tapering asset purchases this year.Wall Street’s three main indexes were mixed for much of the session before losing ground toward the end. All three indexes posted weekly gains.Comcast Corp tumbled after Wells Fargo cut its price target on the media company, while Charter Communications Inc fell after Wells Fargo downgraded that cable op","content":"<p>(Reuters) - The S&amp;P 500 ended lower on Friday after data showed weaker jobs growth than expected in September, yet investors still expected the Federal Reserve to begin tapering asset purchases this year.</p><p><blockquote>路透标普500周五收低，此前数据显示9月就业增长弱于预期，但投资者仍预计美联储今年将开始缩减资产购买规模。</blockquote></p><p> Wall Street’s three main indexes were mixed for much of the session before losing ground toward the end. All three indexes posted weekly gains.</p><p><blockquote>华尔街三大主要股指在盘中大部分时间涨跌互现，但在接近尾声时有所下跌。三个指数均录得周线上涨。</blockquote></p><p> Comcast Corp tumbled after Wells Fargo cut its price target on the media company, while Charter Communications Inc fell after Wells Fargo downgraded that cable operator to “underweight” from “overweight”.</p><p><blockquote>富国银行下调康卡斯特公司的目标股价后，康卡斯特公司股价暴跌；富国银行将有线电视运营商的评级从“跑赢大盘”下调至“跑输大盘”后，Charter Communications Inc股价下跌。</blockquote></p><p> Both companies were among the biggest drags on the S&amp;P 500 and Nasdaq.</p><p><blockquote>这两家公司都是标普500和纳斯达克最大的拖累之一。</blockquote></p><p> Real estate and utilities were the poorest performers among 11 S&amp;P 500 sector indexes, down 1.1% and 0.7%, respectively.</p><p><blockquote>在11个标普500行业指数中，房地产和公用事业表现最差，分别下跌1.1%和0.7%。</blockquote></p><p> The S&amp;P 500 energy sector index jumped 3.1%, with oil up more than 4% on the week as a global energy crunch has boosted prices to their highest since 2014.</p><p><blockquote>标普500能源板块指数上涨3.1%，油价本周上涨超过4%，因全球能源紧缩将价格推高至2014年以来的最高水平。</blockquote></p><p> Chevron and Exxon Mobil rallied more than 2% and were among the companies giving the S&amp;P 500 the greatest lift.</p><p><blockquote>雪佛龙和埃克森美孚股价上涨超过2%，是对标普500提振最大的公司之一。</blockquote></p><p> The Labor Department’s nonfarm payrolls report showed the U.S. economy in September created the fewest jobs in nine months as hiring dropped at schools and some businesses were short of workers. The unemployment rate fell to 4.8% from 5.2% in August and average hourly earnings rose 0.6%, which was more than expected.</p><p><blockquote>美国劳工部的非农就业报告显示，美国经济9月份创造的就业岗位为九个月来最少，原因是学校招聘人数下降，一些企业缺乏工人。失业率从8月份的5.2%降至4.8%，平均时薪增长0.6%，超出预期。</blockquote></p><p> “I think that the Federal Reserve made it very clear that they don’t need a blockbuster jobs report to taper in November,” said Kathy Lien, Managing Director at BK Asset Management in New York. “I think the Fed remains on track.”</p><p><blockquote>纽约BK资产管理公司董事总经理凯西·连恩(Kathy Lien)表示：“我认为美联储非常明确地表示，他们不需要一份重磅的就业报告就可以在11月份缩减规模。”“我认为美联储仍在正轨上。”</blockquote></p><p> Futures on the federal funds rate priced in a quarter-point tightening by the Federal Reserve by November or December next year.</p><p><blockquote>联邦基金利率期货预计美联储将在明年11月或12月收紧25个基点。</blockquote></p><p> The Dow Jones Industrial Average dipped 0.03% to end at 34,746.25 points, while the S&amp;P 500 lost 0.19% to 4,391.35.</p><p><blockquote>道琼斯工业平均指数下跌0.03%，收于34,746.25点；标普500下跌0.19%，收于4,391.35点。</blockquote></p><p> The Nasdaq Composite dropped 0.51% to 14,579.54.</p><p><blockquote>纳斯达克综合指数下跌0.51%，至14,579.54点。</blockquote></p><p> For the week, the S&amp;P 500 rose 0.8%, the Dow added 1.2% and the Nasdaq gained 0.1%.</p><p><blockquote>本周，标普500上涨0.8%，道琼斯指数上涨1.2%，纳斯达克上涨0.1%。</blockquote></p><p> Third-quarter reporting season kicks off next week, with JPMorgan Chase and other big banks among the first to post results. Investors are focused on global supply chain problems and labor shortages.</p><p><blockquote>第三季度财报季将于下周拉开帷幕，摩根大通和其他大银行将率先公布业绩。投资者关注全球供应链问题和劳动力短缺。</blockquote></p><p> Analysts see Q3 U.S. earnings growth of 30%:</p><p><blockquote>分析师预计美国第三季度盈利增长30%：</blockquote></p><p> Analysts on average expect S&amp;P 500 earnings per share for the quarter to be up almost 30%, according to Refinitiv.</p><p><blockquote>根据Refinitiv的数据，分析师平均预计标普500本季度每股收益将增长近30%。</blockquote></p><p> “I think it’s going to be a dicey earnings season,” warned Liz Young, head of investment strategy at SoFi in New York. “If supply-chain issues are driving up costs, a company with strong pricing power can pass through those rising costs. But you can’t pass through a labor shortage if you can’t find workers to hire.”</p><p><blockquote>纽约SoFi投资策略主管Liz Young警告说：“我认为这将是一个充满风险的财报季。”“如果供应链问题推高了成本，拥有强大定价权的公司可以转嫁这些上涨的成本。但如果你找不到工人来雇佣，你就无法转嫁劳动力短缺。”</blockquote></p><p> Declining issues outnumbered advancing ones on the NYSE by a 1.24-to-1 ratio; on Nasdaq, a 1.52-to-1 ratio favored decliners.</p><p><blockquote>纽约证券交易所下跌股与上涨股的比例为1.24比1；在纳斯达克，1.52比1的比率有利于下跌股。</blockquote></p><p> The S&amp;P 500 posted 26 new 52-week highs and 3 new lows; the Nasdaq Composite recorded 86 new highs and 113 new lows.</p><p><blockquote>标普500创下26个52周新高和3个新低；纳斯达克综合指数录得86个新高和113个新低。</blockquote></p><p> Volume on U.S. exchanges was 9.2 billion shares, compared with the 11 billion average over the last 20 trading days.</p><p><blockquote>美国交易所的成交量为92亿股，而过去20个交易日的平均成交量为110亿股。</blockquote></p><p></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>S&P 500 ends lower after U.S. September jobs miss<blockquote>美国9月就业机会未达预期，标普500收低</blockquote></title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nS&P 500 ends lower after U.S. September jobs miss<blockquote>美国9月就业机会未达预期，标普500收低</blockquote>\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<p class=\"head\">\n<strong class=\"h-name small\">Reuters</strong><span class=\"h-time small\">2021-10-09 07:13</span>\n</p>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p>(Reuters) - The S&amp;P 500 ended lower on Friday after data showed weaker jobs growth than expected in September, yet investors still expected the Federal Reserve to begin tapering asset purchases this year.</p><p><blockquote>路透标普500周五收低，此前数据显示9月就业增长弱于预期，但投资者仍预计美联储今年将开始缩减资产购买规模。</blockquote></p><p> Wall Street’s three main indexes were mixed for much of the session before losing ground toward the end. All three indexes posted weekly gains.</p><p><blockquote>华尔街三大主要股指在盘中大部分时间涨跌互现，但在接近尾声时有所下跌。三个指数均录得周线上涨。</blockquote></p><p> Comcast Corp tumbled after Wells Fargo cut its price target on the media company, while Charter Communications Inc fell after Wells Fargo downgraded that cable operator to “underweight” from “overweight”.</p><p><blockquote>富国银行下调康卡斯特公司的目标股价后，康卡斯特公司股价暴跌；富国银行将有线电视运营商的评级从“跑赢大盘”下调至“跑输大盘”后，Charter Communications Inc股价下跌。</blockquote></p><p> Both companies were among the biggest drags on the S&amp;P 500 and Nasdaq.</p><p><blockquote>这两家公司都是标普500和纳斯达克最大的拖累之一。</blockquote></p><p> Real estate and utilities were the poorest performers among 11 S&amp;P 500 sector indexes, down 1.1% and 0.7%, respectively.</p><p><blockquote>在11个标普500行业指数中，房地产和公用事业表现最差，分别下跌1.1%和0.7%。</blockquote></p><p> The S&amp;P 500 energy sector index jumped 3.1%, with oil up more than 4% on the week as a global energy crunch has boosted prices to their highest since 2014.</p><p><blockquote>标普500能源板块指数上涨3.1%，油价本周上涨超过4%，因全球能源紧缩将价格推高至2014年以来的最高水平。</blockquote></p><p> Chevron and Exxon Mobil rallied more than 2% and were among the companies giving the S&amp;P 500 the greatest lift.</p><p><blockquote>雪佛龙和埃克森美孚股价上涨超过2%，是对标普500提振最大的公司之一。</blockquote></p><p> The Labor Department’s nonfarm payrolls report showed the U.S. economy in September created the fewest jobs in nine months as hiring dropped at schools and some businesses were short of workers. The unemployment rate fell to 4.8% from 5.2% in August and average hourly earnings rose 0.6%, which was more than expected.</p><p><blockquote>美国劳工部的非农就业报告显示，美国经济9月份创造的就业岗位为九个月来最少，原因是学校招聘人数下降，一些企业缺乏工人。失业率从8月份的5.2%降至4.8%，平均时薪增长0.6%，超出预期。</blockquote></p><p> “I think that the Federal Reserve made it very clear that they don’t need a blockbuster jobs report to taper in November,” said Kathy Lien, Managing Director at BK Asset Management in New York. “I think the Fed remains on track.”</p><p><blockquote>纽约BK资产管理公司董事总经理凯西·连恩(Kathy Lien)表示：“我认为美联储非常明确地表示，他们不需要一份重磅的就业报告就可以在11月份缩减规模。”“我认为美联储仍在正轨上。”</blockquote></p><p> Futures on the federal funds rate priced in a quarter-point tightening by the Federal Reserve by November or December next year.</p><p><blockquote>联邦基金利率期货预计美联储将在明年11月或12月收紧25个基点。</blockquote></p><p> The Dow Jones Industrial Average dipped 0.03% to end at 34,746.25 points, while the S&amp;P 500 lost 0.19% to 4,391.35.</p><p><blockquote>道琼斯工业平均指数下跌0.03%，收于34,746.25点；标普500下跌0.19%，收于4,391.35点。</blockquote></p><p> The Nasdaq Composite dropped 0.51% to 14,579.54.</p><p><blockquote>纳斯达克综合指数下跌0.51%，至14,579.54点。</blockquote></p><p> For the week, the S&amp;P 500 rose 0.8%, the Dow added 1.2% and the Nasdaq gained 0.1%.</p><p><blockquote>本周，标普500上涨0.8%，道琼斯指数上涨1.2%，纳斯达克上涨0.1%。</blockquote></p><p> Third-quarter reporting season kicks off next week, with JPMorgan Chase and other big banks among the first to post results. Investors are focused on global supply chain problems and labor shortages.</p><p><blockquote>第三季度财报季将于下周拉开帷幕，摩根大通和其他大银行将率先公布业绩。投资者关注全球供应链问题和劳动力短缺。</blockquote></p><p> Analysts see Q3 U.S. earnings growth of 30%:</p><p><blockquote>分析师预计美国第三季度盈利增长30%：</blockquote></p><p> Analysts on average expect S&amp;P 500 earnings per share for the quarter to be up almost 30%, according to Refinitiv.</p><p><blockquote>根据Refinitiv的数据，分析师平均预计标普500本季度每股收益将增长近30%。</blockquote></p><p> “I think it’s going to be a dicey earnings season,” warned Liz Young, head of investment strategy at SoFi in New York. “If supply-chain issues are driving up costs, a company with strong pricing power can pass through those rising costs. But you can’t pass through a labor shortage if you can’t find workers to hire.”</p><p><blockquote>纽约SoFi投资策略主管Liz Young警告说：“我认为这将是一个充满风险的财报季。”“如果供应链问题推高了成本，拥有强大定价权的公司可以转嫁这些上涨的成本。但如果你找不到工人来雇佣，你就无法转嫁劳动力短缺。”</blockquote></p><p> Declining issues outnumbered advancing ones on the NYSE by a 1.24-to-1 ratio; on Nasdaq, a 1.52-to-1 ratio favored decliners.</p><p><blockquote>纽约证券交易所下跌股与上涨股的比例为1.24比1；在纳斯达克，1.52比1的比率有利于下跌股。</blockquote></p><p> The S&amp;P 500 posted 26 new 52-week highs and 3 new lows; the Nasdaq Composite recorded 86 new highs and 113 new lows.</p><p><blockquote>标普500创下26个52周新高和3个新低；纳斯达克综合指数录得86个新高和113个新低。</blockquote></p><p> Volume on U.S. exchanges was 9.2 billion shares, compared with the 11 billion average over the last 20 trading days.</p><p><blockquote>美国交易所的成交量为92亿股，而过去20个交易日的平均成交量为110亿股。</blockquote></p><p></p>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n<p> 来源：<a href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-stocks/us-stocks-sp-500-ends-lower-after-u-s-september-jobs-miss-idUSL1N2R42C9\">Reuters</a></p>\n<p>为提升您的阅读体验，我们对本页面进行了排版优化</p>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{".DJI":"道琼斯",".SPX":"S&P 500 Index",".IXIC":"NASDAQ Composite"},"source_url":"https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-stocks/us-stocks-sp-500-ends-lower-after-u-s-september-jobs-miss-idUSL1N2R42C9","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1100565546","content_text":"(Reuters) - The S&P 500 ended lower on Friday after data showed weaker jobs growth than expected in September, yet investors still expected the Federal Reserve to begin tapering asset purchases this year.\nWall Street’s three main indexes were mixed for much of the session before losing ground toward the end. All three indexes posted weekly gains.\nComcast Corp tumbled after Wells Fargo cut its price target on the media company, while Charter Communications Inc fell after Wells Fargo downgraded that cable operator to “underweight” from “overweight”.\nBoth companies were among the biggest drags on the S&P 500 and Nasdaq.\nReal estate and utilities were the poorest performers among 11 S&P 500 sector indexes, down 1.1% and 0.7%, respectively.\nThe S&P 500 energy sector index jumped 3.1%, with oil up more than 4% on the week as a global energy crunch has boosted prices to their highest since 2014.\nChevron and Exxon Mobil rallied more than 2% and were among the companies giving the S&P 500 the greatest lift.\nThe Labor Department’s nonfarm payrolls report showed the U.S. economy in September created the fewest jobs in nine months as hiring dropped at schools and some businesses were short of workers. The unemployment rate fell to 4.8% from 5.2% in August and average hourly earnings rose 0.6%, which was more than expected.\n“I think that the Federal Reserve made it very clear that they don’t need a blockbuster jobs report to taper in November,” said Kathy Lien, Managing Director at BK Asset Management in New York. “I think the Fed remains on track.”\nFutures on the federal funds rate priced in a quarter-point tightening by the Federal Reserve by November or December next year.\nThe Dow Jones Industrial Average dipped 0.03% to end at 34,746.25 points, while the S&P 500 lost 0.19% to 4,391.35.\nThe Nasdaq Composite dropped 0.51% to 14,579.54.\nFor the week, the S&P 500 rose 0.8%, the Dow added 1.2% and the Nasdaq gained 0.1%.\nThird-quarter reporting season kicks off next week, with JPMorgan Chase and other big banks among the first to post results. Investors are focused on global supply chain problems and labor shortages.\nAnalysts see Q3 U.S. earnings growth of 30%:\nAnalysts on average expect S&P 500 earnings per share for the quarter to be up almost 30%, according to Refinitiv.\n“I think it’s going to be a dicey earnings season,” warned Liz Young, head of investment strategy at SoFi in New York. “If supply-chain issues are driving up costs, a company with strong pricing power can pass through those rising costs. But you can’t pass through a labor shortage if you can’t find workers to hire.”\nDeclining issues outnumbered advancing ones on the NYSE by a 1.24-to-1 ratio; on Nasdaq, a 1.52-to-1 ratio favored decliners.\nThe S&P 500 posted 26 new 52-week highs and 3 new lows; the Nasdaq Composite recorded 86 new highs and 113 new lows.\nVolume on U.S. exchanges was 9.2 billion shares, compared with the 11 billion average over the last 20 trading days.","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{".IXIC":0.9,".SPX":0.9,".DJI":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":897,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":889223846,"gmtCreate":1631152281785,"gmtModify":1632884285799,"author":{"id":"4090372448888540","authorId":"4090372448888540","name":"winfredcth","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c465570918f25ab6c6a51f818aeceaf0","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"4090372448888540","idStr":"4090372448888540"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"Wow..gd to know&nbsp;","listText":"Wow..gd to know&nbsp;","text":"Wow..gd to know","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":4,"commentSize":1,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/889223846","repostId":"1140686239","repostType":2,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":823,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":636596428,"gmtCreate":1645975336594,"gmtModify":1645975336790,"author":{"id":"4090372448888540","authorId":"4090372448888540","name":"winfredcth","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c465570918f25ab6c6a51f818aeceaf0","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"4090372448888540","idStr":"4090372448888540"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"true","listText":"true","text":"true","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":1,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/636596428","repostId":"1125580913","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1125580913","kind":"news","weMediaInfo":{"introduction":"Providing stock market headlines, business news, financials and earnings ","home_visible":1,"media_name":"Tiger Newspress","id":"1079075236","head_image":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba"},"pubTimestamp":1645926503,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1125580913?lang=zh_CN&edition=full","pubTime":"2022-02-27 09:48","market":"us","language":"en","title":"Buffett Full Annual Letter：Apple is One of ‘Four Giants’ Driving the Conglomerate’s Value<blockquote>巴菲特完整年度信：苹果是推动巴菲特价值的“四大巨头”之一</blockquote>","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1125580913","media":"Tiger Newspress","summary":"Warren Buffett released his annual letter to Berkshire Hathaway shareholders on Saturday. The 91-yea","content":"<p><html><head></head><body>Warren Buffett released his annual letter to Berkshire Hathaway shareholders on Saturday. The 91-year-old investing legend has been publishing the letter for over six decades and it has become required reading for investors around the world.</p><p><blockquote><html><head></head><body>沃伦·巴菲特周六发布了致伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司股东的年度信。这位91岁的投资传奇人物已经出版这封信60多年了，它已成为世界各地投资者的必读书目。</body></html></blockquote></p><p>Warren Buffett said he now considers tech giant Apple as one of the four pillars driving Berkshire Hathaway, the conglomerate of mostly old-economy businesses he’s assembled over the last five decades.</p><p><blockquote>沃伦·巴菲特表示，他现在认为科技巨头苹果是推动伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司的四大支柱之一，伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司是沃伦·巴菲特在过去50年里组建的主要由旧经济企业组成的企业集团。</blockquote></p><p>In his annual letter to shareholders released on Saturday, the 91-year-old investing legend listed Apple under the heading “Our Four Giants” and even called the company the second-most important after Berkshire’s cluster of insurers, thanks to its chief executive.</p><p><blockquote>在周六发布的致股东的年度信中，这位91岁的投资传奇人物将苹果列为“我们的四大巨头”，甚至称该公司是仅次于伯克希尔保险集团的第二大保险公司，这要归功于伯克希尔的首席执行官。</blockquote></p><p>“Tim Cook, Apple’s brilliant CEO, quite properly regards users of Apple products as his first love, but all of his other constituencies benefit from Tim’s managerial touch as well,” the letter stated.</p><p><blockquote>信中写道：“苹果才华横溢的首席执行官蒂姆·库克非常恰当地将苹果产品的用户视为他的初恋，但他的所有其他支持者也受益于蒂姆的管理风格。”</blockquote></p><p>Buffett made clear he is a fan of Cook’s stock repurchase strategy, and how it gives the conglomerate increased ownership of each dollar of the iPhone maker’s earnings without the investor having to lift a finger.</p><p><blockquote>巴菲特明确表示，他是库克股票回购策略的粉丝，以及该策略如何让该集团增加对这家iPhone制造商每一美元收益的所有权，而投资者无需动一根手指。</blockquote></p><p>“Apple – our runner-up Giant as measured by its yearend market value – is a different sort of holding. Here, our ownership is a mere 5.55%, up from 5.39% a year earlier,” Buffett said in the letter. “That increase sounds like small potatoes. But consider that each 0.1% of Apple’s 2021 earnings amounted to $100 million. We spent no Berkshire funds to gain our accretion. Apple’s repurchases did the job.”</p><p><blockquote>巴菲特在信中表示：“以年终市值衡量，苹果是我们的第二大巨头。在这里，我们的持股比例仅为5.55%，高于一年前的5.39%。”“这一增长听起来像是小巫见大巫。但考虑到苹果2021年盈利的0.1%相当于1亿美元。我们没有花费伯克希尔的资金来获得增长。苹果的回购完成了这项工作。”</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire began buying Apple stock in 2016 under the influence of Buffett’s investing deputies Todd Combs and Ted Weschler. By mid-2018, the conglomerate accumulated 5% ownership of the iPhone maker, a stake that cost $36 billion. Today, the Apple investment is now worth more than $160 billion, taking up 40% of Berkshire’s equity portfolio.</p><p><blockquote>在巴菲特投资副手Todd Combs和Ted Weschler的影响下，Berkshire于2016年开始买入苹果股票。到2018年中期，该集团积累了这家iPhone制造商5%的股份，价值360亿美元。如今，苹果的投资价值超过1600亿美元，占伯克希尔股票投资组合的40%。</blockquote></p><p>“It’s important to understand that only dividends from Apple are counted in the GAAP earnings Berkshire reports – and last year, Apple paid us $785 million of those. Yet our ‘share’ of Apple’s earnings amounted to a staggering $5.6 billion. Much of what the company retained was used to repurchase Apple shares, an act we applaud,” Buffett said.</p><p><blockquote>“重要的是要明白，伯克希尔的GAAP收益报告中只有苹果的股息被计算在内——去年，苹果支付了其中的7.85亿美元。然而，我们在苹果收益中的‘份额’达到了惊人的56亿美元。公司保留的大部分资金用于回购苹果股票，我们对此表示赞赏。”</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire is Apple’s largest shareholder, outside of index and exchange-traded fund providers.</p><p><blockquote>除了指数和交易所交易基金提供商之外，Berkshire是苹果最大的股东。</blockquote></p><p>Buffett also credited his railroad business BNSF and energy segment BHE as two other giants of the conglomerate, which both registered record earnings in 2021.</p><p><blockquote>巴菲特还将他的铁路业务BNSF和能源部门BHE视为该集团的另外两家巨头，这两家公司在2021年的盈利均创历史新高。</blockquote></p><p>“BNSF, our third Giant, continues to be the number one artery of American commerce, which makes it an indispensable asset for America as well as for Berkshire,” Buffett said. “BHE has become a utility powerhouse and a leading force in wind, solar and transmission throughout much of the United States.”</p><p><blockquote>巴菲特表示：“我们的第三大巨头BNSF仍然是美国商业的第一大动脉，这使其成为美国和伯克希尔不可或缺的资产。”“BHE已成为美国大部分地区的公用事业巨头以及风能、太阳能和输电领域的主导力量。”</blockquote></p><p><b>Read the full letter here：</b></p><p><blockquote><b>在这里阅读完整的信：</b></blockquote></p><p>To the Shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.:</p><p><blockquote>致伯克希尔哈撒韦公司股东：</blockquote></p><p>Charlie Munger, my long-time partner, and I have the job of managing a portion of your savings. We are honored by your trust.</p><p><blockquote>我的长期合伙人查理·芒格和我的工作是管理你的一部分储蓄。我们很荣幸得到你的信任。</blockquote></p><p>Our position carries with it the responsibility to report to you what we would like to know if we were the absentee owner and you were the manager. We enjoy communicating directly with you through this annual letter, and through the annual meeting as well.</p><p><blockquote>如果我们是缺席的所有者，而您是经理，我们的职位有责任向您报告我们想知道的信息。我们喜欢通过这封年度信函和年会直接与您交流。</blockquote></p><p>Our policy is to treat all shareholders equally. Therefore, we do not hold discussions with analysts nor large institutions. Whenever possible, also, we release important communications on Saturday mornings in order to maximize the time for shareholders and the media to absorb the news before markets open on Monday.</p><p><blockquote>我们的政策是平等对待所有股东。因此，我们不与分析师或大型机构进行讨论。此外，只要有可能，我们会在周六上午发布重要信息，以便最大限度地让股东和媒体在周一开市前有时间了解新闻。</blockquote></p><p>A wealth of Berkshire facts and figures are set forth in the annual 10-K that the company regularly files with the S.E.C. and that we reproduce on pages K-1 – K-119. Some shareholders will find this detail engrossing; others will simply prefer to learn what Charlie and I believe is new or interesting at Berkshire.</p><p><blockquote>伯克希尔定期向美国证券交易委员会提交的年度10-K报告中列出了大量事实和数据。我们在K-1-K-119页复制了这一点。一些股东会发现这个细节引人入胜；其他人则更愿意了解查理和我认为伯克希尔的新事物或有趣之处。</blockquote></p><p>Alas, there was little action of that sort in 2021. We did, though, make reasonable progress in increasing the intrinsic value of your shares. That task has been my primary duty for 57 years. And it will continue to be.</p><p><blockquote>唉，2021年几乎没有这样的行动。不过，我们在增加您股票的内在价值方面确实取得了合理的进展。57年来，这项任务一直是我的主要职责。并将继续如此。</blockquote></p><p><b>What You Own</b></p><p><blockquote><b>你拥有什么</b></blockquote></p><p>Berkshire owns a wide variety of businesses, some in their entirety, some only in part. The second group largely consists of marketable common stocks of major American companies. Additionally, we own a few non-U.S. equities and participate in several joint ventures or other collaborative activities.</p><p><blockquote>伯克希尔拥有各种各样的业务，有些是全部，有些只是部分。第二组主要由美国大公司的有价证券普通股组成。此外，我们拥有一些非美国股票，并参与多家合资企业或其他合作活动。</blockquote></p><p>Whatever our form of ownership, our goal is to have meaningful investments in businesses with both durable economic advantages and a first-class CEO. Please note particularly that we own stocks based upon our expectations about their long-term business performance and not because we view them as vehicles for timely market moves. That point is crucial: Charlie and I are not stock-pickers; we are business-pickers.</p><p><blockquote>无论我们的所有权形式如何，我们的目标都是对既有持久经济优势又有一流首席执行官的企业进行有意义的投资。请特别注意，我们持有股票是基于我们对其长期业务表现的预期，而不是因为我们将它们视为及时市场波动的工具。这一点至关重要：查理和我不是选股者；我们是挑选生意的人。</blockquote></p><p></p><p>I make many mistakes. Consequently, our extensive collection of businesses includes some enterprises that have truly extraordinary economics, many others that enjoy good economic characteristics, and a few that are marginal. One advantage of our common-stock segment is that – on occasion – it becomes easy to buy pieces of wonderful businesses at wonderful prices. That shooting-fish-in-a-barrel experience is very rare in negotiated transactions and never occurs en masse. It is also far easier to exit from a mistake when it has been made in the marketable arena.</p><p><blockquote>我犯了很多错误。因此，我们广泛收集的企业包括一些具有真正非凡经济效益的企业，许多其他享有良好经济特征的企业，以及少数边缘企业。我们普通股部门的一个优势是——有时——以优惠的价格购买精彩的业务变得很容易。这种在谈判交易中射鱼的经历非常罕见，而且永远不会集体发生。当错误发生在市场舞台上时，从错误中退出也要容易得多。</blockquote></p><p><h2><b>Surprise, Surprise</b></h2>Here are a few items about your company that often surprise even seasoned investors:</p><p><blockquote><h2><b>惊喜，惊喜</b></h2>以下是有关贵公司的一些事项，即使是经验丰富的投资者也常常感到惊讶：</blockquote></p><p>• Many people perceive Berkshire as a large and somewhat strange collection of financial assets. In truth, Berkshire owns and operates more U.S.-based “infrastructure” assets – classified on our balance sheet as property, plant and equipment – than are owned and operated by any other American corporation. That supremacy has never been our goal. It has, however, become a fact.</p><p><blockquote>•许多人认为伯克希尔是一个庞大而有些奇怪的金融资产集合体。事实上，伯克希尔拥有和经营的美国“基础设施”资产（在我们的资产负债表上归类为财产、厂房和设备）比任何其他美国公司拥有和经营的都多。这种霸权从来都不是我们的目标。然而，这已经成为事实。</blockquote></p><p>At yearend, those domestic infrastructure assets were carried on Berkshire’s balance sheet at $158 billion. That number increased last year and will continue to increase. Berkshire always will be building.</p><p><blockquote>截至年底，这些国内基础设施资产在伯克希尔资产负债表上的价值为1580亿美元。这一数字去年有所增加，并将继续增加。伯克希尔将永远在建设。</blockquote></p><p>• Every year, your company makes substantial federal income tax payments. In 2021, for example, we paid</p><p><blockquote>•您的公司每年都要缴纳大量的联邦所得税。例如，在2021年，我们支付了</blockquote></p><p>$3.3 billion while the U.S. Treasury reported total corporate income-tax receipts of $402 billion. Additionally, Berkshire pays substantial state and foreign taxes. “I gave at the office” is an unassailable assertion when made by Berkshire shareholders.</p><p><blockquote>33亿美元，而美国财政部报告的企业所得税总收入为4020亿美元。此外，伯克希尔还要缴纳大量的州税和外国税。“我在办公室给了”是伯克希尔股东不容置疑的断言。</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire’s history vividly illustrates the invisible and often unrecognized financial partnership between  government and American businesses. Our tale begins early in 1955, when Berkshire Fine Spinning and Hathaway Manufacturing agreed to merge their businesses. In their requests for shareholder approval, these venerable New England textile companies expressed high hopes for the combination.</p><p><blockquote>伯克希尔的历史生动地说明了政府和美国企业之间看不见的、往往不被认可的金融伙伴关系。我们的故事始于1955年初，当时伯克希尔精细纺纱公司和哈撒韦制造公司同意合并他们的业务。在请求股东批准的请求中，这些历史悠久的新英格兰纺织公司对合并寄予厚望。</blockquote></p><p>The Hathaway solicitation, for example, assured its shareholders that “The combination of the resources and managements will result in one of the strongest and most efficient organizations in the textile industry.” That upbeat view was endorsed by the company’s advisor, Lehman Brothers (yes, that Lehman Brothers).</p><p><blockquote>例如，哈撒韦公司的招标向其股东保证，“资源和管理的结合将产生纺织行业最强大、最高效的组织之一。”这种乐观的观点得到了该公司顾问雷曼兄弟（是的，就是雷曼兄弟）的认可。</blockquote></p><p>I’m sure it was a joyous day in both Fall River (Berkshire) and New Bedford (Hathaway) when the union was consummated. After the bands stopped playing and the bankers went home, however, the shareholders reaped a disaster.</p><p><blockquote>我敢肯定，当联盟完成时，福尔里弗（伯克郡）和新贝德福德（哈撒韦）都是欢乐的一天。然而，在乐队停止演奏、银行家们回家后，股东们却收获了一场灾难。</blockquote></p><p>In the nine years following the merger, Berkshire’s owners watched the company’s net worth crater from</p><p><blockquote>在合并后的九年里，伯克希尔的所有者眼睁睁地看着公司的净资产从</blockquote></p><p>$51.4 million to $22.1 million. In part, this decline was caused by stock repurchases, ill-advised dividends and plant shutdowns. But nine years of effort by many thousands of employees delivered an operating loss as well. Berkshire’s struggles were not unusual: The New England textile industry had silently entered an extended and non-reversible death march.</p><p><blockquote>5140万美元至2210万美元。这种下降在一定程度上是由股票回购、不明智的股息和工厂关闭造成的。但数千名员工九年的努力也带来了运营亏损。伯克希尔的挣扎并不罕见：新英格兰纺织业已经悄然进入了漫长且不可逆转的死亡行军。</blockquote></p><p>During the nine post-merger years, the U.S. Treasury suffered as well from Berkshire’s troubles. All told, the company paid the government only $337,359 in income tax during that period – a pathetic $100 per day.</p><p><blockquote>在合并后的九年里，美国财政部也遭受了伯克希尔的麻烦。在此期间，该公司总共只向政府缴纳了337,359美元的所得税——每天只有可怜的100美元。</blockquote></p><p>Early in 1965, things changed. Berkshire installed new management that redeployed available cash and steered essentially all earnings into a variety of good businesses, most of which remained good through the years. Coupling reinvestment of earnings with the power of compounding worked its magic, and shareholders prospered.</p><p><blockquote>1965年初，情况发生了变化。伯克希尔任命了新的管理层，重新部署了可用现金，并将基本上所有收益转移到各种良好的业务中，其中大多数业务多年来一直保持良好状态。将收益再投资与复利的力量结合起来发挥了它的魔力，股东们也因此繁荣起来。</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire’s owners, it should be noted, were not the only beneficiary of that course correction. Their “silent partner,” the U.S. Treasury, proceeded to collect many tens of billions of dollars from the company in income tax payments. Remember the $100 daily? Now, Berkshire pays roughly $9 million daily to the Treasury.</p><p><blockquote>应该指出的是，伯克希尔的所有者并不是这一路线调整的唯一受益者。他们的“沉默伙伴”，美国财政部，继续从该公司收取数百亿美元的所得税。还记得每天100美元吗？现在，伯克希尔每天向财政部支付大约900万美元。</blockquote></p><p>In fairness to our governmental partner, our shareholders should acknowledge – indeed trumpet – the fact that Berkshire’s prosperity has been fostered mightily because the company has operated in America. Our country would have done splendidly in the years since 1965 without Berkshire. Absent our American home, however, Berkshire would never have come close to becoming what it is today. When you see the flag, say thanks.</p><p><blockquote>为我们的政府合作伙伴说句公道话，我们的股东应该承认——事实上是鼓吹——这样一个事实：伯克希尔的繁荣得到了极大的促进，因为该公司在美国运营。如果没有伯克希尔，我们的国家在1965年以来的几年里会做得非常出色。然而，如果没有我们的美国家园，伯克希尔永远不会成为今天的样子。当你看到旗子时，说声谢谢。</blockquote></p><p>• From an $8.6 million purchase of National Indemnity in 1967, Berkshire has become the world leader in insurance “float” – money we hold and can invest but that does not belong to us. Including a relatively small sum derived from life insurance, Berkshire’s total float has grown from $19 million when we entered the insurance business to $147 billion.</p><p><blockquote>1967年，伯克希尔斥资860万美元收购了美国国家赔偿公司（National Indemnity），如今已成为保险“浮动”（float）领域的全球领导者——我们持有并可以投资但不属于我们的资金。包括来自人寿保险的相对较小的金额在内，伯克希尔的总流通量已从我们进入保险业务时的1900万美元增长到1470亿美元。</blockquote></p><p>So far, this float has cost us less than nothing. Though we have experienced a number of years when insurance losses combined with operating expenses exceeded premiums, overall we have earned a modest 55-year profit from the underwriting activities that generated our float.</p><p><blockquote>到目前为止，这辆彩车让我们付出了不到一分钱的代价。尽管我们经历了多年保险损失加上运营费用超过保费的情况，但总体而言，我们从产生流通量的承保活动中获得了55年的适度利润。</blockquote></p><p></p><p>Of equal importance, float is very sticky. Funds attributable to our insurance operations come and go daily, but their aggregate total is immune from precipitous decline. When it comes to investing float, we can therefore think long-term.</p><p><blockquote>同样重要的是，浮子非常粘。归属于我们保险业务的资金每天来来去去，但其总额不会急剧下降。因此，在投资流通量时，我们可以从长计议。</blockquote></p><p>If you are not already familiar with the concept of float, I refer you to a long explanation on page A-5. To my surprise, our float increased $9 billion last year, a buildup of value that is important to Berkshire owners though is not reflected in our GAAP (“generally-accepted accounting principles”) presentation of earnings and net worth.</p><p><blockquote>如果你还不熟悉浮点的概念，我建议你参考A-5页的长篇解释。令我惊讶的是，我们的流通量去年增加了90亿美元，这一价值的积累对伯克希尔所有者来说很重要，但并未反映在我们的GAAP（“公认会计原则”）收益和净值列报中。</blockquote></p><p>Much of our huge value creation in insurance is attributable to Berkshire’s good luck in my 1986 hiring of Ajit Jain. We first met on a Saturday morning, and I quickly asked Ajit what his insurance experience had been. He replied, “None.”</p><p><blockquote>我们在保险业创造的巨大价值很大程度上要归功于伯克希尔的好运，我在1986年聘请了阿吉特·贾恩。我们第一次见面是在一个周六的早上，我很快问阿吉特他的保险经历是什么。他回答说：“没有。”</blockquote></p><p>I said, “Nobody’s perfect,” and hired him. That was my lucky day: Ajit actually was as perfect a choice as could have been made. Better yet, he continues to be – 35 years later.</p><p><blockquote>我说，“人无完人”，就雇了他。那是我的幸运日：阿吉特实际上是一个完美的选择。更好的是，35年后，他仍然是。</blockquote></p><p>One final thought about insurance: I believe that it is likely – but far from assured – that Berkshire’s float can be maintained without our incurring a long-term underwriting loss. I am certain, however, that there will be some years when we experience such losses, perhaps involving very large sums.</p><p><blockquote>关于保险的最后一个想法：我相信伯克希尔哈撒韦公司的流通股很可能——但远不能确定——能够在不遭受长期承保损失的情况下维持下去。然而，我确信，我们将在未来几年经历这种损失，可能涉及非常大的金额。</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire is constructed to handle catastrophic events as no other insurer – and that priority will remain long after Charlie and I are gone.</p><p><blockquote>伯克希尔在处理灾难性事件方面的能力与其他保险公司不同——在查理和我离开后很长一段时间内，这一优先事项仍将继续存在。</blockquote></p><p><h2>Our Four Giants</h2>Through Berkshire, our shareholders own many dozens of businesses. Some of these, in turn, have a collection of subsidiaries of their own. For example, Marmon has more than 100 individual business operations, ranging from the leasing of railroad cars to the manufacture of medical devices.</p><p><blockquote><h2>我们的四大巨头</h2>通过伯克希尔，我们的股东拥有数十家企业。反过来，其中一些又有自己的子公司。例如，Marmon拥有100多项个体业务，从铁路车辆租赁到医疗设备制造。</blockquote></p><p>• Nevertheless, operations of our “Big Four” companies account for a very large chunk of Berkshire’s value. Leading this list is our cluster of insurers. Berkshire effectively owns 100% of this group, whose massive float value we earlier described. The invested assets of these insurers are further enlarged by the extraordinary amount of capital we invest to back up their promises.</p><p><blockquote>·尽管如此，我们的“四大”公司的运营在伯克希尔的价值中占了非常大的一块。领先的是我们的保险公司集群。伯克希尔实际上拥有该集团100%的股份，其巨大的流通价值我们之前描述过。我们为支持这些保险公司的承诺而投入的大量资本进一步扩大了这些保险公司的投资资产。</blockquote></p><p>The insurance business is made to order for Berkshire. The product will never be obsolete, and sales volume will generally increase along with both economic growth and inflation. Also, integrity and capital will forever be important. Our company can and will behave well.</p><p><blockquote>保险业务是为伯克希尔定制的。该产品永远不会过时，销量通常会随着经济增长和通货膨胀而增加。此外，诚信和资本永远很重要。我们公司能够也将会表现良好。</blockquote></p><p>There are, of course, other insurers with excellent business models and prospects. Replication of Berkshire’s operation, however, would be almost impossible.</p><p><blockquote>当然，还有其他保险公司拥有出色的商业模式和前景。然而，复制伯克希尔的运作几乎是不可能的。</blockquote></p><p>• Apple – our runner-up Giant as measured by its yearend market value – is a different sort of holding. Here, our ownership is a mere 5.55%, up from 5.39% a year earlier. That increase sounds like small potatoes. But consider that each 0.1% of Apple’s 2021 earnings amounted to $100 million. We spent no Berkshire funds to gain our accretion. Apple’s repurchases did the job.</p><p><blockquote>·苹果——以年终市值衡量，它是我们的第二大巨头——是一种不同的持股类型。在这里，我们的持股比例仅为5.55%，高于一年前的5.39%。这种增长听起来像是小事。但考虑到苹果2021年盈利的0.1%总计1亿美元。我们没有花费伯克希尔的资金来获得我们的增长。苹果的回购起到了作用。</blockquote></p><p>It’s important to understand that only dividends from Apple are counted in the GAAP earnings Berkshire reports – and last year, Apple paid us $785 million of those. Yet our “share” of Apple’s earnings amounted to a staggering $5.6 billion. Much of what the company retained was used to repurchase Apple shares, an act we applaud. Tim Cook, Apple’s brilliant CEO, quite properly regards users of Apple products as his first love, but all of his other constituencies benefit from Tim’s managerial touch as well.</p><p><blockquote>重要的是要明白，伯克希尔的GAAP收益报告中只有苹果的股息被计算在内——去年，苹果支付了其中的7.85亿美元。然而，我们在苹果收益中的“份额”达到了惊人的56亿美元。该公司保留的大部分资金用于回购苹果股票，我们对此表示赞赏。苹果杰出的首席执行官蒂姆·库克（Tim Cook）非常恰当地将苹果产品的用户视为他的初恋，但他的所有其他支持者也受益于蒂姆的管理风格。</blockquote></p><p>• BNSF, our third Giant, continues to be the number one artery of American commerce, which makes it an indispensable asset for America as well as for Berkshire. If the many essential products BNSF carries were instead hauled by truck, America’s carbon emissions would soar.</p><p><blockquote>•我们的第三大巨头BNSF仍然是美国商业的头号动脉，这使它成为美国和伯克希尔不可或缺的资产。如果BNSF运输的许多基本产品改为用卡车运输，美国的碳排放量将会飙升。</blockquote></p><p>Your railroad had record earnings of $6 billion in 2021. Here, it should be noted, we are talking about the old-fashioned sort of earnings that we favor: a figure calculated after interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and all forms of compensation. (Our definition suggests a warning: Deceptive “adjustments” to earnings – to use a polite description – have become both more frequent and more fanciful as stocks have risen. Speaking less politely, I would say that bull markets breed bloviated bull )</p><p><blockquote>你们的铁路在2021年的收入达到了创纪录的60亿美元。这里应该指出的是，我们谈论的是我们喜欢的老式收入：扣除利息、税收、折旧、摊销和所有形式的补偿后计算的数字。（我们的定义暗示了一个警告：随着股市上涨，欺骗性的盈利“调整”——用礼貌的描述——变得越来越频繁，也越来越异想天开。不那么礼貌地说，我会说牛市滋生了混乱的牛市）</blockquote></p><p>BNSF trains traveled 143 million miles last year and carried 535 million tons of cargo. Both accomplishments far exceed those of any other American carrier. You can be proud of your railroad.</p><p><blockquote>BNSF列车去年行驶了1.43亿英里，运载了5.35亿吨货物。这两项成就都远远超过了任何其他美国航空公司。你可以为你的铁路感到骄傲。</blockquote></p><p>• BHE, our final Giant, earned a record $4 billion in 2021. That’s up more than 30-fold from the $122 million earned in 2000, the year that Berkshire first purchased a BHE stake. Now, Berkshire owns 91.1% of the company.</p><p><blockquote>•我们最后的巨头BHE在2021年赚了创纪录的40亿美元。这比2000年（伯克希尔哈撒韦公司首次购买BHE股份的那一年）的1.22亿美元收入增长了30多倍。现在，伯克希尔拥有该公司91.1%的股份。</blockquote></p><p></p><p>BHE’s record of societal accomplishment is as remarkable as its financial performance. The company had no wind or solar generation in 2000. It was then regarded simply as a relatively new and minor participant in the huge electric utility industry. Subsequently, under David Sokol’s and Greg Abel’s leadership, BHE has become a utility powerhouse (no groaning, please) and a leading force in wind, solar and transmission throughout much of the United States.</p><p><blockquote>BHE的社会成就记录与其财务表现一样引人注目。该公司在2000年没有风能或太阳能发电。当时，它只是被视为庞大的电力行业中一个相对较新的次要参与者。随后，在David Sokol和Greg Abel的领导下，BHE已成为一家公用事业巨头（请不要呻吟）以及美国大部分地区风能、太阳能和输电领域的主导力量。</blockquote></p><p>Greg’s report on these accomplishments appears on pages A-3 and A-4. The profile you will find there is not in any way one of those currently-fashionable “green-washing” stories. BHE has been faithfully detailing its plans and performance in renewables and transmissions every year since 2007.</p><p><blockquote>格雷格关于这些成就的报告出现在A-3和A-4页。你会在那里找到的简介绝不是那些当前流行的“洗绿”故事。自2007年以来，BHE每年都忠实地详细介绍其在可再生能源和输电方面的计划和业绩。</blockquote></p><p>To further review this information, visit BHE’s website at brkenergy.com. There, you will see that the company has long been making climate-conscious moves that soak up all of its earnings. More opportunities lie ahead. BHE has the management, the experience, the capital and the appetite for the huge power projects that our country needs.</p><p><blockquote>要进一步查看这些信息，请访问BHE在brkenergy.com的网站。在那里，你会看到该公司长期以来一直在采取气候意识举措，吸收了其所有收益。更多的机会就在前方。BHE拥有我国所需的管理、经验、资金和巨大电力项目的胃口。</blockquote></p><p><h2>Investments</h2>Now let’s talk about companies we don’t control, a list that again references Apple. Below we list our fifteen largest equity holdings, several of which are selections of Berkshire’s two long-time investment managers, Todd Combs and Ted Weschler. At yearend, this valued pair had total authority in respect to $34 billion of investments, many of which do not meet the threshold value we use in the table. Also, a significant portion of the dollars that Todd and Ted manage are lodged in various pension plans of Berkshire-owned businesses, with the assets of these plans not included in this table.</p><p><blockquote><h2>投资</h2>现在让我们谈谈我们不控制的公司，这份名单再次提到了苹果。下面我们列出了我们持有的15只最大的股票，其中几只是伯克希尔的两位长期投资经理托德·库姆斯和特德·韦施勒的精选。截至年底，这对有价值的投资拥有340亿美元投资的总权限，其中许多投资不符合我们在表中使用的阈值。此外，托德和特德管理的很大一部分资金存入伯克希尔旗下企业的各种养老金计划，这些计划的资产不包括在本表中。</blockquote></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d43587e9f59c0ff76e6c04c6bf9af324\" tg-width=\"1047\" tg-height=\"530\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>* This is our actual purchase price and also our tax basis.</p><p><blockquote>*这是我们的实际购买价格，也是我们的计税基础。</blockquote></p><p>** Held by BHE; consequently, Berkshire shareholders have only a 91.1% interest in this position.</p><p><blockquote>**由BHE持有；因此，伯克希尔股东在该职位上仅拥有91.1%的权益。</blockquote></p><p>*** Includes a $10 billion investment in Occidental Petroleum, consisting of preferred stock and warrants to buy common stock, a combination now being valued at $10.7 billion.</p><p><blockquote>***包括对西方石油公司100亿美元的投资，包括优先股和购买普通股的认股权证，目前这一组合的价值为107亿美元。</blockquote></p><p>In addition to the footnoted Occidental holding and our various common-stock positions, Berkshire also owns a 26.6% interest in Kraft Heinz (accounted for on the “equity” method, not market value, and carried at $13.1 billion) and 38.6% of Pilot Corp., a leader in travel centers that had revenues last year of $45 billion.</p><p><blockquote>除了脚注中提到的Occidental holding和我们的各种普通股头寸之外，Berkshire还拥有卡夫亨氏26.6%的权益（按“权益”法核算，而不是市值，账面价值为131亿美元）和Pilot Corp.38.6%的权益，Pilot Corp.是旅游中心的领导者，去年的收入为450亿美元。</blockquote></p><p>Since we purchased our Pilot stake in 2017, this holding has warranted “equity” accounting treatment. Early in 2023, Berkshire will purchase an additional interest in Pilot that will raise our ownership to 80% and lead to our fully consolidating Pilot’s earnings, assets and liabilities in our financial statements.</p><p><blockquote>自从我们在2017年购买了我们的试点股份以来，这种持股已经保证了“权益”会计处理。2023年初，伯克希尔将购买Pilot的额外权益，这将使我们的所有权提高到80%，并使我们在财务报表中完全合并Pilot的收益、资产和负债。</blockquote></p><p><h2>U.S. Treasury Bills</h2>Berkshire’s balance sheet includes $144 billion of cash and cash equivalents (excluding the holdings of BNSF and BHE). Of this sum, $120 billion is held in U.S. Treasury bills, all maturing in less than a year. That stake leaves Berkshire financing about 12 of 1% of the publicly-held national debt.</p><p><blockquote><h2>美国国库券</h2>伯克希尔的资产负债表包括1440亿美元的现金和现金等价物（不包括持有的BNSF和BHE）。其中，1200亿美元是美国国库券，全部在不到一年的时间内到期。这些股份使伯克希尔哈撒韦公司为公共持有的国债的1%中的约12提供融资。</blockquote></p><p>Charlie and I have pledged that Berkshire (along with our subsidiaries other than BNSF and BHE) will always hold more than $30 billion of cash and equivalents. We want your company to be financially impregnable and never dependent on the kindness of strangers (or even that of friends). Both of us like to sleep soundly, and we want our creditors, insurance claimants and you to do so as well.</p><p><blockquote>查理和我承诺，伯克希尔（连同我们除BNSF和BHE之外的子公司）将始终持有超过300亿美元的现金和等价物。我们希望你的公司在财务上坚不可摧，永远不要依赖陌生人（甚至朋友）的善意。我们都喜欢睡得很香，我们希望我们的债权人、保险索赔人和你也这样做。</blockquote></p><p><h2>But $144 billion?</h2>That imposing sum, I assure you, is not some deranged expression of patriotism. Nor have Charlie and I lost our overwhelming preference for business ownership. Indeed, I first manifested my enthusiasm for that 80 years ago, on March 11, 1942, when I purchased three shares of Cities Services preferred stock. Their cost was $114.75 and required all of my savings. (The Dow Jones Industrial Average that day closed at 99, a fact that should scream to you: Never bet against America.)</p><p><blockquote><h2>但是1440亿美元？</h2>我向你保证，这笔巨额资金并不是某种疯狂的爱国主义表达。查理和我也没有失去对企业所有权的压倒性偏好。事实上，80年前的1942年3月11日，我第一次表现出了我对此的热情，当时我购买了三股城市服务公司的优先股。它们的成本是114.75美元，需要我所有的积蓄。（道琼斯工业平均指数当天收于99点，这个事实应该让你尖叫：永远不要做空美国。）</blockquote></p><p>After my initial plunge, I always kept at least 80% of my net worth in equities. My favored status throughout that period was 100% – and still is. Berkshire’s current 80%-or-so position in businesses is a consequence of my failure to find entire companies or small portions thereof (that is, marketable stocks) which meet our criteria for long- term holding.</p><p><blockquote>在我最初的暴跌之后，我总是将至少80%的净资产投资于股票。在那段时间里，我最喜欢的状态是100%——现在仍然如此。伯克希尔目前80%左右的企业头寸是我未能找到符合我们长期持有标准的整个公司或其中一小部分（即有价证券）的结果。</blockquote></p><p>Charlie and I have endured similar cash-heavy positions from time to time in the past. These periods are never pleasant; they are also never permanent. And, fortunately, we have had a mildly attractive alternative during 2020 and 2021 for deploying capital. Read on.</p><p><blockquote>查理和我过去也不时经历过类似的现金密集型头寸。这些时期从来都不愉快；它们也不是永久的。幸运的是，我们在2020年和2021年期间有一个稍微有吸引力的资本部署替代方案。继续读下去。</blockquote></p><p></p><p><h2>Share Repurchases</h2>There are three ways that we can increase the value of your investment. The first is always front and center in our minds: Increase the long-term earning power of Berkshire’s controlled businesses through internal growth or by making acquisitions. Today, internal opportunities deliver far better returns than acquisitions. The size of those opportunities, however, is small compared to Berkshire’s resources.</p><p><blockquote><h2>股份购回</h2>我们有三种方法可以增加您的投资价值。第一个始终是我们最关心的问题：通过内部增长或收购来提高伯克希尔控制业务的长期盈利能力。如今，内部机会比收购带来更好的回报。然而，与伯克希尔的资源相比，这些机会的规模很小。</blockquote></p><p>Our second choice is to buy non-controlling part-interests in the many good or great businesses that are publicly traded. From time to time, such possibilities are both numerous and blatantly attractive. Today, though, we find little that excites us.</p><p><blockquote>我们的第二个选择是购买许多公开交易的优秀或伟大企业的非控股部分权益。有时，这样的可能性既众多又极具吸引力。然而今天，我们很少发现让我们兴奋的东西。</blockquote></p><p>That’s largely because of a truism: Long-term interest rates that are low push the prices of all productive investments upward, whether these are stocks, apartments, farms, oil wells, whatever. Other factors influence valuations as well, but interest rates will always be important.</p><p><blockquote>这在很大程度上是因为一个不言而喻的事实：低长期利率会推高所有生产性投资的价格，无论是股票、公寓、农场、油井等等。其他因素也会影响估值，但利率始终很重要。</blockquote></p><p>Our final path to value creation is to repurchase Berkshire shares. Through that simple act, we increase your share of the many controlled and non-controlled businesses Berkshire owns. When the price/value equation is right, this path is the easiest and most certain way for us to increase your wealth. (Alongside the accretion of value to continuing shareholders, a couple of other parties gain: Repurchases are modestly beneficial to the seller of the repurchased shares and to society as well.)</p><p><blockquote>我们创造价值的最终途径是回购伯克希尔股票。通过这一简单的行为，我们增加了您在伯克希尔拥有的许多受控和非受控业务中的份额。当价格/价值等式正确时，这条路径是我们增加您财富的最简单、最确定的方式。（除了持续股东的价值增加之外，其他一些人也会受益：回购对回购股票的卖方和社会都有适度的好处。）</blockquote></p><p>Periodically, as alternative paths become unattractive, repurchases make good sense for Berkshire’s owners. During the past two years, we therefore repurchased 9% of the shares that were outstanding at yearend 2019 for a total cost of $51.7 billion. That expenditure left our continuing shareholders owning about 10% more of all Berkshire businesses, whether these are wholly-owned (such as BNSF and GEICO) or partly-owned (such as Coca-Cola and Moody’s).</p><p><blockquote>周期性地，随着替代路径变得没有吸引力，回购对伯克希尔的所有者来说是有意义的。因此，在过去两年中，我们回购了2019年底已发行股票的9%，总成本为517亿美元。这笔支出使我们的持续股东拥有伯克希尔所有业务约10%的股份，无论这些业务是全资拥有的（如BNSF和GEICO）还是部分拥有的（如可口可乐和穆迪）。</blockquote></p><p>I want to underscore that for Berkshire repurchases to make sense, our shares must offer appropriate value. We don’t want to overpay for the shares of other companies, and it would be value-destroying if we were to overpay when we are buying Berkshire. As of February 23, 2022, since yearend we repurchased additional shares at a cost of $1.2 billion. Our appetite remains large but will always remain price-dependent.</p><p><blockquote>我想强调的是，为了让伯克希尔的回购有意义，我们的股票必须提供适当的价值。我们不想为其他公司的股票支付过高的价格，如果我们在购买伯克希尔时支付过高的价格，那将是对价值的破坏。截至2022年2月23日，自年底以来，我们以12亿美元的成本回购了额外股票。我们的胃口仍然很大，但将始终取决于价格。</blockquote></p><p>It should be noted that Berkshire’s buyback opportunities are limited because of its high-class investor base. If our shares were heavily held by short-term speculators, both price volatility and transaction volumes would materially increase. That kind of reshaping would offer us far greater opportunities for creating value by making repurchases. Nevertheless, Charlie and I far prefer the owners we have, even though their admirable buy-and-keep attitudes limit the extent to which long-term shareholders can profit from opportunistic repurchases.</p><p><blockquote>需要注意的是，伯克希尔的回购机会有限，因为其投资者基础很高。倘我们的股份被短期投机者大量持有，价格波动及交易量将大幅增加。这种重塑将为我们提供更多通过回购创造价值的机会。然而，查理和我更喜欢我们现有的所有者，尽管他们令人钦佩的买入并持有态度限制了长期股东从机会主义回购中获利的程度。</blockquote></p><p>Finally, one easily-overlooked value calculation specific to Berkshire: As we’ve discussed, insurance “float” of the right sort is of great value to us. As it happens, repurchases automatically increase the amount of “float” per share. That figure has increased during the past two years by 25% – going from $79,387 per “A” share to $99,497, a meaningful gain that, as noted, owes some thanks to repurchases.</p><p><blockquote>最后，一个容易被忽视的伯克希尔特有的价值计算：正如我们已经讨论过的，正确类型的保险“浮动”对我们来说非常有价值。碰巧的是，回购会自动增加每股的“流通量”。这一数字在过去两年中增长了25%，从每股“A”股79,387美元增至99,497美元，如前所述，这一有意义的涨幅在一定程度上要归功于回购。</blockquote></p><p><h2>A Wonderful Man and a Wonderful Business</h2>Last year, Paul Andrews died. Paul was the founder and CEO of TTI, a Fort Worth-based subsidiary of Berkshire. Throughout his life – in both his business and his personal pursuits – Paul quietly displayed all the qualities that Charlie and I admire. His story should be told.</p><p><blockquote><h2>一个了不起的人和一个了不起的企业</h2>去年，保罗·安德鲁斯去世了。保罗是伯克希尔哈撒韦公司位于沃思堡的子公司TTI的创始人兼首席执行官。在他的一生中——在他的事业和个人追求中——保罗悄悄地展示了查理和我所钦佩的所有品质。他的故事应该被讲述。</blockquote></p><p>In 1971, Paul was working as a purchasing agent for General Dynamics when the roof fell in. After losing a huge defense contract, the company fired thousands of employees, including Paul.</p><p><blockquote>1971年，当屋顶倒塌时，保罗正在通用动力公司担任采购代理。在失去一份巨额国防合同后，该公司解雇了数千名员工，其中包括保罗。</blockquote></p><p>With his first child due soon, Paul decided to bet on himself, using $500 of his savings to found Tex-Tronics (later renamed TTI). The company set itself up to distribute small electronic components, and first-year sales totaled $112,000. Today, TTI markets more than one million different items with annual volume of $7.7 billion.</p><p><blockquote>随着他的第一个孩子即将出生，保罗决定把赌注押在自己身上，用他的500美元积蓄创办了Tex-Tronics（后来更名为TTI）。该公司致力于分销小型电子元件，第一年的销售额总计112,000美元。如今，创科实业销售超过100万种不同的产品，年销售额达77亿美元。</blockquote></p><p>But back to 2006: Paul, at 63, then found himself happy with his family, his job, and his associates. But he had one nagging worry, heightened because he had recently witnessed a friend’s early death and the disastrous results that followed for that man’s family and business. What, Paul asked himself in 2006, would happen to the many people depending on him if he should unexpectedly die?</p><p><blockquote>但回到2006年：63岁的保罗发现自己对家庭、工作和同事都很满意。但他有一个挥之不去的担忧，因为他最近目睹了一个朋友的早逝以及随之而来的对那个人的家庭和生意的灾难性后果，这种担忧加剧了。保罗在2006年问自己，如果他意外去世，许多依赖他的人会怎么样？</blockquote></p><p>For a year, Paul wrestled with his options. Sell to a competitor? From a strictly economic viewpoint, that course made the most sense. After all, competitors could envision lucrative “synergies” – savings that would be achieved as the acquiror slashed duplicated functions at TTI.</p><p><blockquote>一年来，保罗一直在纠结自己的选择。卖给竞争对手？从严格的经济角度来看，这个过程是最有意义的。毕竟，竞争对手可以设想利润丰厚的“协同效应”——随着收购方削减TTI的重复职能，将实现节省。</blockquote></p><p></p><p>But . . . Such a purchaser would most certainly also retain its CFO, its legal counsel, its HR unit. Their TTI counterparts would therefore be sent packing. And ugh! If a new distribution center were to be needed, the acquirer’s home city would certainly be favored over Fort Worth.</p><p><blockquote>但是...这样的购买者肯定还会保留其首席财务官、法律顾问和人力资源部门。因此，他们的TTI同行将被打包发送。还有啊！如果需要一个新的配送中心，收购方的家乡城市肯定会比沃思堡更受青睐。</blockquote></p><p>Whatever the financial benefits, Paul quickly concluded that selling to a competitor was not for him. He next considered seeking a financial buyer, a species once labeled – aptly so – a leveraged buyout firm. Paul knew, however, that such a purchaser would be focused on an “exit strategy.” And who could know what that would be? Brooding over it all, Paul found himself having no interest in handing his 35-year-old creation over to a reseller.</p><p><blockquote>不管经济利益如何，保罗很快得出结论，卖给竞争对手不适合他。接下来，他考虑寻找一家金融买家，这种买家曾经被恰当地称为杠杆收购公司。然而，保罗知道这样的买家会专注于“退出策略”。谁知道那会是什么？考虑到这一切，保罗发现自己没有兴趣将他35岁的创作交给经销商。</blockquote></p><p>When Paul met me, he explained why he had eliminated these two alternatives as buyers. He then summed up his dilemma by saying – in far more tactful phrasing than this – “After a year of pondering the alternatives, I want to sell to Berkshire because you are the only guy left.” So, I made an offer and Paul said “Yes.” One meeting; one lunch; one deal.</p><p><blockquote>当保罗见到我时，他解释了为什么他作为买家排除了这两种选择。然后，他用比这更委婉的措辞总结了自己的困境：“经过一年的思考，我想把它卖给伯克希尔，因为你是唯一剩下的人。”所以，我提出了一个提议，保罗答应了。一次会议；一顿午餐；一笔交易。</blockquote></p><p>To say we both lived happily ever after is an understatement. When Berkshire purchased TTI, the company employed 2,387. Now the number is 8,043. A large percentage of that growth took place in Fort Worth and environs. Earnings have increased 673%.</p><p><blockquote>说我们从此过上了幸福的生活是一种保守的说法。当伯克希尔收购TTI时，该公司拥有2,387名员工。现在这个数字是8043。其中很大一部分增长发生在沃思堡及周边地区。盈利增长了673%。</blockquote></p><p>Annually, I would call Paul and tell him his salary should be substantially increased. Annually, he would tell me, “We can talk about that next year, Warren; I’m too busy now.”</p><p><blockquote>每年，我都会给保罗发看涨期权，告诉他他的薪水应该大幅增加。每年，他都会告诉我，“我们可以明年再谈这个，沃伦，我现在太忙了。”</blockquote></p><p>When Greg Abel and I attended Paul’s memorial service, we met children, grandchildren, long-time associates (including TTI’s first employee) and John Roach, the former CEO of a Fort Worth company Berkshire had purchased in 2000. John had steered his friend Paul to Omaha, instinctively knowing we would be a match.</p><p><blockquote>当格雷格·阿贝尔和我参加保罗的追悼会时，我们见到了孩子、孙子、长期合作伙伴（包括创科实业的第一位员工）和约翰·罗奇，他是伯克希尔2000年收购的沃斯堡一家公司的前首席执行官。约翰带着他的朋友保罗去了奥马哈，本能地知道我们会是一对。</blockquote></p><p>At the service, Greg and I heard about the multitudes of people and organizations that Paul had silently supported. The breadth of his generosity was extraordinary – geared always to improving the lives of others, particularly those in Fort Worth.</p><p><blockquote>在仪式上，格雷格和我听说了保罗默默支持的许多人和组织。他的慷慨是非凡的——总是致力于改善他人的生活，尤其是那些在沃思堡的人。</blockquote></p><p>In all ways, Paul was a class act.</p><p><blockquote>从各方面来看，保罗都是一流的。</blockquote></p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p><blockquote>**</blockquote></p><p>Good luck – occasionally extraordinary luck – has played its part at Berkshire. If Paul and I had not enjoyed a mutual friend – John Roach – TTI would not have found its home with us. But that ample serving of luck was only the beginning. TTI was soon to lead Berkshire to its most important acquisition.</p><p><blockquote>好运——偶尔是非凡的运气——在伯克希尔发挥了作用。如果保罗和我没有一个共同的朋友——约翰·罗奇——TTI就不会在我们身边找到它的家。但是这种充足的运气仅仅是个开始。TTI很快就带领伯克希尔完成了其最重要的收购。</blockquote></p><p>Every fall, Berkshire directors gather for a presentation by a few of our executives. We sometimes choose the site based upon the location of a recent acquisition, by that means allowing directors to meet the new subsidiary’s CEO and learn more about the acquiree’s activities.</p><p><blockquote>每年秋天，伯克希尔的董事们都会聚集在一起，听取我们几位高管的演讲。我们有时会根据最近收购的地点来选择地点，这样可以让董事会见新子公司的首席执行官，并更多地了解被收购方的活动。</blockquote></p><p>In the fall of 2009, we consequently selected Fort Worth so that we could visit TTI. At that time, BNSF, which also had Fort Worth as its hometown, was the third-largest holding among our marketable equities. Despite that large stake, I had never visited the railroad’s headquarters.</p><p><blockquote>因此，在2009年秋天，我们选择了沃思堡，这样我们就可以参观TTI。当时，BNSF的家乡也是沃思堡，是我们有价证券中的第三大持股。尽管有这么大的股份，我从未去过铁路总部。</blockquote></p><p>Deb Bosanek, my assistant, scheduled our board’s opening dinner for October 22. Meanwhile, I arranged to arrive earlier that day to meet with Matt Rose, CEO of BNSF, whose accomplishments I had long admired. When I made the date, I had no idea that our get-together would coincide with BNSF’s third-quarter earnings report, which was released late on the 22nd.</p><p><blockquote>我的助手Deb Bosanek将我们董事会的开幕晚宴安排在10月22日。与此同时，我安排当天早些时候到达，会见BNSF首席执行官马特·罗斯，他的成就我长期以来一直钦佩。当我确定这个日期时，我不知道我们的聚会会恰逢BNSF于22日晚些时候发布的第三季度收益报告。</blockquote></p><p>The market reacted badly to the railroad’s results. The Great Recession was in full force in the third quarter, and BNSF’s earnings reflected that slump. The economic outlook was also bleak, and Wall Street wasn’t feeling friendly to railroads – or much else.</p><p><blockquote>市场对铁路公司的业绩反应不佳。大衰退在第三季度全面爆发，BNSF的盈利反映了这种下滑。经济前景也很黯淡，华尔街对铁路或其他许多行业都不太友好。</blockquote></p><p>On the following day, I again got together with Matt and suggested that Berkshire would offer the railroad a better long-term home than it could expect as a public company. I also told him the maximum price that Berkshire would pay.</p><p><blockquote>第二天，我再次和马特聚在一起，建议伯克希尔为铁路公司提供一个比上市公司更好的长期住所。我还告诉了他伯克希尔愿意支付的最高价格。</blockquote></p><p>Matt relayed the offer to his directors and advisors. Eleven busy days later, Berkshire and BNSF announced a firm deal. And here I’ll venture a rare prediction: BNSF will be a key asset for Berkshire and our country a century from now.</p><p><blockquote>马特向他的董事和顾问转达了这一提议。忙碌了11天后，伯克希尔和BNSF宣布了一项确定的交易。在这里，我大胆地做一个罕见的预测：一个世纪后，BNSF将成为伯克希尔和我们国家的关键资产。</blockquote></p><p>The BNSF acquisition would never have happened if Paul Andrews hadn’t sized up Berkshire as the right home for TTI.</p><p><blockquote>如果保罗·安德鲁斯(Paul Andrews)没有将伯克希尔视为TTI的合适住所，BNSF的收购永远不会发生。</blockquote></p><p><h2>Thanks</h2>I taught my first investing class 70 years ago. Since then, I have enjoyed working almost every year with students of all ages, finally “retiring” from that pursuit in 2018.</p><p><blockquote><h2>谢谢</h2>70年前，我教了我的第一堂投资课。从那以后，我几乎每年都喜欢和各个年龄段的学生一起工作，最终在2018年从这种追求中“退休”。</blockquote></p><p>Along the way, my toughest audience was my grandson’s fifth-grade class. The 11-year-olds were squirming in their seats and giving me blank stares until I mentioned Coca-Cola and its famous secret formula. Instantly, every hand went up, and I learned that “secrets” are catnip to kids.</p><p><blockquote>一路上，我最难对付的观众是我孙子五年级的班级。11岁的孩子们在座位上蠕动，茫然地看着我，直到我提到可口可乐和它著名的秘密配方。立刻，每个人都举起了手，我明白了“秘密”对孩子们来说是猫薄荷。</blockquote></p><p></p><p>Teaching, like writing, has helped me develop and clarify my own thoughts. Charlie calls this phenomenon the orangutan effect: If you sit down with an orangutan and carefully explain to it one of your cherished ideas, you may leave behind a puzzled primate, but will yourself exit thinking more clearly.</p><p><blockquote>教学和写作一样，帮助我发展和理清了自己的思想。查理·评级这种现象猩猩效应：如果你和一只猩猩坐下来，仔细地向它解释你珍视的一个想法，你可能会留下一只困惑的灵长类动物，但你自己会更清楚地思考吗？</blockquote></p><p>Talking to university students is far superior. I have urged that they seek employment in (1) the field and (2) with the kind of people they would select, if they had no need for money. Economic realities, I acknowledge, may interfere with that kind of search. Even so, I urge the students never to give up the quest, for when they find that sort of job, they will no longer be “working.”</p><p><blockquote>和大学生说话要优越得多。我敦促他们在（1）这个领域和（2）如果他们不需要钱，他们会选择的那种人那里找工作。我承认，经济现实可能会干扰这种搜索。即便如此，我敦促学生们永远不要放弃追求，因为当他们找到那种工作时，他们将不再是“工作”。</blockquote></p><p>Charlie and I, ourselves, followed that liberating course after a few early stumbles. We both started as part- timers at my grandfather’s grocery store, Charlie in 1940 and I in 1942. We were each assigned boring tasks and paid little, definitely not what we had in mind. Charlie later took up law, and I tried selling securities. Job satisfaction continued to elude us.</p><p><blockquote>查理和我，我们自己，在经历了一些早期的挫折后，走上了解放的道路。我们都是从我祖父的杂货店兼职开始的，查理是1940年，我是1942年。我们每个人都被分配了无聊的任务，报酬很低，绝对不是我们想要的。查理后来从事法律工作，我尝试出售证券。工作满意度继续困扰着我们。</blockquote></p><p>Finally, at Berkshire, we found what we love to do. With very few exceptions, we have now “worked” for many decades with people whom we like and trust. It’s a joy in life to join with managers such as Paul Andrews or the Berkshire families I told you about last year. In our home office, we employ decent and talented people – no jerks. Turnover averages, perhaps, one person per year.</p><p><blockquote>最后，在伯克希尔，我们找到了自己喜欢做的事情。除了极少数例外，我们现在已经和我们喜欢和信任的人“工作”了几十年。与保罗·安德鲁斯或我去年告诉过你的伯克希尔家族等经理人一起工作是生活中的一种乐趣。在我们的家庭办公室，我们雇佣体面和有才华的人——没有混蛋。平均离职人数可能是每年一人。</blockquote></p><p>I would like, however, to emphasize a further item that turns our jobs into fun and satisfaction working</p><p><blockquote>然而，我想强调另一个项目，它将我们的工作变成有趣和令人满意的工作</blockquote></p><p>for you. There is nothing more rewarding to Charlie and me than enjoying the trust of individual long-term shareholders who, for many decades, have joined us with the expectation that we would be a reliable custodian of their funds.</p><p><blockquote>为了你。对查理和我来说，没有什么比享受个人长期股东的信任更有意义的了，几十年来，他们加入我们的期望是我们将成为他们资金的可靠托管人。</blockquote></p><p>Obviously, we can’t select our owners, as we could do if our form of operation were a partnership. Anyone can buy shares of Berkshire today with the intention of soon reselling them. For sure, we get a few of that type of shareholder, just as we get index funds that own huge amounts of Berkshire simply because they are required to do so.</p><p><blockquote>显然，我们不能选择我们的所有者，如果我们的运营形式是合伙企业，我们可以这样做。任何人今天都可以购买伯克希尔的股票，并打算很快转售。当然，我们有一些此类股东，就像我们有指数基金持有大量伯克希尔哈撒韦公司股票一样，因为它们被要求这样做。</blockquote></p><p>To a truly unusual degree, however, Berkshire has as owners a very large corps of individuals and families that have elected to join us with an intent approaching “til death do us part.” Often, they have trusted us with a large – some might say excessive – portion of their savings.</p><p><blockquote>然而，在一个真正不寻常的程度上，伯克希尔拥有一大批个人和家庭作为所有者，他们选择加入我们，意图是“直到死亡将我们分开”。通常，他们把很大一部分——有些人可能会说是过多的——储蓄托付给我们。</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire, these shareholders would sometimes acknowledge, might be far from the best selection they could have made. But they would add that Berkshire would rank high among those with which they would be most comfortable. And people who are comfortable with their investments will, on average, achieve better results than those who are motivated by ever-changing headlines, chatter and promises.</p><p><blockquote>这些股东有时会承认，伯克希尔可能远不是他们所能做出的最佳选择。但他们会补充说，伯克希尔将在他们最满意的公司中排名靠前。平均而言，对自己的投资感到满意的人会比那些被不断变化的头条新闻、喋喋不休和承诺所激励的人取得更好的结果。</blockquote></p><p>Long-term individual owners are both the “partners” Charlie and I have always sought and the ones we constantly have in mind as we make decisions at Berkshire. To them we say, “It feels good to ‘work’ for you, and you have our thanks for your trust.”</p><p><blockquote>长期个人所有者既是查理和我一直在寻找的“合作伙伴”，也是我们在伯克希尔做决策时一直牢记的“合作伙伴”。我们对他们说：“为你们‘工作’的感觉真好，我们感谢你们的信任。”</blockquote></p><p><h2>The Annual Meeting</h2>Clear your calendar! Berkshire will have its annual gathering of capitalists in Omaha on Friday, April 29th through Sunday, May 1st. The details regarding the weekend are laid out on pages A-1 and A-2. Omaha eagerly awaits you, as do I.</p><p><blockquote><h2>年会</h2>清除您的日历！伯克希尔将于4月29日星期五至5月1日星期日在奥马哈举行年度资本家聚会。关于周末的细节列在A-1和A-2页。奥马哈急切地等待着你，我也是。</blockquote></p><p>I will end this letter with a sales pitch. “Cousin” Jimmy Buffett has designed a pontoon “party” boat that is now being manufactured by Forest River, a Berkshire subsidiary. The boat will be introduced on April 29 at our Berkshire Bazaar of Bargains. And, for two days only, shareholders will be able to purchase Jimmy’s masterpiece at a 10% discount. Your bargain-hunting chairman will be buying a boat for his family’s use. Join me.</p><p><blockquote>我将以推销来结束这封信。“表哥”吉米·巴菲特设计了一艘浮桥“派对”船，现在由伯克希尔旗下的森林河公司制造。这艘船将于4月29日在我们的伯克希尔便宜货市场推出。而且，仅在两天内，股东就可以以10%的折扣购买吉米的杰作。你的便宜货董事长会买一艘船给他的家人使用。加入我。</blockquote></p><p>February 26, 2022</p><p><blockquote>2022年2月26日</blockquote></p><p>Warren E. Buffett Chairman of the Board</p><p><blockquote>沃伦·E·巴菲特董事会主席</blockquote></p><p></body></html></p><p><blockquote></blockquote></p><p></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Buffett Full Annual Letter：Apple is One of ‘Four Giants’ Driving the Conglomerate’s Value<blockquote>巴菲特完整年度信：苹果是推动巴菲特价值的“四大巨头”之一</blockquote></title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nBuffett Full Annual Letter：Apple is One of ‘Four Giants’ Driving the Conglomerate’s Value<blockquote>巴菲特完整年度信：苹果是推动巴菲特价值的“四大巨头”之一</blockquote>\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/1079075236\">\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">Tiger Newspress </p>\n<p class=\"h-time smaller\">2022-02-27 09:48</p>\n</div>\n</a>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p><html><head></head><body>Warren Buffett released his annual letter to Berkshire Hathaway shareholders on Saturday. The 91-year-old investing legend has been publishing the letter for over six decades and it has become required reading for investors around the world.</p><p><blockquote><html><head></head><body>沃伦·巴菲特周六发布了致伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司股东的年度信。这位91岁的投资传奇人物已经出版这封信60多年了，它已成为世界各地投资者的必读书目。</body></html></blockquote></p><p>Warren Buffett said he now considers tech giant Apple as one of the four pillars driving Berkshire Hathaway, the conglomerate of mostly old-economy businesses he’s assembled over the last five decades.</p><p><blockquote>沃伦·巴菲特表示，他现在认为科技巨头苹果是推动伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司的四大支柱之一，伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司是沃伦·巴菲特在过去50年里组建的主要由旧经济企业组成的企业集团。</blockquote></p><p>In his annual letter to shareholders released on Saturday, the 91-year-old investing legend listed Apple under the heading “Our Four Giants” and even called the company the second-most important after Berkshire’s cluster of insurers, thanks to its chief executive.</p><p><blockquote>在周六发布的致股东的年度信中，这位91岁的投资传奇人物将苹果列为“我们的四大巨头”，甚至称该公司是仅次于伯克希尔保险集团的第二大保险公司，这要归功于伯克希尔的首席执行官。</blockquote></p><p>“Tim Cook, Apple’s brilliant CEO, quite properly regards users of Apple products as his first love, but all of his other constituencies benefit from Tim’s managerial touch as well,” the letter stated.</p><p><blockquote>信中写道：“苹果才华横溢的首席执行官蒂姆·库克非常恰当地将苹果产品的用户视为他的初恋，但他的所有其他支持者也受益于蒂姆的管理风格。”</blockquote></p><p>Buffett made clear he is a fan of Cook’s stock repurchase strategy, and how it gives the conglomerate increased ownership of each dollar of the iPhone maker’s earnings without the investor having to lift a finger.</p><p><blockquote>巴菲特明确表示，他是库克股票回购策略的粉丝，以及该策略如何让该集团增加对这家iPhone制造商每一美元收益的所有权，而投资者无需动一根手指。</blockquote></p><p>“Apple – our runner-up Giant as measured by its yearend market value – is a different sort of holding. Here, our ownership is a mere 5.55%, up from 5.39% a year earlier,” Buffett said in the letter. “That increase sounds like small potatoes. But consider that each 0.1% of Apple’s 2021 earnings amounted to $100 million. We spent no Berkshire funds to gain our accretion. Apple’s repurchases did the job.”</p><p><blockquote>巴菲特在信中表示：“以年终市值衡量，苹果是我们的第二大巨头。在这里，我们的持股比例仅为5.55%，高于一年前的5.39%。”“这一增长听起来像是小巫见大巫。但考虑到苹果2021年盈利的0.1%相当于1亿美元。我们没有花费伯克希尔的资金来获得增长。苹果的回购完成了这项工作。”</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire began buying Apple stock in 2016 under the influence of Buffett’s investing deputies Todd Combs and Ted Weschler. By mid-2018, the conglomerate accumulated 5% ownership of the iPhone maker, a stake that cost $36 billion. Today, the Apple investment is now worth more than $160 billion, taking up 40% of Berkshire’s equity portfolio.</p><p><blockquote>在巴菲特投资副手Todd Combs和Ted Weschler的影响下，Berkshire于2016年开始买入苹果股票。到2018年中期，该集团积累了这家iPhone制造商5%的股份，价值360亿美元。如今，苹果的投资价值超过1600亿美元，占伯克希尔股票投资组合的40%。</blockquote></p><p>“It’s important to understand that only dividends from Apple are counted in the GAAP earnings Berkshire reports – and last year, Apple paid us $785 million of those. Yet our ‘share’ of Apple’s earnings amounted to a staggering $5.6 billion. Much of what the company retained was used to repurchase Apple shares, an act we applaud,” Buffett said.</p><p><blockquote>“重要的是要明白，伯克希尔的GAAP收益报告中只有苹果的股息被计算在内——去年，苹果支付了其中的7.85亿美元。然而，我们在苹果收益中的‘份额’达到了惊人的56亿美元。公司保留的大部分资金用于回购苹果股票，我们对此表示赞赏。”</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire is Apple’s largest shareholder, outside of index and exchange-traded fund providers.</p><p><blockquote>除了指数和交易所交易基金提供商之外，Berkshire是苹果最大的股东。</blockquote></p><p>Buffett also credited his railroad business BNSF and energy segment BHE as two other giants of the conglomerate, which both registered record earnings in 2021.</p><p><blockquote>巴菲特还将他的铁路业务BNSF和能源部门BHE视为该集团的另外两家巨头，这两家公司在2021年的盈利均创历史新高。</blockquote></p><p>“BNSF, our third Giant, continues to be the number one artery of American commerce, which makes it an indispensable asset for America as well as for Berkshire,” Buffett said. “BHE has become a utility powerhouse and a leading force in wind, solar and transmission throughout much of the United States.”</p><p><blockquote>巴菲特表示：“我们的第三大巨头BNSF仍然是美国商业的第一大动脉，这使其成为美国和伯克希尔不可或缺的资产。”“BHE已成为美国大部分地区的公用事业巨头以及风能、太阳能和输电领域的主导力量。”</blockquote></p><p><b>Read the full letter here：</b></p><p><blockquote><b>在这里阅读完整的信：</b></blockquote></p><p>To the Shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.:</p><p><blockquote>致伯克希尔哈撒韦公司股东：</blockquote></p><p>Charlie Munger, my long-time partner, and I have the job of managing a portion of your savings. We are honored by your trust.</p><p><blockquote>我的长期合伙人查理·芒格和我的工作是管理你的一部分储蓄。我们很荣幸得到你的信任。</blockquote></p><p>Our position carries with it the responsibility to report to you what we would like to know if we were the absentee owner and you were the manager. We enjoy communicating directly with you through this annual letter, and through the annual meeting as well.</p><p><blockquote>如果我们是缺席的所有者，而您是经理，我们的职位有责任向您报告我们想知道的信息。我们喜欢通过这封年度信函和年会直接与您交流。</blockquote></p><p>Our policy is to treat all shareholders equally. Therefore, we do not hold discussions with analysts nor large institutions. Whenever possible, also, we release important communications on Saturday mornings in order to maximize the time for shareholders and the media to absorb the news before markets open on Monday.</p><p><blockquote>我们的政策是平等对待所有股东。因此，我们不与分析师或大型机构进行讨论。此外，只要有可能，我们会在周六上午发布重要信息，以便最大限度地让股东和媒体在周一开市前有时间了解新闻。</blockquote></p><p>A wealth of Berkshire facts and figures are set forth in the annual 10-K that the company regularly files with the S.E.C. and that we reproduce on pages K-1 – K-119. Some shareholders will find this detail engrossing; others will simply prefer to learn what Charlie and I believe is new or interesting at Berkshire.</p><p><blockquote>伯克希尔定期向美国证券交易委员会提交的年度10-K报告中列出了大量事实和数据。我们在K-1-K-119页复制了这一点。一些股东会发现这个细节引人入胜；其他人则更愿意了解查理和我认为伯克希尔的新事物或有趣之处。</blockquote></p><p>Alas, there was little action of that sort in 2021. We did, though, make reasonable progress in increasing the intrinsic value of your shares. That task has been my primary duty for 57 years. And it will continue to be.</p><p><blockquote>唉，2021年几乎没有这样的行动。不过，我们在增加您股票的内在价值方面确实取得了合理的进展。57年来，这项任务一直是我的主要职责。并将继续如此。</blockquote></p><p><b>What You Own</b></p><p><blockquote><b>你拥有什么</b></blockquote></p><p>Berkshire owns a wide variety of businesses, some in their entirety, some only in part. The second group largely consists of marketable common stocks of major American companies. Additionally, we own a few non-U.S. equities and participate in several joint ventures or other collaborative activities.</p><p><blockquote>伯克希尔拥有各种各样的业务，有些是全部，有些只是部分。第二组主要由美国大公司的有价证券普通股组成。此外，我们拥有一些非美国股票，并参与多家合资企业或其他合作活动。</blockquote></p><p>Whatever our form of ownership, our goal is to have meaningful investments in businesses with both durable economic advantages and a first-class CEO. Please note particularly that we own stocks based upon our expectations about their long-term business performance and not because we view them as vehicles for timely market moves. That point is crucial: Charlie and I are not stock-pickers; we are business-pickers.</p><p><blockquote>无论我们的所有权形式如何，我们的目标都是对既有持久经济优势又有一流首席执行官的企业进行有意义的投资。请特别注意，我们持有股票是基于我们对其长期业务表现的预期，而不是因为我们将它们视为及时市场波动的工具。这一点至关重要：查理和我不是选股者；我们是挑选生意的人。</blockquote></p><p></p><p>I make many mistakes. Consequently, our extensive collection of businesses includes some enterprises that have truly extraordinary economics, many others that enjoy good economic characteristics, and a few that are marginal. One advantage of our common-stock segment is that – on occasion – it becomes easy to buy pieces of wonderful businesses at wonderful prices. That shooting-fish-in-a-barrel experience is very rare in negotiated transactions and never occurs en masse. It is also far easier to exit from a mistake when it has been made in the marketable arena.</p><p><blockquote>我犯了很多错误。因此，我们广泛收集的企业包括一些具有真正非凡经济效益的企业，许多其他享有良好经济特征的企业，以及少数边缘企业。我们普通股部门的一个优势是——有时——以优惠的价格购买精彩的业务变得很容易。这种在谈判交易中射鱼的经历非常罕见，而且永远不会集体发生。当错误发生在市场舞台上时，从错误中退出也要容易得多。</blockquote></p><p><h2><b>Surprise, Surprise</b></h2>Here are a few items about your company that often surprise even seasoned investors:</p><p><blockquote><h2><b>惊喜，惊喜</b></h2>以下是有关贵公司的一些事项，即使是经验丰富的投资者也常常感到惊讶：</blockquote></p><p>• Many people perceive Berkshire as a large and somewhat strange collection of financial assets. In truth, Berkshire owns and operates more U.S.-based “infrastructure” assets – classified on our balance sheet as property, plant and equipment – than are owned and operated by any other American corporation. That supremacy has never been our goal. It has, however, become a fact.</p><p><blockquote>•许多人认为伯克希尔是一个庞大而有些奇怪的金融资产集合体。事实上，伯克希尔拥有和经营的美国“基础设施”资产（在我们的资产负债表上归类为财产、厂房和设备）比任何其他美国公司拥有和经营的都多。这种霸权从来都不是我们的目标。然而，这已经成为事实。</blockquote></p><p>At yearend, those domestic infrastructure assets were carried on Berkshire’s balance sheet at $158 billion. That number increased last year and will continue to increase. Berkshire always will be building.</p><p><blockquote>截至年底，这些国内基础设施资产在伯克希尔资产负债表上的价值为1580亿美元。这一数字去年有所增加，并将继续增加。伯克希尔将永远在建设。</blockquote></p><p>• Every year, your company makes substantial federal income tax payments. In 2021, for example, we paid</p><p><blockquote>•您的公司每年都要缴纳大量的联邦所得税。例如，在2021年，我们支付了</blockquote></p><p>$3.3 billion while the U.S. Treasury reported total corporate income-tax receipts of $402 billion. Additionally, Berkshire pays substantial state and foreign taxes. “I gave at the office” is an unassailable assertion when made by Berkshire shareholders.</p><p><blockquote>33亿美元，而美国财政部报告的企业所得税总收入为4020亿美元。此外，伯克希尔还要缴纳大量的州税和外国税。“我在办公室给了”是伯克希尔股东不容置疑的断言。</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire’s history vividly illustrates the invisible and often unrecognized financial partnership between  government and American businesses. Our tale begins early in 1955, when Berkshire Fine Spinning and Hathaway Manufacturing agreed to merge their businesses. In their requests for shareholder approval, these venerable New England textile companies expressed high hopes for the combination.</p><p><blockquote>伯克希尔的历史生动地说明了政府和美国企业之间看不见的、往往不被认可的金融伙伴关系。我们的故事始于1955年初，当时伯克希尔精细纺纱公司和哈撒韦制造公司同意合并他们的业务。在请求股东批准的请求中，这些历史悠久的新英格兰纺织公司对合并寄予厚望。</blockquote></p><p>The Hathaway solicitation, for example, assured its shareholders that “The combination of the resources and managements will result in one of the strongest and most efficient organizations in the textile industry.” That upbeat view was endorsed by the company’s advisor, Lehman Brothers (yes, that Lehman Brothers).</p><p><blockquote>例如，哈撒韦公司的招标向其股东保证，“资源和管理的结合将产生纺织行业最强大、最高效的组织之一。”这种乐观的观点得到了该公司顾问雷曼兄弟（是的，就是雷曼兄弟）的认可。</blockquote></p><p>I’m sure it was a joyous day in both Fall River (Berkshire) and New Bedford (Hathaway) when the union was consummated. After the bands stopped playing and the bankers went home, however, the shareholders reaped a disaster.</p><p><blockquote>我敢肯定，当联盟完成时，福尔里弗（伯克郡）和新贝德福德（哈撒韦）都是欢乐的一天。然而，在乐队停止演奏、银行家们回家后，股东们却收获了一场灾难。</blockquote></p><p>In the nine years following the merger, Berkshire’s owners watched the company’s net worth crater from</p><p><blockquote>在合并后的九年里，伯克希尔的所有者眼睁睁地看着公司的净资产从</blockquote></p><p>$51.4 million to $22.1 million. In part, this decline was caused by stock repurchases, ill-advised dividends and plant shutdowns. But nine years of effort by many thousands of employees delivered an operating loss as well. Berkshire’s struggles were not unusual: The New England textile industry had silently entered an extended and non-reversible death march.</p><p><blockquote>5140万美元至2210万美元。这种下降在一定程度上是由股票回购、不明智的股息和工厂关闭造成的。但数千名员工九年的努力也带来了运营亏损。伯克希尔的挣扎并不罕见：新英格兰纺织业已经悄然进入了漫长且不可逆转的死亡行军。</blockquote></p><p>During the nine post-merger years, the U.S. Treasury suffered as well from Berkshire’s troubles. All told, the company paid the government only $337,359 in income tax during that period – a pathetic $100 per day.</p><p><blockquote>在合并后的九年里，美国财政部也遭受了伯克希尔的麻烦。在此期间，该公司总共只向政府缴纳了337,359美元的所得税——每天只有可怜的100美元。</blockquote></p><p>Early in 1965, things changed. Berkshire installed new management that redeployed available cash and steered essentially all earnings into a variety of good businesses, most of which remained good through the years. Coupling reinvestment of earnings with the power of compounding worked its magic, and shareholders prospered.</p><p><blockquote>1965年初，情况发生了变化。伯克希尔任命了新的管理层，重新部署了可用现金，并将基本上所有收益转移到各种良好的业务中，其中大多数业务多年来一直保持良好状态。将收益再投资与复利的力量结合起来发挥了它的魔力，股东们也因此繁荣起来。</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire’s owners, it should be noted, were not the only beneficiary of that course correction. Their “silent partner,” the U.S. Treasury, proceeded to collect many tens of billions of dollars from the company in income tax payments. Remember the $100 daily? Now, Berkshire pays roughly $9 million daily to the Treasury.</p><p><blockquote>应该指出的是，伯克希尔的所有者并不是这一路线调整的唯一受益者。他们的“沉默伙伴”，美国财政部，继续从该公司收取数百亿美元的所得税。还记得每天100美元吗？现在，伯克希尔每天向财政部支付大约900万美元。</blockquote></p><p>In fairness to our governmental partner, our shareholders should acknowledge – indeed trumpet – the fact that Berkshire’s prosperity has been fostered mightily because the company has operated in America. Our country would have done splendidly in the years since 1965 without Berkshire. Absent our American home, however, Berkshire would never have come close to becoming what it is today. When you see the flag, say thanks.</p><p><blockquote>为我们的政府合作伙伴说句公道话，我们的股东应该承认——事实上是鼓吹——这样一个事实：伯克希尔的繁荣得到了极大的促进，因为该公司在美国运营。如果没有伯克希尔，我们的国家在1965年以来的几年里会做得非常出色。然而，如果没有我们的美国家园，伯克希尔永远不会成为今天的样子。当你看到旗子时，说声谢谢。</blockquote></p><p>• From an $8.6 million purchase of National Indemnity in 1967, Berkshire has become the world leader in insurance “float” – money we hold and can invest but that does not belong to us. Including a relatively small sum derived from life insurance, Berkshire’s total float has grown from $19 million when we entered the insurance business to $147 billion.</p><p><blockquote>1967年，伯克希尔斥资860万美元收购了美国国家赔偿公司（National Indemnity），如今已成为保险“浮动”（float）领域的全球领导者——我们持有并可以投资但不属于我们的资金。包括来自人寿保险的相对较小的金额在内，伯克希尔的总流通量已从我们进入保险业务时的1900万美元增长到1470亿美元。</blockquote></p><p>So far, this float has cost us less than nothing. Though we have experienced a number of years when insurance losses combined with operating expenses exceeded premiums, overall we have earned a modest 55-year profit from the underwriting activities that generated our float.</p><p><blockquote>到目前为止，这辆彩车让我们付出了不到一分钱的代价。尽管我们经历了多年保险损失加上运营费用超过保费的情况，但总体而言，我们从产生流通量的承保活动中获得了55年的适度利润。</blockquote></p><p></p><p>Of equal importance, float is very sticky. Funds attributable to our insurance operations come and go daily, but their aggregate total is immune from precipitous decline. When it comes to investing float, we can therefore think long-term.</p><p><blockquote>同样重要的是，浮子非常粘。归属于我们保险业务的资金每天来来去去，但其总额不会急剧下降。因此，在投资流通量时，我们可以从长计议。</blockquote></p><p>If you are not already familiar with the concept of float, I refer you to a long explanation on page A-5. To my surprise, our float increased $9 billion last year, a buildup of value that is important to Berkshire owners though is not reflected in our GAAP (“generally-accepted accounting principles”) presentation of earnings and net worth.</p><p><blockquote>如果你还不熟悉浮点的概念，我建议你参考A-5页的长篇解释。令我惊讶的是，我们的流通量去年增加了90亿美元，这一价值的积累对伯克希尔所有者来说很重要，但并未反映在我们的GAAP（“公认会计原则”）收益和净值列报中。</blockquote></p><p>Much of our huge value creation in insurance is attributable to Berkshire’s good luck in my 1986 hiring of Ajit Jain. We first met on a Saturday morning, and I quickly asked Ajit what his insurance experience had been. He replied, “None.”</p><p><blockquote>我们在保险业创造的巨大价值很大程度上要归功于伯克希尔的好运，我在1986年聘请了阿吉特·贾恩。我们第一次见面是在一个周六的早上，我很快问阿吉特他的保险经历是什么。他回答说：“没有。”</blockquote></p><p>I said, “Nobody’s perfect,” and hired him. That was my lucky day: Ajit actually was as perfect a choice as could have been made. Better yet, he continues to be – 35 years later.</p><p><blockquote>我说，“人无完人”，就雇了他。那是我的幸运日：阿吉特实际上是一个完美的选择。更好的是，35年后，他仍然是。</blockquote></p><p>One final thought about insurance: I believe that it is likely – but far from assured – that Berkshire’s float can be maintained without our incurring a long-term underwriting loss. I am certain, however, that there will be some years when we experience such losses, perhaps involving very large sums.</p><p><blockquote>关于保险的最后一个想法：我相信伯克希尔哈撒韦公司的流通股很可能——但远不能确定——能够在不遭受长期承保损失的情况下维持下去。然而，我确信，我们将在未来几年经历这种损失，可能涉及非常大的金额。</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire is constructed to handle catastrophic events as no other insurer – and that priority will remain long after Charlie and I are gone.</p><p><blockquote>伯克希尔在处理灾难性事件方面的能力与其他保险公司不同——在查理和我离开后很长一段时间内，这一优先事项仍将继续存在。</blockquote></p><p><h2>Our Four Giants</h2>Through Berkshire, our shareholders own many dozens of businesses. Some of these, in turn, have a collection of subsidiaries of their own. For example, Marmon has more than 100 individual business operations, ranging from the leasing of railroad cars to the manufacture of medical devices.</p><p><blockquote><h2>我们的四大巨头</h2>通过伯克希尔，我们的股东拥有数十家企业。反过来，其中一些又有自己的子公司。例如，Marmon拥有100多项个体业务，从铁路车辆租赁到医疗设备制造。</blockquote></p><p>• Nevertheless, operations of our “Big Four” companies account for a very large chunk of Berkshire’s value. Leading this list is our cluster of insurers. Berkshire effectively owns 100% of this group, whose massive float value we earlier described. The invested assets of these insurers are further enlarged by the extraordinary amount of capital we invest to back up their promises.</p><p><blockquote>·尽管如此，我们的“四大”公司的运营在伯克希尔的价值中占了非常大的一块。领先的是我们的保险公司集群。伯克希尔实际上拥有该集团100%的股份，其巨大的流通价值我们之前描述过。我们为支持这些保险公司的承诺而投入的大量资本进一步扩大了这些保险公司的投资资产。</blockquote></p><p>The insurance business is made to order for Berkshire. The product will never be obsolete, and sales volume will generally increase along with both economic growth and inflation. Also, integrity and capital will forever be important. Our company can and will behave well.</p><p><blockquote>保险业务是为伯克希尔定制的。该产品永远不会过时，销量通常会随着经济增长和通货膨胀而增加。此外，诚信和资本永远很重要。我们公司能够也将会表现良好。</blockquote></p><p>There are, of course, other insurers with excellent business models and prospects. Replication of Berkshire’s operation, however, would be almost impossible.</p><p><blockquote>当然，还有其他保险公司拥有出色的商业模式和前景。然而，复制伯克希尔的运作几乎是不可能的。</blockquote></p><p>• Apple – our runner-up Giant as measured by its yearend market value – is a different sort of holding. Here, our ownership is a mere 5.55%, up from 5.39% a year earlier. That increase sounds like small potatoes. But consider that each 0.1% of Apple’s 2021 earnings amounted to $100 million. We spent no Berkshire funds to gain our accretion. Apple’s repurchases did the job.</p><p><blockquote>·苹果——以年终市值衡量，它是我们的第二大巨头——是一种不同的持股类型。在这里，我们的持股比例仅为5.55%，高于一年前的5.39%。这种增长听起来像是小事。但考虑到苹果2021年盈利的0.1%总计1亿美元。我们没有花费伯克希尔的资金来获得我们的增长。苹果的回购起到了作用。</blockquote></p><p>It’s important to understand that only dividends from Apple are counted in the GAAP earnings Berkshire reports – and last year, Apple paid us $785 million of those. Yet our “share” of Apple’s earnings amounted to a staggering $5.6 billion. Much of what the company retained was used to repurchase Apple shares, an act we applaud. Tim Cook, Apple’s brilliant CEO, quite properly regards users of Apple products as his first love, but all of his other constituencies benefit from Tim’s managerial touch as well.</p><p><blockquote>重要的是要明白，伯克希尔的GAAP收益报告中只有苹果的股息被计算在内——去年，苹果支付了其中的7.85亿美元。然而，我们在苹果收益中的“份额”达到了惊人的56亿美元。该公司保留的大部分资金用于回购苹果股票，我们对此表示赞赏。苹果杰出的首席执行官蒂姆·库克（Tim Cook）非常恰当地将苹果产品的用户视为他的初恋，但他的所有其他支持者也受益于蒂姆的管理风格。</blockquote></p><p>• BNSF, our third Giant, continues to be the number one artery of American commerce, which makes it an indispensable asset for America as well as for Berkshire. If the many essential products BNSF carries were instead hauled by truck, America’s carbon emissions would soar.</p><p><blockquote>•我们的第三大巨头BNSF仍然是美国商业的头号动脉，这使它成为美国和伯克希尔不可或缺的资产。如果BNSF运输的许多基本产品改为用卡车运输，美国的碳排放量将会飙升。</blockquote></p><p>Your railroad had record earnings of $6 billion in 2021. Here, it should be noted, we are talking about the old-fashioned sort of earnings that we favor: a figure calculated after interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and all forms of compensation. (Our definition suggests a warning: Deceptive “adjustments” to earnings – to use a polite description – have become both more frequent and more fanciful as stocks have risen. Speaking less politely, I would say that bull markets breed bloviated bull )</p><p><blockquote>你们的铁路在2021年的收入达到了创纪录的60亿美元。这里应该指出的是，我们谈论的是我们喜欢的老式收入：扣除利息、税收、折旧、摊销和所有形式的补偿后计算的数字。（我们的定义暗示了一个警告：随着股市上涨，欺骗性的盈利“调整”——用礼貌的描述——变得越来越频繁，也越来越异想天开。不那么礼貌地说，我会说牛市滋生了混乱的牛市）</blockquote></p><p>BNSF trains traveled 143 million miles last year and carried 535 million tons of cargo. Both accomplishments far exceed those of any other American carrier. You can be proud of your railroad.</p><p><blockquote>BNSF列车去年行驶了1.43亿英里，运载了5.35亿吨货物。这两项成就都远远超过了任何其他美国航空公司。你可以为你的铁路感到骄傲。</blockquote></p><p>• BHE, our final Giant, earned a record $4 billion in 2021. That’s up more than 30-fold from the $122 million earned in 2000, the year that Berkshire first purchased a BHE stake. Now, Berkshire owns 91.1% of the company.</p><p><blockquote>•我们最后的巨头BHE在2021年赚了创纪录的40亿美元。这比2000年（伯克希尔哈撒韦公司首次购买BHE股份的那一年）的1.22亿美元收入增长了30多倍。现在，伯克希尔拥有该公司91.1%的股份。</blockquote></p><p></p><p>BHE’s record of societal accomplishment is as remarkable as its financial performance. The company had no wind or solar generation in 2000. It was then regarded simply as a relatively new and minor participant in the huge electric utility industry. Subsequently, under David Sokol’s and Greg Abel’s leadership, BHE has become a utility powerhouse (no groaning, please) and a leading force in wind, solar and transmission throughout much of the United States.</p><p><blockquote>BHE的社会成就记录与其财务表现一样引人注目。该公司在2000年没有风能或太阳能发电。当时，它只是被视为庞大的电力行业中一个相对较新的次要参与者。随后，在David Sokol和Greg Abel的领导下，BHE已成为一家公用事业巨头（请不要呻吟）以及美国大部分地区风能、太阳能和输电领域的主导力量。</blockquote></p><p>Greg’s report on these accomplishments appears on pages A-3 and A-4. The profile you will find there is not in any way one of those currently-fashionable “green-washing” stories. BHE has been faithfully detailing its plans and performance in renewables and transmissions every year since 2007.</p><p><blockquote>格雷格关于这些成就的报告出现在A-3和A-4页。你会在那里找到的简介绝不是那些当前流行的“洗绿”故事。自2007年以来，BHE每年都忠实地详细介绍其在可再生能源和输电方面的计划和业绩。</blockquote></p><p>To further review this information, visit BHE’s website at brkenergy.com. There, you will see that the company has long been making climate-conscious moves that soak up all of its earnings. More opportunities lie ahead. BHE has the management, the experience, the capital and the appetite for the huge power projects that our country needs.</p><p><blockquote>要进一步查看这些信息，请访问BHE在brkenergy.com的网站。在那里，你会看到该公司长期以来一直在采取气候意识举措，吸收了其所有收益。更多的机会就在前方。BHE拥有我国所需的管理、经验、资金和巨大电力项目的胃口。</blockquote></p><p><h2>Investments</h2>Now let’s talk about companies we don’t control, a list that again references Apple. Below we list our fifteen largest equity holdings, several of which are selections of Berkshire’s two long-time investment managers, Todd Combs and Ted Weschler. At yearend, this valued pair had total authority in respect to $34 billion of investments, many of which do not meet the threshold value we use in the table. Also, a significant portion of the dollars that Todd and Ted manage are lodged in various pension plans of Berkshire-owned businesses, with the assets of these plans not included in this table.</p><p><blockquote><h2>投资</h2>现在让我们谈谈我们不控制的公司，这份名单再次提到了苹果。下面我们列出了我们持有的15只最大的股票，其中几只是伯克希尔的两位长期投资经理托德·库姆斯和特德·韦施勒的精选。截至年底，这对有价值的投资拥有340亿美元投资的总权限，其中许多投资不符合我们在表中使用的阈值。此外，托德和特德管理的很大一部分资金存入伯克希尔旗下企业的各种养老金计划，这些计划的资产不包括在本表中。</blockquote></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/d43587e9f59c0ff76e6c04c6bf9af324\" tg-width=\"1047\" tg-height=\"530\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>* This is our actual purchase price and also our tax basis.</p><p><blockquote>*这是我们的实际购买价格，也是我们的计税基础。</blockquote></p><p>** Held by BHE; consequently, Berkshire shareholders have only a 91.1% interest in this position.</p><p><blockquote>**由BHE持有；因此，伯克希尔股东在该职位上仅拥有91.1%的权益。</blockquote></p><p>*** Includes a $10 billion investment in Occidental Petroleum, consisting of preferred stock and warrants to buy common stock, a combination now being valued at $10.7 billion.</p><p><blockquote>***包括对西方石油公司100亿美元的投资，包括优先股和购买普通股的认股权证，目前这一组合的价值为107亿美元。</blockquote></p><p>In addition to the footnoted Occidental holding and our various common-stock positions, Berkshire also owns a 26.6% interest in Kraft Heinz (accounted for on the “equity” method, not market value, and carried at $13.1 billion) and 38.6% of Pilot Corp., a leader in travel centers that had revenues last year of $45 billion.</p><p><blockquote>除了脚注中提到的Occidental holding和我们的各种普通股头寸之外，Berkshire还拥有卡夫亨氏26.6%的权益（按“权益”法核算，而不是市值，账面价值为131亿美元）和Pilot Corp.38.6%的权益，Pilot Corp.是旅游中心的领导者，去年的收入为450亿美元。</blockquote></p><p>Since we purchased our Pilot stake in 2017, this holding has warranted “equity” accounting treatment. Early in 2023, Berkshire will purchase an additional interest in Pilot that will raise our ownership to 80% and lead to our fully consolidating Pilot’s earnings, assets and liabilities in our financial statements.</p><p><blockquote>自从我们在2017年购买了我们的试点股份以来，这种持股已经保证了“权益”会计处理。2023年初，伯克希尔将购买Pilot的额外权益，这将使我们的所有权提高到80%，并使我们在财务报表中完全合并Pilot的收益、资产和负债。</blockquote></p><p><h2>U.S. Treasury Bills</h2>Berkshire’s balance sheet includes $144 billion of cash and cash equivalents (excluding the holdings of BNSF and BHE). Of this sum, $120 billion is held in U.S. Treasury bills, all maturing in less than a year. That stake leaves Berkshire financing about 12 of 1% of the publicly-held national debt.</p><p><blockquote><h2>美国国库券</h2>伯克希尔的资产负债表包括1440亿美元的现金和现金等价物（不包括持有的BNSF和BHE）。其中，1200亿美元是美国国库券，全部在不到一年的时间内到期。这些股份使伯克希尔哈撒韦公司为公共持有的国债的1%中的约12提供融资。</blockquote></p><p>Charlie and I have pledged that Berkshire (along with our subsidiaries other than BNSF and BHE) will always hold more than $30 billion of cash and equivalents. We want your company to be financially impregnable and never dependent on the kindness of strangers (or even that of friends). Both of us like to sleep soundly, and we want our creditors, insurance claimants and you to do so as well.</p><p><blockquote>查理和我承诺，伯克希尔（连同我们除BNSF和BHE之外的子公司）将始终持有超过300亿美元的现金和等价物。我们希望你的公司在财务上坚不可摧，永远不要依赖陌生人（甚至朋友）的善意。我们都喜欢睡得很香，我们希望我们的债权人、保险索赔人和你也这样做。</blockquote></p><p><h2>But $144 billion?</h2>That imposing sum, I assure you, is not some deranged expression of patriotism. Nor have Charlie and I lost our overwhelming preference for business ownership. Indeed, I first manifested my enthusiasm for that 80 years ago, on March 11, 1942, when I purchased three shares of Cities Services preferred stock. Their cost was $114.75 and required all of my savings. (The Dow Jones Industrial Average that day closed at 99, a fact that should scream to you: Never bet against America.)</p><p><blockquote><h2>但是1440亿美元？</h2>我向你保证，这笔巨额资金并不是某种疯狂的爱国主义表达。查理和我也没有失去对企业所有权的压倒性偏好。事实上，80年前的1942年3月11日，我第一次表现出了我对此的热情，当时我购买了三股城市服务公司的优先股。它们的成本是114.75美元，需要我所有的积蓄。（道琼斯工业平均指数当天收于99点，这个事实应该让你尖叫：永远不要做空美国。）</blockquote></p><p>After my initial plunge, I always kept at least 80% of my net worth in equities. My favored status throughout that period was 100% – and still is. Berkshire’s current 80%-or-so position in businesses is a consequence of my failure to find entire companies or small portions thereof (that is, marketable stocks) which meet our criteria for long- term holding.</p><p><blockquote>在我最初的暴跌之后，我总是将至少80%的净资产投资于股票。在那段时间里，我最喜欢的状态是100%——现在仍然如此。伯克希尔目前80%左右的企业头寸是我未能找到符合我们长期持有标准的整个公司或其中一小部分（即有价证券）的结果。</blockquote></p><p>Charlie and I have endured similar cash-heavy positions from time to time in the past. These periods are never pleasant; they are also never permanent. And, fortunately, we have had a mildly attractive alternative during 2020 and 2021 for deploying capital. Read on.</p><p><blockquote>查理和我过去也不时经历过类似的现金密集型头寸。这些时期从来都不愉快；它们也不是永久的。幸运的是，我们在2020年和2021年期间有一个稍微有吸引力的资本部署替代方案。继续读下去。</blockquote></p><p></p><p><h2>Share Repurchases</h2>There are three ways that we can increase the value of your investment. The first is always front and center in our minds: Increase the long-term earning power of Berkshire’s controlled businesses through internal growth or by making acquisitions. Today, internal opportunities deliver far better returns than acquisitions. The size of those opportunities, however, is small compared to Berkshire’s resources.</p><p><blockquote><h2>股份购回</h2>我们有三种方法可以增加您的投资价值。第一个始终是我们最关心的问题：通过内部增长或收购来提高伯克希尔控制业务的长期盈利能力。如今，内部机会比收购带来更好的回报。然而，与伯克希尔的资源相比，这些机会的规模很小。</blockquote></p><p>Our second choice is to buy non-controlling part-interests in the many good or great businesses that are publicly traded. From time to time, such possibilities are both numerous and blatantly attractive. Today, though, we find little that excites us.</p><p><blockquote>我们的第二个选择是购买许多公开交易的优秀或伟大企业的非控股部分权益。有时，这样的可能性既众多又极具吸引力。然而今天，我们很少发现让我们兴奋的东西。</blockquote></p><p>That’s largely because of a truism: Long-term interest rates that are low push the prices of all productive investments upward, whether these are stocks, apartments, farms, oil wells, whatever. Other factors influence valuations as well, but interest rates will always be important.</p><p><blockquote>这在很大程度上是因为一个不言而喻的事实：低长期利率会推高所有生产性投资的价格，无论是股票、公寓、农场、油井等等。其他因素也会影响估值，但利率始终很重要。</blockquote></p><p>Our final path to value creation is to repurchase Berkshire shares. Through that simple act, we increase your share of the many controlled and non-controlled businesses Berkshire owns. When the price/value equation is right, this path is the easiest and most certain way for us to increase your wealth. (Alongside the accretion of value to continuing shareholders, a couple of other parties gain: Repurchases are modestly beneficial to the seller of the repurchased shares and to society as well.)</p><p><blockquote>我们创造价值的最终途径是回购伯克希尔股票。通过这一简单的行为，我们增加了您在伯克希尔拥有的许多受控和非受控业务中的份额。当价格/价值等式正确时，这条路径是我们增加您财富的最简单、最确定的方式。（除了持续股东的价值增加之外，其他一些人也会受益：回购对回购股票的卖方和社会都有适度的好处。）</blockquote></p><p>Periodically, as alternative paths become unattractive, repurchases make good sense for Berkshire’s owners. During the past two years, we therefore repurchased 9% of the shares that were outstanding at yearend 2019 for a total cost of $51.7 billion. That expenditure left our continuing shareholders owning about 10% more of all Berkshire businesses, whether these are wholly-owned (such as BNSF and GEICO) or partly-owned (such as Coca-Cola and Moody’s).</p><p><blockquote>周期性地，随着替代路径变得没有吸引力，回购对伯克希尔的所有者来说是有意义的。因此，在过去两年中，我们回购了2019年底已发行股票的9%，总成本为517亿美元。这笔支出使我们的持续股东拥有伯克希尔所有业务约10%的股份，无论这些业务是全资拥有的（如BNSF和GEICO）还是部分拥有的（如可口可乐和穆迪）。</blockquote></p><p>I want to underscore that for Berkshire repurchases to make sense, our shares must offer appropriate value. We don’t want to overpay for the shares of other companies, and it would be value-destroying if we were to overpay when we are buying Berkshire. As of February 23, 2022, since yearend we repurchased additional shares at a cost of $1.2 billion. Our appetite remains large but will always remain price-dependent.</p><p><blockquote>我想强调的是，为了让伯克希尔的回购有意义，我们的股票必须提供适当的价值。我们不想为其他公司的股票支付过高的价格，如果我们在购买伯克希尔时支付过高的价格，那将是对价值的破坏。截至2022年2月23日，自年底以来，我们以12亿美元的成本回购了额外股票。我们的胃口仍然很大，但将始终取决于价格。</blockquote></p><p>It should be noted that Berkshire’s buyback opportunities are limited because of its high-class investor base. If our shares were heavily held by short-term speculators, both price volatility and transaction volumes would materially increase. That kind of reshaping would offer us far greater opportunities for creating value by making repurchases. Nevertheless, Charlie and I far prefer the owners we have, even though their admirable buy-and-keep attitudes limit the extent to which long-term shareholders can profit from opportunistic repurchases.</p><p><blockquote>需要注意的是，伯克希尔的回购机会有限，因为其投资者基础很高。倘我们的股份被短期投机者大量持有，价格波动及交易量将大幅增加。这种重塑将为我们提供更多通过回购创造价值的机会。然而，查理和我更喜欢我们现有的所有者，尽管他们令人钦佩的买入并持有态度限制了长期股东从机会主义回购中获利的程度。</blockquote></p><p>Finally, one easily-overlooked value calculation specific to Berkshire: As we’ve discussed, insurance “float” of the right sort is of great value to us. As it happens, repurchases automatically increase the amount of “float” per share. That figure has increased during the past two years by 25% – going from $79,387 per “A” share to $99,497, a meaningful gain that, as noted, owes some thanks to repurchases.</p><p><blockquote>最后，一个容易被忽视的伯克希尔特有的价值计算：正如我们已经讨论过的，正确类型的保险“浮动”对我们来说非常有价值。碰巧的是，回购会自动增加每股的“流通量”。这一数字在过去两年中增长了25%，从每股“A”股79,387美元增至99,497美元，如前所述，这一有意义的涨幅在一定程度上要归功于回购。</blockquote></p><p><h2>A Wonderful Man and a Wonderful Business</h2>Last year, Paul Andrews died. Paul was the founder and CEO of TTI, a Fort Worth-based subsidiary of Berkshire. Throughout his life – in both his business and his personal pursuits – Paul quietly displayed all the qualities that Charlie and I admire. His story should be told.</p><p><blockquote><h2>一个了不起的人和一个了不起的企业</h2>去年，保罗·安德鲁斯去世了。保罗是伯克希尔哈撒韦公司位于沃思堡的子公司TTI的创始人兼首席执行官。在他的一生中——在他的事业和个人追求中——保罗悄悄地展示了查理和我所钦佩的所有品质。他的故事应该被讲述。</blockquote></p><p>In 1971, Paul was working as a purchasing agent for General Dynamics when the roof fell in. After losing a huge defense contract, the company fired thousands of employees, including Paul.</p><p><blockquote>1971年，当屋顶倒塌时，保罗正在通用动力公司担任采购代理。在失去一份巨额国防合同后，该公司解雇了数千名员工，其中包括保罗。</blockquote></p><p>With his first child due soon, Paul decided to bet on himself, using $500 of his savings to found Tex-Tronics (later renamed TTI). The company set itself up to distribute small electronic components, and first-year sales totaled $112,000. Today, TTI markets more than one million different items with annual volume of $7.7 billion.</p><p><blockquote>随着他的第一个孩子即将出生，保罗决定把赌注押在自己身上，用他的500美元积蓄创办了Tex-Tronics（后来更名为TTI）。该公司致力于分销小型电子元件，第一年的销售额总计112,000美元。如今，创科实业销售超过100万种不同的产品，年销售额达77亿美元。</blockquote></p><p>But back to 2006: Paul, at 63, then found himself happy with his family, his job, and his associates. But he had one nagging worry, heightened because he had recently witnessed a friend’s early death and the disastrous results that followed for that man’s family and business. What, Paul asked himself in 2006, would happen to the many people depending on him if he should unexpectedly die?</p><p><blockquote>但回到2006年：63岁的保罗发现自己对家庭、工作和同事都很满意。但他有一个挥之不去的担忧，因为他最近目睹了一个朋友的早逝以及随之而来的对那个人的家庭和生意的灾难性后果，这种担忧加剧了。保罗在2006年问自己，如果他意外去世，许多依赖他的人会怎么样？</blockquote></p><p>For a year, Paul wrestled with his options. Sell to a competitor? From a strictly economic viewpoint, that course made the most sense. After all, competitors could envision lucrative “synergies” – savings that would be achieved as the acquiror slashed duplicated functions at TTI.</p><p><blockquote>一年来，保罗一直在纠结自己的选择。卖给竞争对手？从严格的经济角度来看，这个过程是最有意义的。毕竟，竞争对手可以设想利润丰厚的“协同效应”——随着收购方削减TTI的重复职能，将实现节省。</blockquote></p><p></p><p>But . . . Such a purchaser would most certainly also retain its CFO, its legal counsel, its HR unit. Their TTI counterparts would therefore be sent packing. And ugh! If a new distribution center were to be needed, the acquirer’s home city would certainly be favored over Fort Worth.</p><p><blockquote>但是...这样的购买者肯定还会保留其首席财务官、法律顾问和人力资源部门。因此，他们的TTI同行将被打包发送。还有啊！如果需要一个新的配送中心，收购方的家乡城市肯定会比沃思堡更受青睐。</blockquote></p><p>Whatever the financial benefits, Paul quickly concluded that selling to a competitor was not for him. He next considered seeking a financial buyer, a species once labeled – aptly so – a leveraged buyout firm. Paul knew, however, that such a purchaser would be focused on an “exit strategy.” And who could know what that would be? Brooding over it all, Paul found himself having no interest in handing his 35-year-old creation over to a reseller.</p><p><blockquote>不管经济利益如何，保罗很快得出结论，卖给竞争对手不适合他。接下来，他考虑寻找一家金融买家，这种买家曾经被恰当地称为杠杆收购公司。然而，保罗知道这样的买家会专注于“退出策略”。谁知道那会是什么？考虑到这一切，保罗发现自己没有兴趣将他35岁的创作交给经销商。</blockquote></p><p>When Paul met me, he explained why he had eliminated these two alternatives as buyers. He then summed up his dilemma by saying – in far more tactful phrasing than this – “After a year of pondering the alternatives, I want to sell to Berkshire because you are the only guy left.” So, I made an offer and Paul said “Yes.” One meeting; one lunch; one deal.</p><p><blockquote>当保罗见到我时，他解释了为什么他作为买家排除了这两种选择。然后，他用比这更委婉的措辞总结了自己的困境：“经过一年的思考，我想把它卖给伯克希尔，因为你是唯一剩下的人。”所以，我提出了一个提议，保罗答应了。一次会议；一顿午餐；一笔交易。</blockquote></p><p>To say we both lived happily ever after is an understatement. When Berkshire purchased TTI, the company employed 2,387. Now the number is 8,043. A large percentage of that growth took place in Fort Worth and environs. Earnings have increased 673%.</p><p><blockquote>说我们从此过上了幸福的生活是一种保守的说法。当伯克希尔收购TTI时，该公司拥有2,387名员工。现在这个数字是8043。其中很大一部分增长发生在沃思堡及周边地区。盈利增长了673%。</blockquote></p><p>Annually, I would call Paul and tell him his salary should be substantially increased. Annually, he would tell me, “We can talk about that next year, Warren; I’m too busy now.”</p><p><blockquote>每年，我都会给保罗发看涨期权，告诉他他的薪水应该大幅增加。每年，他都会告诉我，“我们可以明年再谈这个，沃伦，我现在太忙了。”</blockquote></p><p>When Greg Abel and I attended Paul’s memorial service, we met children, grandchildren, long-time associates (including TTI’s first employee) and John Roach, the former CEO of a Fort Worth company Berkshire had purchased in 2000. John had steered his friend Paul to Omaha, instinctively knowing we would be a match.</p><p><blockquote>当格雷格·阿贝尔和我参加保罗的追悼会时，我们见到了孩子、孙子、长期合作伙伴（包括创科实业的第一位员工）和约翰·罗奇，他是伯克希尔2000年收购的沃斯堡一家公司的前首席执行官。约翰带着他的朋友保罗去了奥马哈，本能地知道我们会是一对。</blockquote></p><p>At the service, Greg and I heard about the multitudes of people and organizations that Paul had silently supported. The breadth of his generosity was extraordinary – geared always to improving the lives of others, particularly those in Fort Worth.</p><p><blockquote>在仪式上，格雷格和我听说了保罗默默支持的许多人和组织。他的慷慨是非凡的——总是致力于改善他人的生活，尤其是那些在沃思堡的人。</blockquote></p><p>In all ways, Paul was a class act.</p><p><blockquote>从各方面来看，保罗都是一流的。</blockquote></p><p>* * * * * * * * * * * *</p><p><blockquote>**</blockquote></p><p>Good luck – occasionally extraordinary luck – has played its part at Berkshire. If Paul and I had not enjoyed a mutual friend – John Roach – TTI would not have found its home with us. But that ample serving of luck was only the beginning. TTI was soon to lead Berkshire to its most important acquisition.</p><p><blockquote>好运——偶尔是非凡的运气——在伯克希尔发挥了作用。如果保罗和我没有一个共同的朋友——约翰·罗奇——TTI就不会在我们身边找到它的家。但是这种充足的运气仅仅是个开始。TTI很快就带领伯克希尔完成了其最重要的收购。</blockquote></p><p>Every fall, Berkshire directors gather for a presentation by a few of our executives. We sometimes choose the site based upon the location of a recent acquisition, by that means allowing directors to meet the new subsidiary’s CEO and learn more about the acquiree’s activities.</p><p><blockquote>每年秋天，伯克希尔的董事们都会聚集在一起，听取我们几位高管的演讲。我们有时会根据最近收购的地点来选择地点，这样可以让董事会见新子公司的首席执行官，并更多地了解被收购方的活动。</blockquote></p><p>In the fall of 2009, we consequently selected Fort Worth so that we could visit TTI. At that time, BNSF, which also had Fort Worth as its hometown, was the third-largest holding among our marketable equities. Despite that large stake, I had never visited the railroad’s headquarters.</p><p><blockquote>因此，在2009年秋天，我们选择了沃思堡，这样我们就可以参观TTI。当时，BNSF的家乡也是沃思堡，是我们有价证券中的第三大持股。尽管有这么大的股份，我从未去过铁路总部。</blockquote></p><p>Deb Bosanek, my assistant, scheduled our board’s opening dinner for October 22. Meanwhile, I arranged to arrive earlier that day to meet with Matt Rose, CEO of BNSF, whose accomplishments I had long admired. When I made the date, I had no idea that our get-together would coincide with BNSF’s third-quarter earnings report, which was released late on the 22nd.</p><p><blockquote>我的助手Deb Bosanek将我们董事会的开幕晚宴安排在10月22日。与此同时，我安排当天早些时候到达，会见BNSF首席执行官马特·罗斯，他的成就我长期以来一直钦佩。当我确定这个日期时，我不知道我们的聚会会恰逢BNSF于22日晚些时候发布的第三季度收益报告。</blockquote></p><p>The market reacted badly to the railroad’s results. The Great Recession was in full force in the third quarter, and BNSF’s earnings reflected that slump. The economic outlook was also bleak, and Wall Street wasn’t feeling friendly to railroads – or much else.</p><p><blockquote>市场对铁路公司的业绩反应不佳。大衰退在第三季度全面爆发，BNSF的盈利反映了这种下滑。经济前景也很黯淡，华尔街对铁路或其他许多行业都不太友好。</blockquote></p><p>On the following day, I again got together with Matt and suggested that Berkshire would offer the railroad a better long-term home than it could expect as a public company. I also told him the maximum price that Berkshire would pay.</p><p><blockquote>第二天，我再次和马特聚在一起，建议伯克希尔为铁路公司提供一个比上市公司更好的长期住所。我还告诉了他伯克希尔愿意支付的最高价格。</blockquote></p><p>Matt relayed the offer to his directors and advisors. Eleven busy days later, Berkshire and BNSF announced a firm deal. And here I’ll venture a rare prediction: BNSF will be a key asset for Berkshire and our country a century from now.</p><p><blockquote>马特向他的董事和顾问转达了这一提议。忙碌了11天后，伯克希尔和BNSF宣布了一项确定的交易。在这里，我大胆地做一个罕见的预测：一个世纪后，BNSF将成为伯克希尔和我们国家的关键资产。</blockquote></p><p>The BNSF acquisition would never have happened if Paul Andrews hadn’t sized up Berkshire as the right home for TTI.</p><p><blockquote>如果保罗·安德鲁斯(Paul Andrews)没有将伯克希尔视为TTI的合适住所，BNSF的收购永远不会发生。</blockquote></p><p><h2>Thanks</h2>I taught my first investing class 70 years ago. Since then, I have enjoyed working almost every year with students of all ages, finally “retiring” from that pursuit in 2018.</p><p><blockquote><h2>谢谢</h2>70年前，我教了我的第一堂投资课。从那以后，我几乎每年都喜欢和各个年龄段的学生一起工作，最终在2018年从这种追求中“退休”。</blockquote></p><p>Along the way, my toughest audience was my grandson’s fifth-grade class. The 11-year-olds were squirming in their seats and giving me blank stares until I mentioned Coca-Cola and its famous secret formula. Instantly, every hand went up, and I learned that “secrets” are catnip to kids.</p><p><blockquote>一路上，我最难对付的观众是我孙子五年级的班级。11岁的孩子们在座位上蠕动，茫然地看着我，直到我提到可口可乐和它著名的秘密配方。立刻，每个人都举起了手，我明白了“秘密”对孩子们来说是猫薄荷。</blockquote></p><p></p><p>Teaching, like writing, has helped me develop and clarify my own thoughts. Charlie calls this phenomenon the orangutan effect: If you sit down with an orangutan and carefully explain to it one of your cherished ideas, you may leave behind a puzzled primate, but will yourself exit thinking more clearly.</p><p><blockquote>教学和写作一样，帮助我发展和理清了自己的思想。查理·评级这种现象猩猩效应：如果你和一只猩猩坐下来，仔细地向它解释你珍视的一个想法，你可能会留下一只困惑的灵长类动物，但你自己会更清楚地思考吗？</blockquote></p><p>Talking to university students is far superior. I have urged that they seek employment in (1) the field and (2) with the kind of people they would select, if they had no need for money. Economic realities, I acknowledge, may interfere with that kind of search. Even so, I urge the students never to give up the quest, for when they find that sort of job, they will no longer be “working.”</p><p><blockquote>和大学生说话要优越得多。我敦促他们在（1）这个领域和（2）如果他们不需要钱，他们会选择的那种人那里找工作。我承认，经济现实可能会干扰这种搜索。即便如此，我敦促学生们永远不要放弃追求，因为当他们找到那种工作时，他们将不再是“工作”。</blockquote></p><p>Charlie and I, ourselves, followed that liberating course after a few early stumbles. We both started as part- timers at my grandfather’s grocery store, Charlie in 1940 and I in 1942. We were each assigned boring tasks and paid little, definitely not what we had in mind. Charlie later took up law, and I tried selling securities. Job satisfaction continued to elude us.</p><p><blockquote>查理和我，我们自己，在经历了一些早期的挫折后，走上了解放的道路。我们都是从我祖父的杂货店兼职开始的，查理是1940年，我是1942年。我们每个人都被分配了无聊的任务，报酬很低，绝对不是我们想要的。查理后来从事法律工作，我尝试出售证券。工作满意度继续困扰着我们。</blockquote></p><p>Finally, at Berkshire, we found what we love to do. With very few exceptions, we have now “worked” for many decades with people whom we like and trust. It’s a joy in life to join with managers such as Paul Andrews or the Berkshire families I told you about last year. In our home office, we employ decent and talented people – no jerks. Turnover averages, perhaps, one person per year.</p><p><blockquote>最后，在伯克希尔，我们找到了自己喜欢做的事情。除了极少数例外，我们现在已经和我们喜欢和信任的人“工作”了几十年。与保罗·安德鲁斯或我去年告诉过你的伯克希尔家族等经理人一起工作是生活中的一种乐趣。在我们的家庭办公室，我们雇佣体面和有才华的人——没有混蛋。平均离职人数可能是每年一人。</blockquote></p><p>I would like, however, to emphasize a further item that turns our jobs into fun and satisfaction working</p><p><blockquote>然而，我想强调另一个项目，它将我们的工作变成有趣和令人满意的工作</blockquote></p><p>for you. There is nothing more rewarding to Charlie and me than enjoying the trust of individual long-term shareholders who, for many decades, have joined us with the expectation that we would be a reliable custodian of their funds.</p><p><blockquote>为了你。对查理和我来说，没有什么比享受个人长期股东的信任更有意义的了，几十年来，他们加入我们的期望是我们将成为他们资金的可靠托管人。</blockquote></p><p>Obviously, we can’t select our owners, as we could do if our form of operation were a partnership. Anyone can buy shares of Berkshire today with the intention of soon reselling them. For sure, we get a few of that type of shareholder, just as we get index funds that own huge amounts of Berkshire simply because they are required to do so.</p><p><blockquote>显然，我们不能选择我们的所有者，如果我们的运营形式是合伙企业，我们可以这样做。任何人今天都可以购买伯克希尔的股票，并打算很快转售。当然，我们有一些此类股东，就像我们有指数基金持有大量伯克希尔哈撒韦公司股票一样，因为它们被要求这样做。</blockquote></p><p>To a truly unusual degree, however, Berkshire has as owners a very large corps of individuals and families that have elected to join us with an intent approaching “til death do us part.” Often, they have trusted us with a large – some might say excessive – portion of their savings.</p><p><blockquote>然而，在一个真正不寻常的程度上，伯克希尔拥有一大批个人和家庭作为所有者，他们选择加入我们，意图是“直到死亡将我们分开”。通常，他们把很大一部分——有些人可能会说是过多的——储蓄托付给我们。</blockquote></p><p>Berkshire, these shareholders would sometimes acknowledge, might be far from the best selection they could have made. But they would add that Berkshire would rank high among those with which they would be most comfortable. And people who are comfortable with their investments will, on average, achieve better results than those who are motivated by ever-changing headlines, chatter and promises.</p><p><blockquote>这些股东有时会承认，伯克希尔可能远不是他们所能做出的最佳选择。但他们会补充说，伯克希尔将在他们最满意的公司中排名靠前。平均而言，对自己的投资感到满意的人会比那些被不断变化的头条新闻、喋喋不休和承诺所激励的人取得更好的结果。</blockquote></p><p>Long-term individual owners are both the “partners” Charlie and I have always sought and the ones we constantly have in mind as we make decisions at Berkshire. To them we say, “It feels good to ‘work’ for you, and you have our thanks for your trust.”</p><p><blockquote>长期个人所有者既是查理和我一直在寻找的“合作伙伴”，也是我们在伯克希尔做决策时一直牢记的“合作伙伴”。我们对他们说：“为你们‘工作’的感觉真好，我们感谢你们的信任。”</blockquote></p><p><h2>The Annual Meeting</h2>Clear your calendar! Berkshire will have its annual gathering of capitalists in Omaha on Friday, April 29th through Sunday, May 1st. The details regarding the weekend are laid out on pages A-1 and A-2. Omaha eagerly awaits you, as do I.</p><p><blockquote><h2>年会</h2>清除您的日历！伯克希尔将于4月29日星期五至5月1日星期日在奥马哈举行年度资本家聚会。关于周末的细节列在A-1和A-2页。奥马哈急切地等待着你，我也是。</blockquote></p><p>I will end this letter with a sales pitch. “Cousin” Jimmy Buffett has designed a pontoon “party” boat that is now being manufactured by Forest River, a Berkshire subsidiary. The boat will be introduced on April 29 at our Berkshire Bazaar of Bargains. And, for two days only, shareholders will be able to purchase Jimmy’s masterpiece at a 10% discount. Your bargain-hunting chairman will be buying a boat for his family’s use. Join me.</p><p><blockquote>我将以推销来结束这封信。“表哥”吉米·巴菲特设计了一艘浮桥“派对”船，现在由伯克希尔旗下的森林河公司制造。这艘船将于4月29日在我们的伯克希尔便宜货市场推出。而且，仅在两天内，股东就可以以10%的折扣购买吉米的杰作。你的便宜货董事长会买一艘船给他的家人使用。加入我。</blockquote></p><p>February 26, 2022</p><p><blockquote>2022年2月26日</blockquote></p><p>Warren E. Buffett Chairman of the Board</p><p><blockquote>沃伦·E·巴菲特董事会主席</blockquote></p><p></body></html></p><p><blockquote></blockquote></p><p></p>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{"BRK.B":"伯克希尔B","BRK.A":"伯克希尔"},"source_url":"","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1125580913","content_text":"Warren Buffett released his annual letter to Berkshire Hathaway shareholders on Saturday. The 91-year-old investing legend has been publishing the letter for over six decades and it has become required reading for investors around the world.Warren Buffett said he now considers tech giant Apple as one of the four pillars driving Berkshire Hathaway, the conglomerate of mostly old-economy businesses he’s assembled over the last five decades.In his annual letter to shareholders released on Saturday, the 91-year-old investing legend listed Apple under the heading “Our Four Giants” and even called the company the second-most important after Berkshire’s cluster of insurers, thanks to its chief executive.“Tim Cook, Apple’s brilliant CEO, quite properly regards users of Apple products as his first love, but all of his other constituencies benefit from Tim’s managerial touch as well,” the letter stated.Buffett made clear he is a fan of Cook’s stock repurchase strategy, and how it gives the conglomerate increased ownership of each dollar of the iPhone maker’s earnings without the investor having to lift a finger.“Apple – our runner-up Giant as measured by its yearend market value – is a different sort of holding. Here, our ownership is a mere 5.55%, up from 5.39% a year earlier,” Buffett said in the letter. “That increase sounds like small potatoes. But consider that each 0.1% of Apple’s 2021 earnings amounted to $100 million. We spent no Berkshire funds to gain our accretion. Apple’s repurchases did the job.”Berkshire began buying Apple stock in 2016 under the influence of Buffett’s investing deputies Todd Combs and Ted Weschler. By mid-2018, the conglomerate accumulated 5% ownership of the iPhone maker, a stake that cost $36 billion. Today, the Apple investment is now worth more than $160 billion, taking up 40% of Berkshire’s equity portfolio.“It’s important to understand that only dividends from Apple are counted in the GAAP earnings Berkshire reports – and last year, Apple paid us $785 million of those. Yet our ‘share’ of Apple’s earnings amounted to a staggering $5.6 billion. Much of what the company retained was used to repurchase Apple shares, an act we applaud,” Buffett said.Berkshire is Apple’s largest shareholder, outside of index and exchange-traded fund providers.Buffett also credited his railroad business BNSF and energy segment BHE as two other giants of the conglomerate, which both registered record earnings in 2021.“BNSF, our third Giant, continues to be the number one artery of American commerce, which makes it an indispensable asset for America as well as for Berkshire,” Buffett said. “BHE has become a utility powerhouse and a leading force in wind, solar and transmission throughout much of the United States.”Read the full letter here：To the Shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.:Charlie Munger, my long-time partner, and I have the job of managing a portion of your savings. We are honored by your trust.Our position carries with it the responsibility to report to you what we would like to know if we were the absentee owner and you were the manager. We enjoy communicating directly with you through this annual letter, and through the annual meeting as well.Our policy is to treat all shareholders equally. Therefore, we do not hold discussions with analysts nor large institutions. Whenever possible, also, we release important communications on Saturday mornings in order to maximize the time for shareholders and the media to absorb the news before markets open on Monday.A wealth of Berkshire facts and figures are set forth in the annual 10-K that the company regularly files with the S.E.C. and that we reproduce on pages K-1 – K-119. Some shareholders will find this detail engrossing; others will simply prefer to learn what Charlie and I believe is new or interesting at Berkshire.Alas, there was little action of that sort in 2021. We did, though, make reasonable progress in increasing the intrinsic value of your shares. That task has been my primary duty for 57 years. And it will continue to be.What You OwnBerkshire owns a wide variety of businesses, some in their entirety, some only in part. The second group largely consists of marketable common stocks of major American companies. Additionally, we own a few non-U.S. equities and participate in several joint ventures or other collaborative activities.Whatever our form of ownership, our goal is to have meaningful investments in businesses with both durable economic advantages and a first-class CEO. Please note particularly that we own stocks based upon our expectations about their long-term business performance and not because we view them as vehicles for timely market moves. That point is crucial: Charlie and I are not stock-pickers; we are business-pickers.I make many mistakes. Consequently, our extensive collection of businesses includes some enterprises that have truly extraordinary economics, many others that enjoy good economic characteristics, and a few that are marginal. One advantage of our common-stock segment is that – on occasion – it becomes easy to buy pieces of wonderful businesses at wonderful prices. That shooting-fish-in-a-barrel experience is very rare in negotiated transactions and never occurs en masse. It is also far easier to exit from a mistake when it has been made in the marketable arena.Surprise, SurpriseHere are a few items about your company that often surprise even seasoned investors:• Many people perceive Berkshire as a large and somewhat strange collection of financial assets. In truth, Berkshire owns and operates more U.S.-based “infrastructure” assets – classified on our balance sheet as property, plant and equipment – than are owned and operated by any other American corporation. That supremacy has never been our goal. It has, however, become a fact.At yearend, those domestic infrastructure assets were carried on Berkshire’s balance sheet at $158 billion. That number increased last year and will continue to increase. Berkshire always will be building.• Every year, your company makes substantial federal income tax payments. In 2021, for example, we paid$3.3 billion while the U.S. Treasury reported total corporate income-tax receipts of $402 billion. Additionally, Berkshire pays substantial state and foreign taxes. “I gave at the office” is an unassailable assertion when made by Berkshire shareholders.Berkshire’s history vividly illustrates the invisible and often unrecognized financial partnership between  government and American businesses. Our tale begins early in 1955, when Berkshire Fine Spinning and Hathaway Manufacturing agreed to merge their businesses. In their requests for shareholder approval, these venerable New England textile companies expressed high hopes for the combination.The Hathaway solicitation, for example, assured its shareholders that “The combination of the resources and managements will result in one of the strongest and most efficient organizations in the textile industry.” That upbeat view was endorsed by the company’s advisor, Lehman Brothers (yes, that Lehman Brothers).I’m sure it was a joyous day in both Fall River (Berkshire) and New Bedford (Hathaway) when the union was consummated. After the bands stopped playing and the bankers went home, however, the shareholders reaped a disaster.In the nine years following the merger, Berkshire’s owners watched the company’s net worth crater from$51.4 million to $22.1 million. In part, this decline was caused by stock repurchases, ill-advised dividends and plant shutdowns. But nine years of effort by many thousands of employees delivered an operating loss as well. Berkshire’s struggles were not unusual: The New England textile industry had silently entered an extended and non-reversible death march.During the nine post-merger years, the U.S. Treasury suffered as well from Berkshire’s troubles. All told, the company paid the government only $337,359 in income tax during that period – a pathetic $100 per day.Early in 1965, things changed. Berkshire installed new management that redeployed available cash and steered essentially all earnings into a variety of good businesses, most of which remained good through the years. Coupling reinvestment of earnings with the power of compounding worked its magic, and shareholders prospered.Berkshire’s owners, it should be noted, were not the only beneficiary of that course correction. Their “silent partner,” the U.S. Treasury, proceeded to collect many tens of billions of dollars from the company in income tax payments. Remember the $100 daily? Now, Berkshire pays roughly $9 million daily to the Treasury.In fairness to our governmental partner, our shareholders should acknowledge – indeed trumpet – the fact that Berkshire’s prosperity has been fostered mightily because the company has operated in America. Our country would have done splendidly in the years since 1965 without Berkshire. Absent our American home, however, Berkshire would never have come close to becoming what it is today. When you see the flag, say thanks.• From an $8.6 million purchase of National Indemnity in 1967, Berkshire has become the world leader in insurance “float” – money we hold and can invest but that does not belong to us. Including a relatively small sum derived from life insurance, Berkshire’s total float has grown from $19 million when we entered the insurance business to $147 billion.So far, this float has cost us less than nothing. Though we have experienced a number of years when insurance losses combined with operating expenses exceeded premiums, overall we have earned a modest 55-year profit from the underwriting activities that generated our float.Of equal importance, float is very sticky. Funds attributable to our insurance operations come and go daily, but their aggregate total is immune from precipitous decline. When it comes to investing float, we can therefore think long-term.If you are not already familiar with the concept of float, I refer you to a long explanation on page A-5. To my surprise, our float increased $9 billion last year, a buildup of value that is important to Berkshire owners though is not reflected in our GAAP (“generally-accepted accounting principles”) presentation of earnings and net worth.Much of our huge value creation in insurance is attributable to Berkshire’s good luck in my 1986 hiring of Ajit Jain. We first met on a Saturday morning, and I quickly asked Ajit what his insurance experience had been. He replied, “None.”I said, “Nobody’s perfect,” and hired him. That was my lucky day: Ajit actually was as perfect a choice as could have been made. Better yet, he continues to be – 35 years later.One final thought about insurance: I believe that it is likely – but far from assured – that Berkshire’s float can be maintained without our incurring a long-term underwriting loss. I am certain, however, that there will be some years when we experience such losses, perhaps involving very large sums.Berkshire is constructed to handle catastrophic events as no other insurer – and that priority will remain long after Charlie and I are gone.Our Four GiantsThrough Berkshire, our shareholders own many dozens of businesses. Some of these, in turn, have a collection of subsidiaries of their own. For example, Marmon has more than 100 individual business operations, ranging from the leasing of railroad cars to the manufacture of medical devices.• Nevertheless, operations of our “Big Four” companies account for a very large chunk of Berkshire’s value. Leading this list is our cluster of insurers. Berkshire effectively owns 100% of this group, whose massive float value we earlier described. The invested assets of these insurers are further enlarged by the extraordinary amount of capital we invest to back up their promises.The insurance business is made to order for Berkshire. The product will never be obsolete, and sales volume will generally increase along with both economic growth and inflation. Also, integrity and capital will forever be important. Our company can and will behave well.There are, of course, other insurers with excellent business models and prospects. Replication of Berkshire’s operation, however, would be almost impossible.• Apple – our runner-up Giant as measured by its yearend market value – is a different sort of holding. Here, our ownership is a mere 5.55%, up from 5.39% a year earlier. That increase sounds like small potatoes. But consider that each 0.1% of Apple’s 2021 earnings amounted to $100 million. We spent no Berkshire funds to gain our accretion. Apple’s repurchases did the job.It’s important to understand that only dividends from Apple are counted in the GAAP earnings Berkshire reports – and last year, Apple paid us $785 million of those. Yet our “share” of Apple’s earnings amounted to a staggering $5.6 billion. Much of what the company retained was used to repurchase Apple shares, an act we applaud. Tim Cook, Apple’s brilliant CEO, quite properly regards users of Apple products as his first love, but all of his other constituencies benefit from Tim’s managerial touch as well.• BNSF, our third Giant, continues to be the number one artery of American commerce, which makes it an indispensable asset for America as well as for Berkshire. If the many essential products BNSF carries were instead hauled by truck, America’s carbon emissions would soar.Your railroad had record earnings of $6 billion in 2021. Here, it should be noted, we are talking about the old-fashioned sort of earnings that we favor: a figure calculated after interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and all forms of compensation. (Our definition suggests a warning: Deceptive “adjustments” to earnings – to use a polite description – have become both more frequent and more fanciful as stocks have risen. Speaking less politely, I would say that bull markets breed bloviated bull )BNSF trains traveled 143 million miles last year and carried 535 million tons of cargo. Both accomplishments far exceed those of any other American carrier. You can be proud of your railroad.• BHE, our final Giant, earned a record $4 billion in 2021. That’s up more than 30-fold from the $122 million earned in 2000, the year that Berkshire first purchased a BHE stake. Now, Berkshire owns 91.1% of the company.BHE’s record of societal accomplishment is as remarkable as its financial performance. The company had no wind or solar generation in 2000. It was then regarded simply as a relatively new and minor participant in the huge electric utility industry. Subsequently, under David Sokol’s and Greg Abel’s leadership, BHE has become a utility powerhouse (no groaning, please) and a leading force in wind, solar and transmission throughout much of the United States.Greg’s report on these accomplishments appears on pages A-3 and A-4. The profile you will find there is not in any way one of those currently-fashionable “green-washing” stories. BHE has been faithfully detailing its plans and performance in renewables and transmissions every year since 2007.To further review this information, visit BHE’s website at brkenergy.com. There, you will see that the company has long been making climate-conscious moves that soak up all of its earnings. More opportunities lie ahead. BHE has the management, the experience, the capital and the appetite for the huge power projects that our country needs.InvestmentsNow let’s talk about companies we don’t control, a list that again references Apple. Below we list our fifteen largest equity holdings, several of which are selections of Berkshire’s two long-time investment managers, Todd Combs and Ted Weschler. At yearend, this valued pair had total authority in respect to $34 billion of investments, many of which do not meet the threshold value we use in the table. Also, a significant portion of the dollars that Todd and Ted manage are lodged in various pension plans of Berkshire-owned businesses, with the assets of these plans not included in this table.* This is our actual purchase price and also our tax basis.** Held by BHE; consequently, Berkshire shareholders have only a 91.1% interest in this position.*** Includes a $10 billion investment in Occidental Petroleum, consisting of preferred stock and warrants to buy common stock, a combination now being valued at $10.7 billion.In addition to the footnoted Occidental holding and our various common-stock positions, Berkshire also owns a 26.6% interest in Kraft Heinz (accounted for on the “equity” method, not market value, and carried at $13.1 billion) and 38.6% of Pilot Corp., a leader in travel centers that had revenues last year of $45 billion.Since we purchased our Pilot stake in 2017, this holding has warranted “equity” accounting treatment. Early in 2023, Berkshire will purchase an additional interest in Pilot that will raise our ownership to 80% and lead to our fully consolidating Pilot’s earnings, assets and liabilities in our financial statements.U.S. Treasury BillsBerkshire’s balance sheet includes $144 billion of cash and cash equivalents (excluding the holdings of BNSF and BHE). Of this sum, $120 billion is held in U.S. Treasury bills, all maturing in less than a year. That stake leaves Berkshire financing about 12 of 1% of the publicly-held national debt.Charlie and I have pledged that Berkshire (along with our subsidiaries other than BNSF and BHE) will always hold more than $30 billion of cash and equivalents. We want your company to be financially impregnable and never dependent on the kindness of strangers (or even that of friends). Both of us like to sleep soundly, and we want our creditors, insurance claimants and you to do so as well.But $144 billion?That imposing sum, I assure you, is not some deranged expression of patriotism. Nor have Charlie and I lost our overwhelming preference for business ownership. Indeed, I first manifested my enthusiasm for that 80 years ago, on March 11, 1942, when I purchased three shares of Cities Services preferred stock. Their cost was $114.75 and required all of my savings. (The Dow Jones Industrial Average that day closed at 99, a fact that should scream to you: Never bet against America.)After my initial plunge, I always kept at least 80% of my net worth in equities. My favored status throughout that period was 100% – and still is. Berkshire’s current 80%-or-so position in businesses is a consequence of my failure to find entire companies or small portions thereof (that is, marketable stocks) which meet our criteria for long- term holding.Charlie and I have endured similar cash-heavy positions from time to time in the past. These periods are never pleasant; they are also never permanent. And, fortunately, we have had a mildly attractive alternative during 2020 and 2021 for deploying capital. Read on.Share RepurchasesThere are three ways that we can increase the value of your investment. The first is always front and center in our minds: Increase the long-term earning power of Berkshire’s controlled businesses through internal growth or by making acquisitions. Today, internal opportunities deliver far better returns than acquisitions. The size of those opportunities, however, is small compared to Berkshire’s resources.Our second choice is to buy non-controlling part-interests in the many good or great businesses that are publicly traded. From time to time, such possibilities are both numerous and blatantly attractive. Today, though, we find little that excites us.That’s largely because of a truism: Long-term interest rates that are low push the prices of all productive investments upward, whether these are stocks, apartments, farms, oil wells, whatever. Other factors influence valuations as well, but interest rates will always be important.Our final path to value creation is to repurchase Berkshire shares. Through that simple act, we increase your share of the many controlled and non-controlled businesses Berkshire owns. When the price/value equation is right, this path is the easiest and most certain way for us to increase your wealth. (Alongside the accretion of value to continuing shareholders, a couple of other parties gain: Repurchases are modestly beneficial to the seller of the repurchased shares and to society as well.)Periodically, as alternative paths become unattractive, repurchases make good sense for Berkshire’s owners. During the past two years, we therefore repurchased 9% of the shares that were outstanding at yearend 2019 for a total cost of $51.7 billion. That expenditure left our continuing shareholders owning about 10% more of all Berkshire businesses, whether these are wholly-owned (such as BNSF and GEICO) or partly-owned (such as Coca-Cola and Moody’s).I want to underscore that for Berkshire repurchases to make sense, our shares must offer appropriate value. We don’t want to overpay for the shares of other companies, and it would be value-destroying if we were to overpay when we are buying Berkshire. As of February 23, 2022, since yearend we repurchased additional shares at a cost of $1.2 billion. Our appetite remains large but will always remain price-dependent.It should be noted that Berkshire’s buyback opportunities are limited because of its high-class investor base. If our shares were heavily held by short-term speculators, both price volatility and transaction volumes would materially increase. That kind of reshaping would offer us far greater opportunities for creating value by making repurchases. Nevertheless, Charlie and I far prefer the owners we have, even though their admirable buy-and-keep attitudes limit the extent to which long-term shareholders can profit from opportunistic repurchases.Finally, one easily-overlooked value calculation specific to Berkshire: As we’ve discussed, insurance “float” of the right sort is of great value to us. As it happens, repurchases automatically increase the amount of “float” per share. That figure has increased during the past two years by 25% – going from $79,387 per “A” share to $99,497, a meaningful gain that, as noted, owes some thanks to repurchases.A Wonderful Man and a Wonderful BusinessLast year, Paul Andrews died. Paul was the founder and CEO of TTI, a Fort Worth-based subsidiary of Berkshire. Throughout his life – in both his business and his personal pursuits – Paul quietly displayed all the qualities that Charlie and I admire. His story should be told.In 1971, Paul was working as a purchasing agent for General Dynamics when the roof fell in. After losing a huge defense contract, the company fired thousands of employees, including Paul.With his first child due soon, Paul decided to bet on himself, using $500 of his savings to found Tex-Tronics (later renamed TTI). The company set itself up to distribute small electronic components, and first-year sales totaled $112,000. Today, TTI markets more than one million different items with annual volume of $7.7 billion.But back to 2006: Paul, at 63, then found himself happy with his family, his job, and his associates. But he had one nagging worry, heightened because he had recently witnessed a friend’s early death and the disastrous results that followed for that man’s family and business. What, Paul asked himself in 2006, would happen to the many people depending on him if he should unexpectedly die?For a year, Paul wrestled with his options. Sell to a competitor? From a strictly economic viewpoint, that course made the most sense. After all, competitors could envision lucrative “synergies” – savings that would be achieved as the acquiror slashed duplicated functions at TTI.But . . . Such a purchaser would most certainly also retain its CFO, its legal counsel, its HR unit. Their TTI counterparts would therefore be sent packing. And ugh! If a new distribution center were to be needed, the acquirer’s home city would certainly be favored over Fort Worth.Whatever the financial benefits, Paul quickly concluded that selling to a competitor was not for him. He next considered seeking a financial buyer, a species once labeled – aptly so – a leveraged buyout firm. Paul knew, however, that such a purchaser would be focused on an “exit strategy.” And who could know what that would be? Brooding over it all, Paul found himself having no interest in handing his 35-year-old creation over to a reseller.When Paul met me, he explained why he had eliminated these two alternatives as buyers. He then summed up his dilemma by saying – in far more tactful phrasing than this – “After a year of pondering the alternatives, I want to sell to Berkshire because you are the only guy left.” So, I made an offer and Paul said “Yes.” One meeting; one lunch; one deal.To say we both lived happily ever after is an understatement. When Berkshire purchased TTI, the company employed 2,387. Now the number is 8,043. A large percentage of that growth took place in Fort Worth and environs. Earnings have increased 673%.Annually, I would call Paul and tell him his salary should be substantially increased. Annually, he would tell me, “We can talk about that next year, Warren; I’m too busy now.”When Greg Abel and I attended Paul’s memorial service, we met children, grandchildren, long-time associates (including TTI’s first employee) and John Roach, the former CEO of a Fort Worth company Berkshire had purchased in 2000. John had steered his friend Paul to Omaha, instinctively knowing we would be a match.At the service, Greg and I heard about the multitudes of people and organizations that Paul had silently supported. The breadth of his generosity was extraordinary – geared always to improving the lives of others, particularly those in Fort Worth.In all ways, Paul was a class act.* * * * * * * * * * * *Good luck – occasionally extraordinary luck – has played its part at Berkshire. If Paul and I had not enjoyed a mutual friend – John Roach – TTI would not have found its home with us. But that ample serving of luck was only the beginning. TTI was soon to lead Berkshire to its most important acquisition.Every fall, Berkshire directors gather for a presentation by a few of our executives. We sometimes choose the site based upon the location of a recent acquisition, by that means allowing directors to meet the new subsidiary’s CEO and learn more about the acquiree’s activities.In the fall of 2009, we consequently selected Fort Worth so that we could visit TTI. At that time, BNSF, which also had Fort Worth as its hometown, was the third-largest holding among our marketable equities. Despite that large stake, I had never visited the railroad’s headquarters.Deb Bosanek, my assistant, scheduled our board’s opening dinner for October 22. Meanwhile, I arranged to arrive earlier that day to meet with Matt Rose, CEO of BNSF, whose accomplishments I had long admired. When I made the date, I had no idea that our get-together would coincide with BNSF’s third-quarter earnings report, which was released late on the 22nd.The market reacted badly to the railroad’s results. The Great Recession was in full force in the third quarter, and BNSF’s earnings reflected that slump. The economic outlook was also bleak, and Wall Street wasn’t feeling friendly to railroads – or much else.On the following day, I again got together with Matt and suggested that Berkshire would offer the railroad a better long-term home than it could expect as a public company. I also told him the maximum price that Berkshire would pay.Matt relayed the offer to his directors and advisors. Eleven busy days later, Berkshire and BNSF announced a firm deal. And here I’ll venture a rare prediction: BNSF will be a key asset for Berkshire and our country a century from now.The BNSF acquisition would never have happened if Paul Andrews hadn’t sized up Berkshire as the right home for TTI.ThanksI taught my first investing class 70 years ago. Since then, I have enjoyed working almost every year with students of all ages, finally “retiring” from that pursuit in 2018.Along the way, my toughest audience was my grandson’s fifth-grade class. The 11-year-olds were squirming in their seats and giving me blank stares until I mentioned Coca-Cola and its famous secret formula. Instantly, every hand went up, and I learned that “secrets” are catnip to kids.Teaching, like writing, has helped me develop and clarify my own thoughts. Charlie calls this phenomenon the orangutan effect: If you sit down with an orangutan and carefully explain to it one of your cherished ideas, you may leave behind a puzzled primate, but will yourself exit thinking more clearly.Talking to university students is far superior. I have urged that they seek employment in (1) the field and (2) with the kind of people they would select, if they had no need for money. Economic realities, I acknowledge, may interfere with that kind of search. Even so, I urge the students never to give up the quest, for when they find that sort of job, they will no longer be “working.”Charlie and I, ourselves, followed that liberating course after a few early stumbles. We both started as part- timers at my grandfather’s grocery store, Charlie in 1940 and I in 1942. We were each assigned boring tasks and paid little, definitely not what we had in mind. Charlie later took up law, and I tried selling securities. Job satisfaction continued to elude us.Finally, at Berkshire, we found what we love to do. With very few exceptions, we have now “worked” for many decades with people whom we like and trust. It’s a joy in life to join with managers such as Paul Andrews or the Berkshire families I told you about last year. In our home office, we employ decent and talented people – no jerks. Turnover averages, perhaps, one person per year.I would like, however, to emphasize a further item that turns our jobs into fun and satisfaction workingfor you. There is nothing more rewarding to Charlie and me than enjoying the trust of individual long-term shareholders who, for many decades, have joined us with the expectation that we would be a reliable custodian of their funds.Obviously, we can’t select our owners, as we could do if our form of operation were a partnership. Anyone can buy shares of Berkshire today with the intention of soon reselling them. For sure, we get a few of that type of shareholder, just as we get index funds that own huge amounts of Berkshire simply because they are required to do so.To a truly unusual degree, however, Berkshire has as owners a very large corps of individuals and families that have elected to join us with an intent approaching “til death do us part.” Often, they have trusted us with a large – some might say excessive – portion of their savings.Berkshire, these shareholders would sometimes acknowledge, might be far from the best selection they could have made. But they would add that Berkshire would rank high among those with which they would be most comfortable. And people who are comfortable with their investments will, on average, achieve better results than those who are motivated by ever-changing headlines, chatter and promises.Long-term individual owners are both the “partners” Charlie and I have always sought and the ones we constantly have in mind as we make decisions at Berkshire. To them we say, “It feels good to ‘work’ for you, and you have our thanks for your trust.”The Annual MeetingClear your calendar! Berkshire will have its annual gathering of capitalists in Omaha on Friday, April 29th through Sunday, May 1st. The details regarding the weekend are laid out on pages A-1 and A-2. Omaha eagerly awaits you, as do I.I will end this letter with a sales pitch. “Cousin” Jimmy Buffett has designed a pontoon “party” boat that is now being manufactured by Forest River, a Berkshire subsidiary. The boat will be introduced on April 29 at our Berkshire Bazaar of Bargains. And, for two days only, shareholders will be able to purchase Jimmy’s masterpiece at a 10% discount. Your bargain-hunting chairman will be buying a boat for his family’s use. Join me.February 26, 2022Warren E. Buffett Chairman of the Board","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"BRK.A":0.9,"BRK.B":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":2687,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":600740918,"gmtCreate":1638200111455,"gmtModify":1638200114733,"author":{"id":"4090372448888540","authorId":"4090372448888540","name":"winfredcth","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c465570918f25ab6c6a51f818aeceaf0","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"4090372448888540","idStr":"4090372448888540"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"👍👍","listText":"👍👍","text":"👍👍","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":4,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/600740918","repostId":"1182524223","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1182524223","kind":"news","weMediaInfo":{"introduction":"Providing stock market headlines, business news, financials and earnings ","home_visible":1,"media_name":"Tiger Newspress","id":"1079075236","head_image":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba"},"pubTimestamp":1638197006,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1182524223?lang=zh_CN&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-11-29 22:43","market":"us","language":"en","title":"Big tech shares jumped in morning trading<blockquote>大型科技股早盘上涨</blockquote>","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1182524223","media":"Tiger Newspress","summary":"Big tech shares jumped in morning trading.Apple,Microsoft,Amazon,Alphabet and Meta Platforms climbed","content":"<p>Big tech shares jumped in morning trading.Apple,Microsoft,Amazon,Alphabet&nbsp;and&nbsp;Meta&nbsp;Platforms&nbsp;climbed between 1% and 2%.</p><p><blockquote>大型科技股早盘上涨。苹果、微软、亚马逊、Alphabet和Meta Platforms上涨1%至2%。</blockquote></p><p> <img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e646cfb67f62c007db16ed52e6712cd4\" tg-width=\"406\" tg-height=\"299\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p><blockquote></blockquote></p><p></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; 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overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nBig tech shares jumped in morning trading<blockquote>大型科技股早盘上涨</blockquote>\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/1079075236\">\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/8274c5b9d4c2852bfb1c4d6ce16c68ba);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">Tiger Newspress </p>\n<p class=\"h-time smaller\">2021-11-29 22:43</p>\n</div>\n</a>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p>Big tech shares jumped in morning trading.Apple,Microsoft,Amazon,Alphabet&nbsp;and&nbsp;Meta&nbsp;Platforms&nbsp;climbed between 1% and 2%.</p><p><blockquote>大型科技股早盘上涨。苹果、微软、亚马逊、Alphabet和Meta Platforms上涨1%至2%。</blockquote></p><p> <img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e646cfb67f62c007db16ed52e6712cd4\" tg-width=\"406\" tg-height=\"299\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"></p><p><blockquote></blockquote></p><p></p>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{"MSFT":"微软","FB":"ProShares S&P 500 Dynamic Buffer ETF","GOOGL":"谷歌A","AAPL":"苹果","AMZN":"亚马逊"},"is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1182524223","content_text":"Big tech shares jumped in morning trading.Apple,Microsoft,Amazon,Alphabet and Meta Platforms climbed between 1% and 2%.","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"GOOGL":0.9,"FB":0.9,"AAPL":0.9,"AMZN":0.9,"MSFT":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":2586,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":841045265,"gmtCreate":1635865328678,"gmtModify":1635865328678,"author":{"id":"4090372448888540","authorId":"4090372448888540","name":"winfredcth","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c465570918f25ab6c6a51f818aeceaf0","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"4090372448888540","idStr":"4090372448888540"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"👍","listText":"👍","text":"👍","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":3,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/841045265","repostId":"2180872447","repostType":4,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":4091,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":852790511,"gmtCreate":1635300691371,"gmtModify":1635301188658,"author":{"id":"4090372448888540","authorId":"4090372448888540","name":"winfredcth","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c465570918f25ab6c6a51f818aeceaf0","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"4090372448888540","idStr":"4090372448888540"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"Gd","listText":"Gd","text":"Gd","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/852790511","repostId":"1165733287","repostType":2,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":2911,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0},{"id":853484525,"gmtCreate":1634829428919,"gmtModify":1634829429269,"author":{"id":"4090372448888540","authorId":"4090372448888540","name":"winfredcth","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c465570918f25ab6c6a51f818aeceaf0","crmLevel":12,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"4090372448888540","idStr":"4090372448888540"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"True","listText":"True","text":"True","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/853484525","repostId":"2177465199","repostType":4,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":2460,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"CN","totalScore":0}],"lives":[]}